How 2020-2021 Changed the Life Perspectives of Composer Chihchun Chi-sun Lee

( Michael Sidney Timpson ),( Chichchun Chi-sun Lee ) 한국음악학학회 2021 음악학 Vol.29 No.2

대만계 미국인 작곡가 치천 지선 리는 서울에 거주는 프리랜서 작곡가이다. 치천 지선 리는 보스턴 심포니 오케스트라의 위촉을 받은 최초의 대만 작곡가이자, 2001년과 2018년 하버드 대학교 프롬 음악 재단의 위촉을 받고, 2015년에는 구겐하임 펠로우를 받은 세계적인 작곡가이다. 세계를 횡단하며 활동하던 작곡가 치천 지선 리는 코로나 19가 가져온 전지구적 영향으로 연주자들과 함께하는 리허설, 관객을 대상으로 하는 무대가 불가능해지면서 작곡가로서의 일상에 큰 변화를 겪었다. 계속해서 여러 음악 단체들과 협연을 기획하며 연주 활동을 이어가야 하는 프리랜서 작곡가에게는 치명적인 영향이 아닐 수 없다. 이 글은 코로나 19가 전 지구를 휩쓴 지난 2년 치천 지선 리가 프리랜서 작곡가로서 겪을 수밖에 없었던 활동의 변화와 그럼에도 악착같이 작곡을 이어나간 그녀의 창작활동을 소개한다. 치천 지선 리는 코로나 19가 가져온 위기를 기회로 바꾸어 디지털 기술을 활용해 물리적 제한 없이 더욱 다양한 지역의 사람들과 소통했다. 코로나 19는 전지구적 단위에서 현재 벌어지고 있는 여러 사회 현안들을 보다 자세하게 들여다볼 기회를 제공했다. 성공적인 코로나 방역을 자랑하지만 여전히 세계정치에서 소외된 그녀의 모국 대만, 미국의 치열한 정치와 선거, 다양한 지역의 전통 민요와 동요 등은 팬데믹 시기 치천 지선 리가 새로 발견하고 경험한 작곡의 원천이다. Taiwanese American Chichun Chi-sun Lee is a freelance composer who resides in Seoul, South Korea. She was the first Taiwanese composer to be commissioned by the Boston Symphony Orchestra and she was also commissioned by the Fromm Music Foundation at Harvard University, in both 2001 and 2018. Additionally, Lee received the prestigious Guggenheim Fellow in 2015. These great honors prove that she was approaching a milestone of a successful composition career. However, COVID-19, which has affected all universally, breaks her routine to succeed in her carrier as a composer who inevitably requires social gathering for rehearsal, practice, and live performance. This paper demonstrates how Chichun Chi-sun Lee as a freelancer composer overcame the worldwide lockdown via COVID-19 and created her musical pieces during the last two years. She has turned the crisis into opportunities and took advantage of technologies to communicate much globally without physical restriction. Moreover, pandemic gave her a chance to look at the issues in globalized society under the microscope. She shares what she has produced during the last two years through experiences in her native country Taiwan which has successfully prevented COVID-19 but is still alienated from global society, fraught elections and politicizing in the US, and multi-local traditional folk music and plays she has found through digital media.

Analysis on the Amino Acid Distributions with Position in Transmembrane Proteins

Chi, Sang-Mun 한국데이터정보과학회 2005 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.16 No.4

This paper presents a statistical analysis on the position-specific distributions of amino acid residues in transmembrane proteins. A hidden Markov model segments membrane proteins to produce segmented regions of homogeneous statistical property from variable-length amino acids sequences. These segmented residues are analyzed by using chi-square statistic and relative-entropy in order to find position-specific amino acids. This analysis showed that isoleucine and valine concentrated on the center of membrane-spanning regions, tryptophan, tyrosine and positive residues were found frequently near both ends of membrane.

Correction: Rewritable full-color computer-generated holograms based on color-selective diffractive optical components including phase-change materials

Hwang, Chi-Young,Kim, Gi Heon,Yang, Jong-Heon,Hwang, Chi-Sun,Cho, Seong M.,Lee, Won-Jae,Pi, Jae-Eun,Choi, Ji Hun,Choi, Kyunghee,Kim, Hee-Ok,Lee, Seung-Yeol,Kim, Yong-Hae The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Nanoscale Vol.10 No.47

<P>Correction for ‘Rewritable full-color computer-generated holograms based on color-selective diffractive optical components including phase-change materials’ by Chi-Young Hwang <I>et al.</I>, <I>Nanoscale</I>, 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04471f.</P>

대원군 집권기의 축성에 관한 연구

서치상(Seo, Chi-Sang) 대한건축학회 2013 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.29 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the funds and executional organizations of the castle-reconstructions promoted by the Regent Daewon-gun(大院君) from 1866 to 1873. Furthermore this paper aims to examine the renewed structural systems of the castles at the time. Since Byeongin-yangyo(丙寅洋擾), the French Invasion in 1866, Daewon-gun gave orders to repair and to consolidate the castles, especially focused on the costal zones of Chulla-do(全羅道) and Gyeongsang-do(慶尙道), for defending against the invasions by Western and Japanese troops. The royal secret commissioners dispatched to each province evaluated the results of the castle-reconstructions. The funds were prepared by the donation of the officials, inhabitants and Buddhist monks in each province. The special technical experts worked in the fields of the reconstruction or newly constructions of ong-seong(甕城), chi-seong(雉城) and po-roo(砲樓). The systems of the castles were reformed on the base of the application of gunners and the theories of Minbo-ron(民堡論).

An Empirical Study of Qualities of Association Rules from a Statistical View Point

Dorn, Maryann,Hou, Wen-Chi,Che, Dunren,Jiang, Zhewei Korea Information Processing Society 2008 Journal of information processing systems Vol.4 No.1

Minimum support and confidence have been used as criteria for generating association rules in all association rule mining algorithms. These criteria have their natural appeals, such as simplicity; few researchers have suspected the quality of generated rules. In this paper, we examine the rules from a more rigorous point of view by conducting statistical tests. Specifically, we use contingency tables and chi-square test to analyze the data. Experimental results show that one third of the association rules derived based on the support and confidence criteria are not significant, that is, the antecedent and consequent of the rules are not correlated. It indicates that minimum support and minimum confidence do not provide adequate discovery of meaningful associations. The chi-square test can be considered as an enhancement or an alternative solution.

Extended use of Prostate Health Index and percentage of [-2]pro-prostate-specific antigen in Chinese men with prostate specific antigen 10–20 ng/mL and normal digital rectal examination

Peter Ka-Fung Chiu,Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh,Wai-Man Lee,Chi-Hang Yee,Eddie Shu-Yin Chan,See-Ming Hou,Chi-Fai Ng 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.5

Purpose: We investigated the extended use of Prostate Health Index (PHI) and percentage of [-2]pro-prostate-specific antigen (%p2PSA) in Chinese men with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 10–20 ng/mL and normal digital rectal examination (DRE). Materials and Methods: All consecutive Chinese men with PSA 10–20 ng/mL and normal DRE who agreed for transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided 10-core prostate biopsy were recruited. Blood samples were taken immediately before TRUS-guided prostate biopsy. The performances of total PSA (tPSA), %free-to-total PSA (%fPSA), %p2PSA, and PHI were compared using logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic, and decision curve analyses (DCA). Results: From 2008 to 2015, 312 consecutive Chinese men were included. Among them, 53 out of 312 (17.0%) men were diagnosed to have prostate cancer on biopsy. The proportions of men with positive biopsies were 6.7% in PHI<35, 22.8% in PHI 35–55, and 54.5% in PHI>55 (chi-square test, p<0.001). The area under curves (AUC) of the base model including age, tPSA and status of initial/repeated biopsy was 0.64. Adding %p2PSA and PHI to the base model improved the AUC to 0.79 (p<0.001) and 0.78 (p<0.001), respectively, and provided net clinical benefit in DCA. The positive biopsy rates of Gleason 7 or above prostate cancers were 2.2% for PHI<35, 7.9% for PHI 35–55, and 36.4% for PHI>55 (chi-square test, p<0.001). By utilizing the PHI cutoff of 35 to men with PSA 10–20 ng/mL and normal DRE, 57.1% (178 of 312) biopsies could be avoided. Conclusions: Both PHI and %p2PSA performed well in predicting prostate cancer and high grade prostate cancer. The use of PHI and %p2PSA should be extended to Chinese men with PSA 10–20 ng/mL and normal DRE.

Detecting Item Bias Using an Item Response Theory(IRT) Model

Chi, Eunlim 경희대학교 부설 교육문제연구소 1997 論文集 - 경희대학교 교육문제연구소 Vol.12 No.1

This study examined item bias occurring in a. language test which administered to two groups. The two groups could be divided into Koreans and Americans based upon their first Language background. The language test used in this paper was Word Analysis of ITBS. This intended to examine item bias caused by the background of the first language. Item bias in the language test was explored by using an item response theory model. Specifically, Rasch model which was one-parameter logistic model among item response theory models was applied to calibrate items. The difficulty measures of items which were calibrated by the Rasch measurement helped to obtain the accurate comparison of groups by the invariance of item difficulty measures. In calibrating items, the computer program MSCALE was used. The two groups were compared for item difficulty measures which were obtained by MSCALE. The comparison was made by the computer program IPARM using chi-square statistics. The results identified five items as having significantly large group differences. That is, the five items had different difficulty measures for the two groups. The distractor analysis and the content analysis for the five items revealed that the linguistic background of the two groups affected item difficulties. This suggests that items can be biased against a group due to the linguistic backgrounds of groups. These results showed that item bias caused by ethnic characteristics could be well identified by using an item response theory model. By the objective measures provided by an item response theory model, item bias can be more accurately identified, This means that an item response theory model can be a useful technique for examining item bias. Many techniques for investigating item bias are developed, but it was a problem that they use raw scores. When raw scores are used, the findings about item bias can depend on samples or items used. Therefore, the application of item response theory is required for the objective finding. In addition, the results demonstrated how the factors causing item bias could be explained. The explanation of the factors is more meaningful in studying item bias since the explanation of the factors can help to understand the group characteristics. The understanding of group characteristics can improve teaching and learning for the group. The examination of item bias is required not only for making tests fair but also for improving teaching and learning.

Identifying the more suitable nostril for nasotracheal intubation using radiographs

Chi, Seong In,Park, Sookyung,Joo, Li-Ah,Shin, Teo Jeon,Kim, Hyun Jeong,Seo, Kwang-Suk The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology 2016 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.16 No.2

Background: One nostril must be selected for nasotracheal intubation. In some cases, structural anomalies within the nasal cavity hinder the insertion of the tube or complications, such as epistaxis, develop. This study examined the possibility of using radiography to select the nostril that would induce fewer complications. Methods: Four hundred and five patients who underwent nasotracheal intubation under general anesthesia were studied. A 7.0-mm internal diameter nasal right angle endotracheal (RAE) tube and 6.5-mm internal diameter nasal RAE tube were inserted into men and women, respectively. Complications were considered to have developed in cases in which insertion of the tube into the nasal cavity failed or epistaxis occurred. The tube was inserted into the other nostril for insertion failures and hemostasis was performed in cases of epistaxis. The degree of nasal septal deviation was determined from posteroanterior skull radiographs or panoramic radiographs; the incidence of complications was compared depending on the direction of the septal deviation and the intubated nostril. Results: The radiographs of 390 patients were readable; 94 had nasal septum deviation. The incidence of complications for cases without nasal septum deviation was 16.9%, that for cases in which the tube was inserted into the nostril on the opposite side of the deviation was 18.5%, and that for cases in which the tube was inserted into the nostril with the deviation was 35.0%, showing a high incidence of complications when intubation is performed through the nostril with septum deviation (chi-square test, P < 0.05 ). Conclusions: Although there were no differences in the incidence rates of complications between intubation through the left nostril and that through the right nostril, radiological findings indicated that incidence of complications significantly increased when the tube was inserted into the nostril with the septum deviation.

群己之間

黃雅琦(Huang Ya-chi) 대한철학회 2017 哲學硏究 Vol.143 No.-

유가는 중국의 주류 문화를 대표한다. 그런데 유가의 집단과 개인의 관계에 관한 연구와 제도 규범에 대한 연구는 그 내용이 충분할 뿐만 아니라, 역사 또한 오래되었다. 유가사상 가운데에는 풍부한 관리 관념을 함축하고 있는데, 이것은 우리들이 전통문화를 제대로 인식하고 지역 색채를 갖춘 관리학을 수립하는 데에 중요한 자산이 된다. 맹자와 순자는 모두 공자의 학문을 계승하였지만, 차별적인 두 가지의 유학 경로를 이루게 된다. 이 둘은 같으면서도 다르고, 다르면서도 같은 점을 지니고 있다. 맹자와 순자는 교묘하게 자신들의 한계를 피해 나간다. 이 글은 맹자와 순자사상을 연구의 범위로 하고, 총5개의 부분으로 논의를 진행한다. 제1절에서는 문제를 제기하고, 제2절에서는 외연적 요소로부터 맹자와 순자의 관리사유의 생성배경을 검토하며, 제3절에서는 내재적인 논리로써 기본적인 가설을 살펴본다. 그리고 제4절에서는 논리구조를 분석하고, 제5절에서는 앞의 논의를 총체적으로 매듭지으면서 맹자와 순자의 관리사유의 진전과정과 상대적인 한계를 제시하고자 한다. 우리는 전통적인 공자의 생각을 ‘관리’의 관점에서 재검토하여 유가사상의 변치 않는 의의를 드러내보이고자 한다. Confucianism acts as the representative of Chinese mainstream cultures. Its research on the relation between groups and individuals, and about norms of the system is not only complete but of a long history. And its abundant management thoughts are important assets for us to know traditional culture and construct the management study of local colors. Menzi and Xunzi both inherit Confucianism but evolve into two Confucian paths of different scenarios. Both of them are different despite sameness, and are the same despite differences. Both are artistic all right, but have their imitation. This article aims to use Mengzi thoughts and Xunzi thoughts as a study domain. The study includes five sections. The first section as an introduction presents problems. The second section uses extrinsic factors to research the birth ground of Menzi, Xunzi management thoughts. The third section examines its basic presumptions in terms of inner logic. The fifth section analyzes its logical structure, and in this section the previous sections are concluded, presenting the possible development and relative limitations of Mengzi, Xunzi management thoughts. It is expected that we can re-examine traditional Confucius thoughts from the angle of management, renewing Confucius thoughts constantly in different ages.

電影藝術應以啟迪人心的 「真、 善、 美」 為最高理想

Fang Chun chi(方俊吉) 대한철학회 2015 哲學硏究 Vol.136 No.-

영화는 곧 하나의 종합적인 창작예술이다. 그것은 우리들에게 시각과 청각을 긴밀하게 결합한 감상작품을 제공한다. 영화는 감상 중에 지난 일들의 옳고 그름을 반성하게 하며, 감상한 후에 무한한 창의성과 상상력을 주기도 한다. 그리고 영화의 줄거리와 대사가 감상자의 사유논리를 바꾸고, 심지어는 가치관까지도 바꿀 수 있다. 주인공의 인물상, 복식, 행동거지, 노래와 춤 등은 그 시대의 유행을 이끌어간다. 총체적으로 말하여 잘 만들어진 영화는 감상자들 스스로도 모르는 사이에 그들을 감화시키는 역량을 가지고 있다. 그러므로 영화창작 예술은 말할 필요 없이 사회교육의 책임을 가질 수밖에 없다. 영화는 극본의 구상으로부터 중심주제, 줄거리의 기승전결, 등장인물들 대화의 배열, 배역에 대한 배우의 표현(해석), 삽입음악, 무용과 심지어 상관되는 배경, 도구, 복식, 화장, 음향효과 등에 이르기까지 감상자들에게 영향을 미칠 수 있기 때문에, 모든 영화창작예술은 인간 본성의 眞善美 계발을 최고이상으로 삼아야 한다. "Film" is a comprehensive art. It not only provides people with a blend of visual and auditory ornamental works, but the process of watching some movies can guide people to look back and reflect on all the rights and wrongs in their past. Some films, can stimulate people's unlimited creativity and reveries; some movies, the plot or the dialogue can change the viewer's thinking logic, even values; some of the film's character modeling, costumes and even manners, song and dance, are able to lead fashion trends﹒ Overall, a successful film always enforces a subtle yet extensive influence on its viewers. Therefore, the film making industry should take the creation of movie arts no less seriously than the responsibility of educating and culturing the society, bar none. We believe that with the making of any movie production, from script ideas, highlighting topics, fine-tuning the dramatic plot, the character dialogue choreography, and the actor for the role of interpretation, interspersed with music or dance, to the background, props, costumes, makeup, soundtrack and other facilities, the whole production of the film is an art creation that, when presented to the viewers, should inspire the pursuit of "Truth, Good, and Beauty" of humanity as the highest ideal.