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Chen, Chen-Yuan,Liu, Kuo-Chiang,Liu, Yuh-Wehn,Huang, Wehn-Jiunn Techno-Press 2010 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.36 No.2
The purpose of this paper is to carry out both experimental and theoretical investigations of R.C. short column subjected to horizontal forces under constant compressive loading. Eight specimens with section of 40 cm ${\times}$ 40 cm, height 40 cm and 50 cm and different type hoop were used of the steel cage to detect the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete short columns. Hoop spacing of column, strength of concrete, and the axial load of experiments were the three main parameters in this test. A series of equations were derived to reveal the theory could be used on analysis short column, too. Through test failure model of R.C short column being established, the type of hoop affects the behavior R.C short column in ductility rather than in strength. And the effect of analysis by Truss Model is evident and reliable in shear failure model of short column.
Chen, B.Y.,Chen, C.H.,Chuang, Y.C.,Kim, H.,Honda, Y.,Chiang, H.C.,Guo, Y.L. Academic Press 2016 Environmental research Vol.149 No.-
Background: We recently reported the relationship between exposure to ambient air pollutants and changes in lung function and nasal inflammation among schoolchildren. A study was conducted to investigate whether antioxidation genotypes influence these associations. Methods: A follow-up study of 97 schoolchildren was conducted in New Taipei City, Taiwan. A structured respiratory health questionnaire was administered in September 2007, followed by monthly spirometry and measurement of nasal inflammation from October 2007 to November 2009. During the study period, complete daily monitoring data for air pollutants were obtained from the Environmental Protection Administration monitoring station and Aerosol Supersite. The genotypes of glutathione S-transferase (GST) subunits M1, T1, P1 and superoxide dismutases subunit 2 (SOD2) were characterized. Mixed-effects models were used, adjusting for known confounders. Result: GSTM1 null children had significant PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>-related increment in leukocyte (8.52%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.13-13.92%) and neutrophil (9.68%; 95% CI: 4.51-14.85%) in nasal lavage. Ozone levels were significantly and inversely associated with forced expiratory flow at 25% of forced vital capacity (FEF<SUB>25%</SUB>) (-0.43L/s; 95% CI: -0.58,-0.28L/s) in SOD2 Ala16 variant children. Conclusion: In this longitudinal study of schoolchildren. Our data provide evidence that antioxidation genotype modifies the airway inflammation caused by PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>. Antioxidation genotype also acts as an effect modifier, but not strong, in ozone-related small airway function response.
Pair production in near extremal Kerr-Newman black holes
Chen, Chiang-Mei,Kim, Sang Pyo,Sun, Jia-Rui,Tang, Fu-Yi American Physical Society 2017 Physical review. D Vol.95 No.4
<P>The spontaneous pair production of charged scalars in a near-extremal Kerr-Newman (KN) black hole is analytically studied. It is shown that the existence condition for pair production is equivalent to the violation of the Breitenlohner-Freedman bound in an AdS(2) space. The mean number of produced pairs in the extremal black hole has a thermal interpretation, in which the effective temperature for the Schwinger effect in the AdS(2) space persistently holds, while the mean number in the near-extremal black hole has an additional factor of the Schwinger effect in the Rindler space. In addition, the holographic dual conformal field theory (CFT) descriptions of charged scalar pair production are realized in both the J and Q pictures in terms of the KN/CFTs correspondence.</P>
Chiang, Ming-Lun,Chen, Hsi-Chia,Chen, Kun-Nan,Lin, Yu-Chun,Lin, Ya-Ting,Chen, Ming-Ju Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.8
Two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus johnsonii x-1d-2 and Lactobacillus mucosae x-4w-1, originally isolated from piglet feces, have been demonstrated to possess antimicrobial activities, antibiotic resistances and interleukin-6 induction ability in RAW 267.4 macrophages in our previous study. These characteristics make L. johnsonii x-1d-2 and L. mucosae x-4w-1 good candidates for application in feed probiotics. In this study, soybeal meal, molasses and sodium acetate were selected to optimize the growth medium for cultivation of L. johnsonii x-1d-2 and L. mucosae x-4w-1. These two strains were then freeze-dried and mixed into the basal diet to feed the weaned piglets. The effects of L. johnsonii x-1d-2 and L. mucosae x-4w-1 on the growth performance and fecal microflora of weaned piglets were investigated. The results showed that the bacterial numbers of L. johnsonii x-1d-2 and L. mucosae x-4w-1 reached a maximum of 8.90 and 9.30 log CFU/mL, respectively, when growing in optimal medium consisting of 5.5% (wt/vol) soybean meal, 1.0% (wt/vol) molasses and 1.0% (wt/vol) sodium acetate. The medium cost was 96% lower than the commercial de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe medium. In a further feeding study, the weaned piglets fed basal diet supplemented with freeze-dried probiotic cultures exhibited higher (p<0.05) body weight gain, feed intake, and gain/feed ratio than weaned piglets fed basal diet. Probiotic feeding also increased the numbers of lactobacilli and decreased the numbers of E. coli in the feces of weaned piglets. This study demonstrates that L. johnsonii x-1d-2 and L. mucosae x-4w-1 have high potential to be used as feed additives in the pig industry.
Nickel-Tin Solid-Liquid Inter-Diffusion Bonding
Chen-Chiang Yu,배성재,Pei-Chen Su,Tung-Han Chuang 한국정밀공학회 2014 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.15 No.1
This paper presents a solid liquid inter-diffusion (SLID) bonding process using nickel-tin. By using two metals with different melting points, Ni3Sn4, an intermetallic compound (IMC) at 523K was formed. Unlike pure metal, the IMC can be used in high temperature applications of up to 800K without failure. The formation energy of Ni3Sn4 IMC was calculated to be 23.15 kJ/mol from the experimental result. Compared to the traditional soldering technique, a higher temperature resistance bonding joint can be achieved using the nickel-tin SLID bonding technique.
Chiang, Chien-Sung,Huang, Ching-Hui,Chieng, Hockling,Chang, Ya-Ting,Chang, Dory,Chen, Ji-Jr,Chen, Yong-Cyuan,Chen, Yen-Hui,Shin, Hee-Sup,Campbell, Kevin P.,Chen, Chien-Chang Ovid Technologies Wolters Kluwer -American Heart A 2009 Circulation research Vol.104 No.4
<P>Voltage-gated T-type Ca(2+) channels (T-channels) are normally expressed during embryonic development in ventricular myocytes but are undetectable in adult ventricular myocytes. Interestingly, T-channels are reexpressed in hypertrophied or failing hearts. It is unclear whether T-channels play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy and what the mechanism might be. Here we show that the alpha(1H) voltage-gated T-type Ca(2+) channel (Ca(v)3.2) is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy via the activation of calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway. Specifically, pressure overload-induced hypertrophy was severely suppressed in mice deficient for Ca(v)3.2 (Ca(v)3.2(-/-)) but not in mice deficient for Ca(v)3.1 (Ca(v)3.1(-/-)). Angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy was also suppressed in Ca(v)3.2(-/-) mice. Consistent with these findings, cultured neonatal myocytes isolated from Ca(v)3.2(-/-) mice fail to respond hypertrophic stimulation by treatment with angiotensin II. Together, these results demonstrate the importance of Ca(v)3.2 in the development of cardiac hypertrophy both in vitro and in vivo. To test whether Ca(v)3.2 mediates the hypertrophic response through the calcineurin/NFAT pathway, we generated Ca(v)3.2(-/-), NFAT-luciferase reporter mice and showed that NFAT-luciferase reporter activity failed to increase after pressure overload in the Ca(v)3.2(-/-)/NFAT-Luc mice. Our results provide strong genetic evidence that Ca(v)3.2 indeed plays a pivotal role in the induction of calcineurin/NFAT hypertrophic signaling and is crucial for the activation of pathological cardiac hypertrophy.</P>
Chen-Kuo Chiang,Chien-Hung Wu,Chin-Chien Liu,Jin-Fu Lin,Chien-Lun Yang,Jiun-Yuan Wu,Shui-Jinn Wang 대한금속·재료학회 2012 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.8 No.5
The NH3 thermal annealing and decoupled plasma nitridation (DPN) processes are compared for the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) scaling of atomic-layer-deposited hafnium zirconate (HfZrO2) gate dielectric. Detailed physical, optical, and electrical characteristics of nitrided HfZrO2 (HfZrON) film are reported. It is found that DPN can yield a thinner SiOx interfacial layer (IL) (about 0.12 nm more in terms of EOT scaling)and a more densified HfZrO2 layer compared to those obtained using NH3 thermal annealing at a 16% nitrogen dose. NH3 thermal nitridation causes a large nitrogen distribution tail at the SiOx IL/Si substrate interface and increases leakage current, which suppresses EOT scalability.
Chen-Yuan Chen,Kuo-Chiang Liu,Yuh-Wehn Liu,Wehn-Jiunn Huang 국제구조공학회 2010 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.36 No.2
The purpose of this paper is to carry out both experimental and theoretical investigations of R.C. short column subjected to horizontal forces under constant compressive loading. Eight specimens with section of 40 cm × 40 cm, height 40 cm and 50 cm and different type hoop were used of the steel cage to detect the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete short columns. Hoop spacing of column, strength of concrete, and the axial load of experiments were the three main parameters in this test. A series of equations were derived to reveal the theory could be used on analysis short column, too. Through test failure model of R.C short column being established, the type of hoop affects the behavior R.C short column in ductility rather than in strength. And the effect of analysis by Truss Model is evident and reliable in shear failure model of short column.