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Genetic Parameter Estimates of Carcass Traits under National Scale Breeding Scheme for Beef Cattle
Do, ChangHee,Park, ByungHo,Kim, SiDong,Choi, TaeJung,Yang, BohSuk,Park, SuBong,Song, HyungJun Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.8
Carcass and price traits of 72,969 Hanwoo cows, bulls and steers aged 16 to 80 months at slaughter collected from 2002 to 2013 at 75 beef packing plants in Korea were analyzed to determine heritability, correlation and breeding value using the Multi-Trait restricted maximum likelihood (REML) animal model procedure. The traits included carcass measurements, scores and grades at 24 h postmortem and bid prices at auction. Relatively high heritability was found for maturity ($0.41{\pm}0.031$), while moderate heritability estimates were obtained for backfat thickness ($0.20{\pm}0.018$), longissimus muscle (LM) area ($0.23{\pm}0.020$), carcass weight ($0.28{\pm}0.019$), yield index ($0.20{\pm}0.018$), yield grade ($0.16{\pm}0.017$), marbling ($0.28{\pm}0.021$), texture ($0.14{\pm}0.016$), quality grade ($0.26{\pm}0.016$) and price/kg ($0.24{\pm}0.025$). Relatively low heritability estimates were observed for meat color ($0.06{\pm}0.013$) and fat color ($0.06{\pm}0.012$). Heritability estimates for most traits were lower than those in the literature. Genetic correlations of carcass measurements with characteristic scores or quality grade of carcass ranged from -0.27 to +0.21. Genetic correlations of yield grade with backfat thickness, LM area and carcass weight were 0.91, -0.43, and -0.09, respectively. Genetic correlations of quality grade with scores of marbling, meat color, fat color and texture were -0.99, 0.48, 0.47, and 0.98, respectively. Genetic correlations of price/kg with LM area, carcass weight, marbling, meat color, texture and maturity were 0.57, 0.64, 0.76, -0.41, -0.79, and -0.42, respectively. Genetic correlations of carcass price with LM area, carcass weight, marbling and texture were 0.61, 0.57, 0.64, and -0.73, respectively, with standard errors ranging from ${\pm}0.047$ to ${\pm}0.058$. The mean carcass weight breeding values increased by more than 8 kg, whereas the mean marbling scores decreased by approximately 0.2 from 2000 through 2009. Overall, the results suggest that genetic improvement of productivity and carcass quality could be obtained under the national scale breeding scheme of Korea for Hanwoo and that continuous efforts to improve the breeding scheme should be made to increase genetic progress.
Do, Changhee,Wasana, Nidarshani,Cho, Kwanghyun,Choi, Yunho,Choi, Taejeong,Park, Byungho,Lee, Donghee Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.11
This study was performed to estimate the effect of age at first calving and first two calving intervals on productive life and life time profit in Korean Holsteins. Reproduction data of Korean Holsteins born from 1998 to 2004 and lactation data from 276,573 cows with birth and last dry date that calved between 2000 and 2010 were used for the analysis. Lifetime profit increased with the days of life span. Regression of Life Span on Lifetime profit indicated that there was an increase of 3,800 Won (approximately $3.45) of lifetime profit per day increase in life span. This is evidence that care of each cow is necessary to improve net return and important for farms maintaining profitable cows. The estimates of heritability of age at first calving, first two calving intervals, days in milk for lifetime, lifespan, milk income and lifetime profit were 0.111, 0.088, 0.142, 0.140, 0.143, 0.123, and 0.102, respectively. The low heritabilities indicated that the productive life and economical traits include reproductive and productive characteristics. Age at first calving and interval between first and second calving had negative genetic correlation with lifetime profit (-0.080 and -0.265, respectively). Reducing age at first calving and first calving interval had a positive effect on lifetime profit. Lifetime profit increased to approximately 2,600,000 (2,363.6) from 800,000 Won ($727.3) when age at first calving decreased to (22.3 month) from (32.8 month). Results suggested that reproductive traits such as age at first calving and calving interval might affect various economical traits and consequently influenced productive life and profitability of cows. In conclusion, regard of the age at first calving must be taken with the optimum age at first calving for maximum lifetime profit being 22.5 to 23.5 months. Moreover, considering the negative genetic correlation of first calving interval with lifetime profit, it should be reduced against the present trend of increase.
The Outcomes of Selection in a Closed Herd on a Farm in Operation
Do, ChangHee,Yang, ChangBeom,Choi, JaeGwan,Kim, SiDong,Yang, BoSeok,Park, SooBong,Joo, YoungGuk,Lee, SeokHyun Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.9
A herd of Berkshire pigs was established in 2003 and subjected to selection without introduction of any genetic resources until 2007. The complete pedigree, including 410 boars and 916 sows, as well as the records from 5,845 pigs and 822 litters were used to investigate the results obtained from the selections. The index of selection for breeding values included days to 90 kg (D90kg), backfat thickness (BF) and number of piglets born alive (NBA). The average inbreeding coefficients of pigs were found to be 0.023, 0.008, 0.013, 0.025, 0.026, and 0.005 from 2003 to 2007, respectively. The genetic gains per year were 12.1 g, -0.04 mm, -3.13 days, and 0.181 head for average daily gain (ADG), BF, D90kg, and NBA, respectively. Breeding values of ADG, BF and D90kg were not significantly correlated with inbreeding coefficients of individuals, except for NBA (-0.21). The response per additional 1% of inbreeding was 0.0278 head reduction in NBA. The annual increase of inbreeding was 0.23% and the annual decrease in NBA due to inbreeding was 0.0064 head. This magnitude could be disregarded when compared with the annual gain in NBA (0.181 head). These results suggest that inbreeding and inbreeding depression on ordinary farms can be controlled with a proper breeding scheme and that breeding programs are economical and safe relative to the risks associated with importation of pigs.
Organic light-emitting diode using a new DCM derivative as an efficient orange-red doping molecule
Do-Hoon Hwang,Jong-Don Lee,Moon-Jae Lee,Changhee Lee 한국물리학회 2005 Current Applied Physics Vol.5 No.3
A new DCM derivative containing the phenoxazine moiety (DCPXZ) has been synthesized for use as a red uorescent dyemolecule in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The photoluminescence and electroluminescence properties of DCPXZ wereexamined. The maximum photoluminescence of DCPXZ in chloroform solution (10. 5 mol) was observed at 616 nm. EL deviceswere fabricated with the structure ITO/PEDOT-PSS/Cu-PC(15 nm)/a-NPD(45 nm)/Alq3:DCPXZ(30 nm)/Alq3(30 nm)/LiF(0.5 nm)/Al. The maximum EL emission for the 2.0% DCPXZ-doped device was at 608 nm with CIE coordinates (0:57;0:42). The EL deviceexhibited a maximum brightness of 15,000 cd/m2 at 19.4 V and a power eciency of 1.04 lm/W at a luminance of 100 cd/m2..
Yoo, Changhee,Do, Hyun-Ah,Jeong, In Gab,Park, Hongzoo,Hwang, Jung-Jin,Hong, Jun Hyuk,Cho, Jin Seon,Choo, Myong-Soo,Ahn, Hanjong,Kim, Choung-Soo The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2010 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.25 No.9
<P>Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells. OK432 (Picibanil®) was introduced as a potent stimulator of DC maturation in combination with prostaglandin-E<SUB>2</SUB> and interferon-α. We compared the efficacy of a DC-prostate cancer vaccine using early-mature DCs stimulated with OK432, PGE2 and INF-α (OPA) with that of vaccines using other methods. On days 3 or 7 of DC culture, TNF-α (T), TNF-α and LPS (TL) or OPA were employed as maturation stimulators. DU145 cells subjected to heat stress were hybridized with mature DCs using polyethyleneglycol. T cells were sensitized by the hybrids, and their proliferative and cytokine secretion activities and cytotoxicity were measured. The yields of early-mature DCs were higher, compared to yields at the conventional maturation time (<I>P</I><0.05). In the early maturation setting, the mean fusion ratios, calculated from the fraction of dual-positive cells, were 13.3%, 18.6%, and 39.9%, respectively (<I>P</I>=0.051) in the T only, TL, and OPA-treated groups. The function of cytotoxic T cells, which were sensitized with the hybrids containing DCs matured early with OPA, was superior to that using other methods. The antitumor effects of DC-DU145 hybrids generated with DCs subjected to early maturation with the OPA may be superior to that of the hybrids using conventional maturation methods.</P>
Han, Changhee,Burn-Nunes, Laurie J.,Lee, Khanghyun,Chang, Chaewon,Kang, Jung-Ho,Han, Yeongcheol,Hur, Soon Do,Hong, Sungmin Elsevier 2015 Talanta Vol.140 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>An improved decontamination method and ultraclean analytical procedures have been developed to minimize Pb contamination of processed glacial ice cores and to achieve reliable determination of Pb isotopes in North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) deep ice core sections with concentrations at the sub-picogram per gram level. A PL-7 (Fuso Chemical) silica-gel activator has replaced the previously used colloidal silica activator produced by Merck and has been shown to provide sufficiently enhanced ion beam intensity for Pb isotope analysis for a few tens of picograms of Pb. Considering the quantities of Pb contained in the NEEM Greenland ice core and a sample weight of 10g used for the analysis, the blank contribution from the sample treatment was observed to be negligible. The decontamination and analysis of the artificial ice cores and selected NEEM Greenland ice core sections confirmed the cleanliness and effectiveness of the overall analytical process.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We report a method for ultra-low Pb isotope determination in polar ice using TIMS. </LI> <LI> Decontamination procedure was improved for a new Greenland deep ice core. </LI> <LI> The use of a PL-7 silica-gel activator enabled sufficient Pb ion beam intensity. </LI> <LI> The procedural blanks were negligible to obtain reliable data from Greenland ice. </LI> <LI> Reliable Pb isotope analysis was achieved for a few tens of picograms of Pb. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>