Blocking of Cell Proliferation, Cytokines Production and Genes Expression Following Administration of Cordyceps Sinensis in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids Cells

Kuo, Yuh-Chi,Wu, Chia-Lin,Tasi, Wei-Jern,Wang, Jir-Yenn,Chang, Shi-Chung,Lin, Ching-Yuang,Shiao, Ming-Shi 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Yuh-Chi Kuo¹,Chia-Lin Wn¹,Wei-jern Tasi¹,Jir-Yenn Wang²,Shi-Chung Chang₃,Ching-Yung Lin⁴,and Ming-Shi Shiao⁴¹National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, ²Department of Biology,Fu Jen University, ³Department of Chest, ⁴Department of Pediatrics, □De[art,amt of Medical Research and Education. Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Yuh-Chi Kuo¹,Chia-Lin Wn¹,Wei-jern Tasi¹,Jir-Yenn Wang²,Shi-Chung Chang²,Ching-Yung Lin³,and Ming-Shi Shiao⁴.¹National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, ²Department of Biology,Fu Jen University, ³Department of Chest, ⁴Department of Pediatrics, □De[art,amt of Medical Research and Education. Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Blocking of Cell Proliferation, Cytokines Production and Genes Expression Following Administration of Cordyceps sinensis in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids Cells. Proceedings of international Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 44-64, 1999.-Cordyceps sinensis is a major parasitic fungus on larva of Lepidoptera. It is one of the well know fungi used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment asthma, lung and kideney diseases. Many fungi belonging to the genus Cordyceps have been demonstrated to produce natural products with various biological activities. Reported biological activities of genus cordyceps include:(a)inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis;(b)enhancement of cell differentiation;(c)restruction of cytoskeleton;(d)inhibition of protein kinase activity;(e)antitumor activity on bladder, colon, lung carcinoma as well as fibroblastoma;(f)inhibition of the infection and revers transciptase activity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1; and(g) inhibition of methylation of nucleic acid. Thus, it is suggested that the extracts of Cordyceps sp. Contain antitumor, antiviral, and many other biological activities. In our previous studies, we proved that C. sinensis contains the antitumor and immunomodulatory agents. In the present studies, effects of C. sinensis on bronchoalveolar lavage fluids(BAL)cells were demonstrated. The crude methanolic extracts of C. sinensis were fractionated into 15 fractions by silica gel column chromatography. Effects of various fraction on BAL cells proliferation and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) stimulated interleukin-1β(IL-8),platelet activating factor(PAF), interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-8(IL-8) production on BAL cells were determined. The result indicated that the CS-19-22 fraction suppressed BAL cells proliferation activated by LPS. The median inhibitory concentration(IC50) was 6㎍/ml. The CS-19-22 fraction also decreased IL-1β,PAF,IL-6, TNF-αand IL-8 production.The results of revers transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) demonstrated that the CS-19-22 fraction did not affect IL-1β,PAF,IL-6, TNF-α,and IL-8 mRNAs expression in BAL cells activated by LPS. By contrast, it inhibited the IL-10 mRNA expression but enhanced IFN-γand IL-12 mRNAs expression in activated BAL cells. Moreover, the CS-19-22 fraction blocked PAF-induced platelet aggregation. It is unlikely that cytotoxicity was involved. Because no cell deths were observable. We hypothesize that inhibitory mechanisms of CS-19-22 on BAL cells proliferation may be related to the impairments of gene expression and production of cytokines in BAL cells. The explanation of C. sinensis antiasthma function may involved the following(1)C.sinenesis contained immunomodulatory agents that stimulated IFN-γand IL-12 expression in TH1cells.(2)Enhanced secretion of IFN-γand IL-12 will inhibit the Tγcells immune responses Ex. Decreasing of IL-6 and IL-10 production.(3) The impairments of cytokines production in TH2 cells suppressed th BAL cells proliferation then more cytokines production Ex.IL-1β,PAF,IL-6,TNF-αand IL-8 in activated BAL cells were decreased. (4)The suppression of TH2cells immune responses will inhibit the growth and differentiation of B cells then IgE production will be decreased. (5)Reduced production of IgE will decreased asthma attack occurring in individuals. However, the results of the present study suggested that C. sinensis may also have acted to treat asthma in part by inhibiting BAL cells proliferation and cytokine gene expression and production. Future, experiments with treatment of animals with asthma with C. sinensis will be necessary to defined whether C. sinensis can reduce asthma injury. Plans are underway for the isolation of pure principal growth inhibitors and their mechanisms of action are subjected for further study.

Reversible Data Hiding Scheme for VQ Indices Based on Absolute Difference Trees

( Chin-chen Chang ),( Thai-son Nguyen ),( Chia-chen Lin ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2014 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.8 No.7

Reversible data hiding is a technique for recovering original images without any distortion after secret data are extracted from the image. The technique continues to attract attention from many researchers. In this paper, we introduce a new reversible data hiding scheme based on the adjacent index differences of vector quantization (VQ) indices. The proposed scheme exploits the differences between two adjacent indices to embed secret data. Experimental results show that our scheme can achieve a lower compression rate than an earlier scheme by Yang and Lin. Our scheme`s average compression rate, 0.44 bpp, outperforms that of Yang and Lin`s scheme, which averages 0.53 bpp. Moreover, the embedding capacity of our scheme can rise to 1.45 bpi, which also is superior to that of Chang et al.`s scheme [35] (1.00 bpi)Yang and Lin`s scheme [27] (0.91 bpi) as well as Chang et al.`s scheme [26] (0.74 bpi).

Carbon Dioxide Absorption into NaOH Solution in a Cross-flow Rotating Packed Bed

Chia-Chang Lin,Bor-Chi Chen 한국공업화학회 2007 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.13 No.7

A cross-flow rotating packed bed (RPB) was applied to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) by NaOH solution from gaseous streams. The cross-flow RPB has an inner radius of 2.4 cm, an outer radius of 4.4 cm and an axial height of 12.0 cm. Wire mesh was used as packings. Rotor speeds ranged from 540 to 1600 rpm, providing 11∼97 equivalent gravitational force. The removal efficiency of CO2 was determined at various values of operating parameters, including the rotor speed, gas flow rate, liquid flow rate, and NaOH concentration. Our experimental results demonstrated that the removal efficiency of CO2 increased with the rotor speed, liquid flow rate and NaOH concentration; however, decreased with the gas flow rate. Furthermore, a cross-flow RPB provides a reduction in the dosage of the NaOH solution for CO2 absorption, suggesting that a cross-flow RPB has a great potential in the removal of CO2 from the exhausted gases.

Characteristics of cross-flow rotating packed beds

Chia-Chang Lin,Bor-Chi Chen 한국공업화학회 2008 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.14 No.3

This work examined pressure drop and mass transfer of the cross-flow rotating packed bed (RPB) using absorption of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from gas. As to pressure drop, the gas flow rate was observed to be a more important factor than the rotor speed and the liquid flow rate due to less liquid holdup in the cross-flow RPB. The overall volumetric gas-phase mass transfer coefficients (KGα) were determined as a function of the rotor speed, the gas flow rate and the liquid flow rate. The dependences of KGα on the gas flow rate and the liquid flow rate indicated that the resistance to mass transfer in the liquid phase for CO₂ absorption was higher than that in the gas phase in the cross-flow RPB. Moreover, the obtained results demonstrated that the KGa values of the cross-flow RPB were comparable to those of the countercurrent-flow RPB, suggesting a great potential of the cross-flow RPB applied to the removal of CO₂ from gaseous streams.

Changes in Glucose Metabolism after Adrenalectomy or Treatment with a Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist for Primary Aldosteronism

Yu-Fang Lin,Kang-Yung Peng,Chia-Hui Chang,Ya-Hui Hu,Vin-Cent Wu,Shiu-Dong Chung,Taiwan Primary Aldosteronism Investigation (TAIPAI) Study Group 대한내분비학회 2020 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.35 No.4

Background: Data on the effects of excess aldosterone on glucose metabolism are inconsistent. This study compared the changes in glucose metabolism in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) after adrenalectomy or treatment with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA). Methods: Overall, 241 patients were enrolled; 153 underwent adrenalectomy and 88 received an MRA. Fasting glucose, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) were compared between the treatment groups after 1 year. Plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and factors determining HOMA-IR and PAC were evaluated. Results: No baseline differences were observed between the groups. Fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β increased in both groups and there were no significant differences in fasting glucose following treatment. Multiple regression analysis showed associations between PAC and HOMA-IR (β=0.172, P=0.017) after treatment. Treatment with spironolactone was the only risk factor associated with PAC >30 ng/dL (odds ratio, 5.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7 to 10; P<0.001) and conferred a 2.48-fold risk of insulin resistance after 1 year compared with surgery (95% CI, 1.3 to 4.8; P=0.007). Conclusion: Spironolactone treatment might increase insulin resistance in patients with PA. This strengthened the current recommendation that adrenalectomy is the preferred strategy for patient with positive lateralization test. Achieving a post-treatment PAC of <30 ng/dL for improved insulin sensitivity may be appropriate.

Mass Transfer Characteristics of a High-voidage Rotating Packed Bed

Chia Chang Lin,Wen Tzong Liu 한국공업화학회 2007 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.13 No.1

Daily Tourist Arrivals, Exchange Rates and Volatility for Korea and Taiwan

Chia Lin Chang,Michael Mcaleer 한국경제학회 2009 The Korean Economic Review Vol.25 No.2

INVESTIGATING THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRAND LOYALTY IN BRAND COMMUNITIES FROM A POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY PERSPECTIVE

Chia-Wu Lin,Kai-Yu Wang,Shu-Hao Chang,Jin-An Lin 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

Brand communities have been increasingly used by marketers to build brands. A brand community can be defined as a “…group of consumers with a shared enthusiasm for the brand and a well-developed social identity, whose members engage jointly in group actions to accomplish collective goals and/or express mutual sentiments and commitments” (Bagozzi and Dholakia, 2006, p. 45). Recent research on brand communities has begun to identify the importance of consumers’ psychological processes in regard to developing successful brand communities. Based on the flow theory from positive psychology, we propose that flow could be generated by brand community characteristics and plays an important role in influencing brand community members’ attitudes toward the brand. Specifically, we propose a model that identifies brand community characteristics (i.e., community cohesiveness and information quality) that produce flow experience and how the flow experience impacts brand identification and brand loyalty. Members from 31 automobile brand communities participated in this survey study, and 580 validated questionnaires were returned. Structural Equation Model was used to test the research hypotheses. The results show that community cohesiveness and information quality positively directly influence brand identification and also indirectly influence brand identification via flow. Flow also positively influences members’ brand identification and, subsequently, impacts brand loyalty. The results from our research contribute to the branding, brand community, and flow theory literature.

Feasibility of using a rotating packed bed in preparing coupled ZnO/SnO2 photocatalysts

Chia-Chang Lin,Yu-Ju Chiang 한국공업화학회 2012 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.18 No.4

In this work, coupled ZnO/SnO2 photocatalysts were prepared in a rotating packed bed (RPB) via coprecipitation. The precursors of coupled ZnO/SnO2 photocatalysts were formed from solutions of zinc sulfate, tin tetrachloride and sodium hydroxide. The calcinations of these precursors yielded coupled ZnO/SnO2 photocatalysts. The effect of calcination temperature on the characteristics and photocatalytic activity of coupled ZnO/SnO2 photocatalysts was studied. The photocatalytic activity of coupled ZnO/SnO2 photocatalysts was evaluated using the photocatalytic decolorization of methylene blue. The experimental results reveal that coupled ZnO/SnO2 photocatalysts that were obtained by calcination at 600 8C for 10 h were the most efficient in decolorizing methylene blue.

Removal of ozone from air by absorption in a rotating packed bed

Chia-Chang Lin,Cheng-Yu Chao,Mei-Yun Liu 한국공업화학회 2010 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.16 No.1

This work investigated the feasibility of ozone (O3) absorption by H2O2 solution in a rotating packed bed (RPB). The overall volumetric gas-phase mass transfer coefficients (KGa) were determined as functions of pH of H2O2 solution, O3 concentration, H2O2 concentration, RPB speed, gas flowrate, liquid flow rate, and RPB type. The KGa values were highly dependent on the pH of H2O2 solution. Also, the KGa values increased with O3 concentration and H2O2 concentration. As expected, the RPB speed positively affected the KGa values for all RPBs. Furthermore, the obtained results indicated that the KGa values increased as the inner radius of the bed was increased and the outer radius of the bed was decreased. Moreover, the KGa values increased with an increasing liquid flow rate and an increasing gas flow rate for all RPBs. The dependences of KGa on the gas flow rate and the liquid flow rate indicated that the resistance to mass transfer in the gas-phase for O3 absorption was higher than that in the liquid phase in the RPB.