How 2020-2021 Changed the Life Perspectives of Composer Chihchun Chi-sun Lee

( Michael Sidney Timpson ),( Chichchun Chi-sun Lee ) 한국음악학학회 2021 음악학 Vol.29 No.2

대만계 미국인 작곡가 치천 지선 리는 서울에 거주는 프리랜서 작곡가이다. 치천 지선 리는 보스턴 심포니 오케스트라의 위촉을 받은 최초의 대만 작곡가이자, 2001년과 2018년 하버드 대학교 프롬 음악 재단의 위촉을 받고, 2015년에는 구겐하임 펠로우를 받은 세계적인 작곡가이다. 세계를 횡단하며 활동하던 작곡가 치천 지선 리는 코로나 19가 가져온 전지구적 영향으로 연주자들과 함께하는 리허설, 관객을 대상으로 하는 무대가 불가능해지면서 작곡가로서의 일상에 큰 변화를 겪었다. 계속해서 여러 음악 단체들과 협연을 기획하며 연주 활동을 이어가야 하는 프리랜서 작곡가에게는 치명적인 영향이 아닐 수 없다. 이 글은 코로나 19가 전 지구를 휩쓴 지난 2년 치천 지선 리가 프리랜서 작곡가로서 겪을 수밖에 없었던 활동의 변화와 그럼에도 악착같이 작곡을 이어나간 그녀의 창작활동을 소개한다. 치천 지선 리는 코로나 19가 가져온 위기를 기회로 바꾸어 디지털 기술을 활용해 물리적 제한 없이 더욱 다양한 지역의 사람들과 소통했다. 코로나 19는 전지구적 단위에서 현재 벌어지고 있는 여러 사회 현안들을 보다 자세하게 들여다볼 기회를 제공했다. 성공적인 코로나 방역을 자랑하지만 여전히 세계정치에서 소외된 그녀의 모국 대만, 미국의 치열한 정치와 선거, 다양한 지역의 전통 민요와 동요 등은 팬데믹 시기 치천 지선 리가 새로 발견하고 경험한 작곡의 원천이다. Taiwanese American Chichun Chi-sun Lee is a freelance composer who resides in Seoul, South Korea. She was the first Taiwanese composer to be commissioned by the Boston Symphony Orchestra and she was also commissioned by the Fromm Music Foundation at Harvard University, in both 2001 and 2018. Additionally, Lee received the prestigious Guggenheim Fellow in 2015. These great honors prove that she was approaching a milestone of a successful composition career. However, COVID-19, which has affected all universally, breaks her routine to succeed in her carrier as a composer who inevitably requires social gathering for rehearsal, practice, and live performance. This paper demonstrates how Chichun Chi-sun Lee as a freelancer composer overcame the worldwide lockdown via COVID-19 and created her musical pieces during the last two years. She has turned the crisis into opportunities and took advantage of technologies to communicate much globally without physical restriction. Moreover, pandemic gave her a chance to look at the issues in globalized society under the microscope. She shares what she has produced during the last two years through experiences in her native country Taiwan which has successfully prevented COVID-19 but is still alienated from global society, fraught elections and politicizing in the US, and multi-local traditional folk music and plays she has found through digital media.

Analysis on the Amino Acid Distributions with Position in Transmembrane Proteins

Chi, Sang-Mun 한국데이터정보과학회 2005 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.16 No.4

This paper presents a statistical analysis on the position-specific distributions of amino acid residues in transmembrane proteins. A hidden Markov model segments membrane proteins to produce segmented regions of homogeneous statistical property from variable-length amino acids sequences. These segmented residues are analyzed by using chi-square statistic and relative-entropy in order to find position-specific amino acids. This analysis showed that isoleucine and valine concentrated on the center of membrane-spanning regions, tryptophan, tyrosine and positive residues were found frequently near both ends of membrane.

Correction: Rewritable full-color computer-generated holograms based on color-selective diffractive optical components including phase-change materials

Hwang, Chi-Young,Kim, Gi Heon,Yang, Jong-Heon,Hwang, Chi-Sun,Cho, Seong M.,Lee, Won-Jae,Pi, Jae-Eun,Choi, Ji Hun,Choi, Kyunghee,Kim, Hee-Ok,Lee, Seung-Yeol,Kim, Yong-Hae The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Nanoscale Vol.10 No.47

<P>Correction for ‘Rewritable full-color computer-generated holograms based on color-selective diffractive optical components including phase-change materials’ by Chi-Young Hwang <I>et al.</I>, <I>Nanoscale</I>, 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04471f.</P>

대원군 집권기의 축성에 관한 연구

서치상(Seo, Chi-Sang) 대한건축학회 2013 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.29 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the funds and executional organizations of the castle-reconstructions promoted by the Regent Daewon-gun(大院君) from 1866 to 1873. Furthermore this paper aims to examine the renewed structural systems of the castles at the time. Since Byeongin-yangyo(丙寅洋擾), the French Invasion in 1866, Daewon-gun gave orders to repair and to consolidate the castles, especially focused on the costal zones of Chulla-do(全羅道) and Gyeongsang-do(慶尙道), for defending against the invasions by Western and Japanese troops. The royal secret commissioners dispatched to each province evaluated the results of the castle-reconstructions. The funds were prepared by the donation of the officials, inhabitants and Buddhist monks in each province. The special technical experts worked in the fields of the reconstruction or newly constructions of ong-seong(甕城), chi-seong(雉城) and po-roo(砲樓). The systems of the castles were reformed on the base of the application of gunners and the theories of Minbo-ron(民堡論).

An Empirical Study of Qualities of Association Rules from a Statistical View Point

Dorn, Maryann,Hou, Wen-Chi,Che, Dunren,Jiang, Zhewei Korea Information Processing Society 2008 Journal of information processing systems Vol.4 No.1

Minimum support and confidence have been used as criteria for generating association rules in all association rule mining algorithms. These criteria have their natural appeals, such as simplicity; few researchers have suspected the quality of generated rules. In this paper, we examine the rules from a more rigorous point of view by conducting statistical tests. Specifically, we use contingency tables and chi-square test to analyze the data. Experimental results show that one third of the association rules derived based on the support and confidence criteria are not significant, that is, the antecedent and consequent of the rules are not correlated. It indicates that minimum support and minimum confidence do not provide adequate discovery of meaningful associations. The chi-square test can be considered as an enhancement or an alternative solution.

Extended use of Prostate Health Index and percentage of [-2]pro-prostate-specific antigen in Chinese men with prostate specific antigen 10–20 ng/mL and normal digital rectal examination

Peter Ka-Fung Chiu,Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh,Wai-Man Lee,Chi-Hang Yee,Eddie Shu-Yin Chan,See-Ming Hou,Chi-Fai Ng 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.5

Purpose: We investigated the extended use of Prostate Health Index (PHI) and percentage of [-2]pro-prostate-specific antigen (%p2PSA) in Chinese men with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 10–20 ng/mL and normal digital rectal examination (DRE). Materials and Methods: All consecutive Chinese men with PSA 10–20 ng/mL and normal DRE who agreed for transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided 10-core prostate biopsy were recruited. Blood samples were taken immediately before TRUS-guided prostate biopsy. The performances of total PSA (tPSA), %free-to-total PSA (%fPSA), %p2PSA, and PHI were compared using logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic, and decision curve analyses (DCA). Results: From 2008 to 2015, 312 consecutive Chinese men were included. Among them, 53 out of 312 (17.0%) men were diagnosed to have prostate cancer on biopsy. The proportions of men with positive biopsies were 6.7% in PHI<35, 22.8% in PHI 35–55, and 54.5% in PHI>55 (chi-square test, p<0.001). The area under curves (AUC) of the base model including age, tPSA and status of initial/repeated biopsy was 0.64. Adding %p2PSA and PHI to the base model improved the AUC to 0.79 (p<0.001) and 0.78 (p<0.001), respectively, and provided net clinical benefit in DCA. The positive biopsy rates of Gleason 7 or above prostate cancers were 2.2% for PHI<35, 7.9% for PHI 35–55, and 36.4% for PHI>55 (chi-square test, p<0.001). By utilizing the PHI cutoff of 35 to men with PSA 10–20 ng/mL and normal DRE, 57.1% (178 of 312) biopsies could be avoided. Conclusions: Both PHI and %p2PSA performed well in predicting prostate cancer and high grade prostate cancer. The use of PHI and %p2PSA should be extended to Chinese men with PSA 10–20 ng/mL and normal DRE.

中国电影投融资的法律规制初探

?赤?(Han, Chi Feng),?德?(Zhang, De Shuang) 영남대학교 중국연구센터 2014 중국과 중국학 Vol.22 No.-

최근에 중국영화의 폭발적인 증가 추세에 따라 중국의 영화시장에는 원래 없었던 번영이 나타났다. 그와 동시에 중국영화의 투자·융자 방식도 중대한 변화가 일어났다. 즉, 국가투자를 위주로 하였던 영화시장에서 사적 자본이 대규모적으로 몰려왔다. 충족한 자금에 의거하여 중국영화의 연간 생산량이 500편에 달하게 되었지만 사실 그 중에 50%도 채 안 되는 영화가 개봉될 수 있다. 영화자금이 진정 국민 문화생활을 풍부하게 하는 자금이 될 수 있도록 중국영화의 개방적인 확장을 어떻게 억제하는가 하는 점이 중국이 당면하고 있는 문제가 되고 있다. 중국 영화의 투자·융자 경로는 주로 뱅크 론(bank loan), 영화 전문기금, 영화예매 융자, 증권시장 융자와 사모펀드 등이 있다. 각각 장단점이 있는 위와 같은 여러 경로들이 공동적으로 중국 영화산업의 운영을 뒷받침 하고 있다. 그 중에 사모펀드는 세계 각국 특히 영화산업선진국이 일반적으로 인정하고 취하고 있는 방식이며 중국에서도 급부상하고 있는 융자방식이다. 영화기금의 발전은 양호한 영화금융환경을 필요로 한다. 이 모든 것은 법률규제와 매우 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있다. 중국에서 영화 투자·융자에 관한 법률·법규가 이미 많이 공포되고 있지만 아직 여러 측면에서 세계적인 선진수준에 뒤지고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 진일보로 영화의 투자·융자 경로를 확장하고 기존의 영화 투자·융자를 규범화하는 가장 좋은 방법은 그에 관한 법제 정비의 추진을 가속화하는 것이다. In recent years, the Chinese film market has entered a period of prosperity as the explosive rise in the field, however, the investment and financing system of the Chinese film market changes in the same time. More and more film are invested by social capital instead of Chinese government. The pouring of social capital is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, the quantity of films grows to 500 per year, on the other hand, less than half of those films would finally be cinematic released. How to restrain the extensive growth and make the fund truly enrich people’s cultural life has been put in front of the public. The investment and financing of the Chinese film at the moment mainly contains bank loans, special film fund, film pre-sale financing, securities market financing, and private equity financing. These ways of financing all have their advantages and disadvantages, and they together support the operation of Chinese film industry. Private equity financing, among them, has been accepted and applied widely around the world, especially in those countries with highly developed film industry, and it becomes more and more popular in China, too. Developing the film fund is based on a healthy environment of financing, which is inseparable from regulations and laws. China has issued many relevant policies and regulations, however, it is behind the world level in many aspects. Therefore, to accelerate the construction of relevant legal system is the best way to broaden the financing methods and regulate the existence ones.

試論臺灣《國家語言發展法》 與中國大陸《國家通用語言文字法》之比較

李憶琦(Lee, Yi-chi),韓容洙(Han,Yong-su) 중국어문학연구회 2020 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.123

Modern countries under the rule of law promote the popularization of common languages and the protection and inheritance of languages used by different groups through the formulation of language policies and related laws. Both Taiwan and mainland China are multi-ethnic and multilingual society, and formulated their own language policies and regulations based on their different social environments. “Development of National Languages Act” of Taiwan was formally promulgated on January 9, 2019. There are a total of 18 regulations that set the goal of inheriting and sustaining the development of multilingual culture and protecting the rights of education, communication and public services of all ethnic groups using different languages, and this law based on the perspective of language preservation and sustainable development, respect the diversity of language and culture, and implement the spirit of cultural equality. Mainland China’s “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language” was revised and adopted at the 18th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People’s Congress on October 31, 2000, and took effects on January 1, 2001. There are 4 chapters and 28 regulations. It mainly includes the use, management and supervision of mandarin. Its purpose is to accelerate the standardization and healthy development of the national language, promote the mandarin plays a better role in social life, and economic and cultural exchanges among all ethnic groups and regions. Both laws are formulated basing on the social structure and development. Although the reasons are different, they both explain and guarantee the “national language”. It has not been sufficiently studied that compare Taiwan’s “Development of National Languages Act” and mainland China’s “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language”. Different from previous studies that have separately studied each language policy, this article is based on the two laws, try to compare the similarities and differences, and discuss the background, enactment, and impact on the society of the two laws, as a reference for further research.

越南陶瓷的漢喃文字特徵

阮文戰(Nguy?n V?n Chi?n) 한국교통대학교 동아시아연구소 2017 동아문헌연구 Vol.- No.-

電影藝術應以啟迪人心的 「真、 善、 美」 為最高理想

Fang Chun chi(方俊吉) 대한철학회 2015 哲學硏究 Vol.136 No.-

영화는 곧 하나의 종합적인 창작예술이다. 그것은 우리들에게 시각과 청각을 긴밀하게 결합한 감상작품을 제공한다. 영화는 감상 중에 지난 일들의 옳고 그름을 반성하게 하며, 감상한 후에 무한한 창의성과 상상력을 주기도 한다. 그리고 영화의 줄거리와 대사가 감상자의 사유논리를 바꾸고, 심지어는 가치관까지도 바꿀 수 있다. 주인공의 인물상, 복식, 행동거지, 노래와 춤 등은 그 시대의 유행을 이끌어간다. 총체적으로 말하여 잘 만들어진 영화는 감상자들 스스로도 모르는 사이에 그들을 감화시키는 역량을 가지고 있다. 그러므로 영화창작 예술은 말할 필요 없이 사회교육의 책임을 가질 수밖에 없다. 영화는 극본의 구상으로부터 중심주제, 줄거리의 기승전결, 등장인물들 대화의 배열, 배역에 대한 배우의 표현(해석), 삽입음악, 무용과 심지어 상관되는 배경, 도구, 복식, 화장, 음향효과 등에 이르기까지 감상자들에게 영향을 미칠 수 있기 때문에, 모든 영화창작예술은 인간 본성의 眞善美 계발을 최고이상으로 삼아야 한다. "Film" is a comprehensive art. It not only provides people with a blend of visual and auditory ornamental works, but the process of watching some movies can guide people to look back and reflect on all the rights and wrongs in their past. Some films, can stimulate people's unlimited creativity and reveries; some movies, the plot or the dialogue can change the viewer's thinking logic, even values; some of the film's character modeling, costumes and even manners, song and dance, are able to lead fashion trends﹒ Overall, a successful film always enforces a subtle yet extensive influence on its viewers. Therefore, the film making industry should take the creation of movie arts no less seriously than the responsibility of educating and culturing the society, bar none. We believe that with the making of any movie production, from script ideas, highlighting topics, fine-tuning the dramatic plot, the character dialogue choreography, and the actor for the role of interpretation, interspersed with music or dance, to the background, props, costumes, makeup, soundtrack and other facilities, the whole production of the film is an art creation that, when presented to the viewers, should inspire the pursuit of "Truth, Good, and Beauty" of humanity as the highest ideal.