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Chakrabarti, Satadal,Manna, Buddhadeb Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2008 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.17 No.1
Infection of pathogenic microsporidia, Nosema bombycis and Nosema mylitta (Chakrabarti and Manna, 2006) decreased egg production, fecundity, hatching % and increased sterile eggs in heavily infected mulberry silkmoth, Bombyx mori L. On an average a disease free moth laid upto 442.67 eggs with high hatching % (99.53) and less sterile eggs ($0.47{\sim}2.00%$). While an infected moth laid less number of eggs ($7.00{\sim}412.00$) with low hatching % ($32.437{\sim}98.643$) and high sterile eggs ($2.143{\sim}129.571$). Fecundity of disease free laying was highest (468.714) during season-1 then gradually decreased during season- 2 (414.000) to season- 3 (404.285). But fecundity of an infected laying was highest during season-2 and hatched eggs were lowest during season-2. Higher inoculums concentration of N. mylitta infected to 5th stage larva of mulberry silkworm drastically decreased the fecundity in season - 3 and lower inoculums concentration of N. bombycis decreased the fecundity in season-1 and 3. Season-3 was most effective season to decrease the fecundity and increase sterile eggs when both temperature and humidity were fluctuated from the optimum level.
( Satadal Chakrabarti ),( Buddhadeb Manna ) 한국잠사학회 2008 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.17 No.1
Infection of pathogenic microsporidia, Nosema bombycis and Nosema mylitta (Chakrabarti and Manna, 2006) decreased egg production, fecundity, hatching % and increased sterile eggs in heavily infected mulberry silkmoth, Bombyx mori L. On an average a disease free moth laid upto 442.67 eggs with high hatching % (99.53) and less sterile eggs (0.47~2.00%). While an infected moth laid less number of eggs (7.00~412.00) with low hatching % (32.437~98.643) and high sterile eggs (2.143~129.571). Fecundity of disease free laying was highest (468.714) during season-1 then gradually decreased during season-2 (414.000) to season-3 (404.285). But fecundity of an infected laying was highest during season-2 and hatched eggs were lowest during season-2. Higher inoculums concentration of N. mylitta infected to 5th stage larva of mulberry silkworm drastically decreased the fecundity in season -3 and lower inoculums concentration of N. bombycis decreased the fecundity in season-1 and 3. Season-3 was most effective season to decrease the fecundity and increase sterile eggs when both temperature and humidity were fluctuated from the optimum level.
Assessment of the Potential of Watermelon Rind Powder for the Value Addition of Noodles
Chakrabarty Nayan,Mourin Mehrin Mamun,Islam Nawsheen,Haque Ahmed Redwan,Akter Sorifa,Siddique Abu Ayub,Sarker Manobendro 한국농업기계학회 2020 바이오시스템공학 Vol.45 No.4
Purpose This study was conducted to investigate the potential of watermelon rind as a source of nutrients for the value addition of noodles. Methods Three different varieties of watermelon with yellow, dark green, and pale green rind were separately dried to produce rind powder and studied for their proximate composition, phenol content, and antioxidant activity. The effect of the substitution of wheat flour with different levels ofwatermelon rind powder (WRP) (10–20%) on the cooking and sensory attributes of noodles was investigated. Results The results showed that the rind powder of the pale green rind watermelon (PGRW) contained the maximum amount of protein (19.74%), whereas the highest amount of fiber (13.35%) was present in that of the dark green rind watermelon (DGRW). In contrast, the rind powder of the yellow rind watermelon (YRW) had a higher amount of fat (13.00%) thanDGRW(8.37%) and PGRW(5.83%). However, the total phenol content in terms of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) was the maximumin PGRW(166.88 GAE/g), which resulted in greater antioxidant activity (13.28%). Furthermore, the incorporation of WRP affected the cooking yield of the noodles. Both the cooking yield and cooking loss were at maximum with the incorporation of 15% rind powder. Sensory evaluation indicated that the control sample was the most acceptable, followed by the noodles with 10% WRP, among the value-added noodles. Conclusion Considering the nutritional potential, 10% WRP can be incorporated with wheat flour for the large-scale production of noodles.
Large Deflections of a Clamped Circular Plate Pressed by a Hemispherical - Headed Punch
Chakrabarty, J . 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1998 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.4 No.4
A new method of analysis based on the consideration of equilibrium and a physically acceptable displacement field is proposed in this paper to investigate the fully plastic behaviour of a clamped circular plate which is loaded axisymmetrically by a rigid hemispherical-headed punch. The attention is confined to the range of loads for which the central deflection of the plate exceeds the plate thickness, and the effect of the induced membrane forces is duly allowed for in the theoretical framework to obtain a realistic expression for the load-deflection relation in the plastic range. When the central deflection becomes sufficiently large, the deformation of the plate occurs essentially under membrane stresses alone, and the analysis then becomes similar to the one presented earlier by the author for a material that work-hardens isotropically according to the Ludwik power law. Since the considered range of deflections is sufficiently large, the material is assumed to be rigid/plastic, and the work-hardening of the material is disregarded as a necessary first step towards a more general solution. The complete load-deflection relation is presented in a graphical form for the situation where the punch radius is equal to the radius of the plate.
Metal Surface Treatment Effects on Screen Printed Silicon Solar Cells
Chakrabarty K.,Mangalaraj D.,Kim K. H.,Dhungel S. K.,Park J. H.,Singh S. N. The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2003 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.4 No.4
High series resistance due to the presence of glass frit is one of the major problems for screen printed silicon solar cells. Cells having electrical parameters below the prescribed values are usually rejected during solar module fabrication. Therefore, it is highly desirable to improve the electrical parameters of the silicon solar cells and thereby to increase the overall production yield. It was observed that, the performance of low quality mono-crystalline silicon solar cells made by standard screen printing technology could be improved remarkably by novel surface treatment. We have chemically treated the surface using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$) solutions. NaOH treatment helps to reduce the series resistance by decreasing the presence of excess glass frit on the top silver grid contact. The $AgNO_3$ treatment is used to reduce the series resistance comes from the deposition of silver on the grids by filling the holes present (if any) within the grid pattern.
Chakrabarti, Shaon,Hyeon, Changbong,Ye, Xiang,Lorimer, George H.,Thirumalai, D. National Academy of Sciences 2017 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.114 No.51
<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Molecular chaperones have evolved to assist the folding of proteins and RNA, thus avoiding the deleterious consequences of misfolding. Thus, it is expected that increasing chaperone concentrations should enhance the yield of native states. While this has been observed in GroEL-mediated protein folding, experiments on <I>Tetrahymena</I> ribozyme folding assisted by CYT-19 surprisingly show the opposite trend. Here, we reconcile these divergent experimental observations by developing a unified theory of chaperone-assisted protein and RNA folding. We show that these ATP-fueled machines drive their substrates out of equilibrium, maximizing the nonequilibrium native yield in a given time rather than the absolute yield or folding rate. The theory predicts that in vivo the number of chaperones is regulated to optimize their functions.</P><P>Molecular chaperones facilitate the folding of proteins and RNA in vivo. Under physiological conditions, the in vitro folding of <I>Tetrahymena</I> ribozyme by the RNA chaperone CYT-19 behaves paradoxically; increasing the chaperone concentration reduces the yield of native ribozymes. In contrast, the protein chaperone GroEL works as expected; the yield of the native substrate increases with chaperone concentration. The discrepant chaperone-assisted ribozyme folding thus contradicts the expectation that it operates as an efficient annealing machine. To resolve this paradox, we propose a minimal stochastic model based on the Iterative Annealing Mechanism (IAM) that offers a unified description of chaperone-mediated folding of both proteins and RNA. Our theory provides a general relation that quantitatively predicts how the yield of native states depends on chaperone concentration. Although the absolute yield of native states decreases in the <I>Tetrahymena</I> ribozyme, the product of the folding rate and the steady-state native yield increases in both cases. By using energy from ATP hydrolysis, both CYT-19 and GroEL drive their substrate concentrations far out of equilibrium, thus maximizing the native yield in a short time. This also holds when the substrate concentration exceeds that of GroEL. Our findings satisfy the expectation that proteins and RNA be folded by chaperones on biologically relevant time scales, even if the final yield is lower than what equilibrium thermodynamics would dictate. The theory predicts that the quantity of chaperones in vivo has evolved to optimize native state production of the folded states of RNA and proteins in a given time.</P>
Chakrabarti, A.,Martha, S.C. The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2011 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.29 No.5
A special system of partial differential equations (PDEs) occur in a natural way while studying a class of irrotational inviscid fluid flow problems involving infinite channels. Certain aspects of solutions of such PDEs are analyzed in the context of flow problems involving multiple layers of fluids of different constant densities in a channel associated with arbitrary bottom topography. The whole analysis is divided into two parts-part A and part B. In part A the linearized theory is employed along with the standard Fourier analysis to understand such flow problems and physical quantities of interest are derived analytically. In part B, the same set of problems handled in part A are examined in the light of a weakly non-linear theory involving perturbation in terms of a small parameter and it is shown that the original problems can be cast into KdV type of nonlinear PDEs involving the bottom topography occurring in one of the coefficients of these equations. Special cases of bottom topography are worked out in detail and expressions for quantities of physical importance are derived.