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Siddique, Md. Abu Ayub,Kim, Wan-Soo,Baek, Seung-Yun,Kim, Yeon-Soo,Choi, Chang-Hyun,Kim, Yong-Joo,Park, Jin-Kam Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2018 바이오시스템공학 Vol.43 No.4
Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a linear Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control algorithm for the ascending and descending system of a rice transplanter and to analyze its response characteristics. Methods: A hydraulic model using a single-acting actuator, proportional valve and a PID control algorithm were developed for the ascending and descending system. The PID coefficients are tuned using the Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N) method and the characteristics of unit step response are analyzed to select the PID coefficients at various pump speeds. Results: Results showed that the performance of the PID controller was superior in any condition. It was found that the highest settling time and maximum overshoot were less than 0.210 s and 5%, respectively at all pump speed. It was determined that the steady state errors were 0% in all the cases. The lowest overshoot and settling time were calculated to be nearly 2.56% and 0.205 s, respectively at the pump rated speed (2650 rpm). Conclusions: The results indicated that the developed PID control algorithm would be feasible for the ascending and descending system of a rice transplanter. Finally, it would be helpful to plant the seedlings uniformly and improve the performance of the rice transplanter.
Analysis of the Axle Load of a Rice Transplanter According to Gear Selection
Md Abu Ayub Siddique,Wan Soo Kim,Seung Yun Baek,Yong Joo Kim,Seong Un Park,Chang Hyun Choi,Young Soo Choi 유공압건설기계학회 2020 드라이브·컨트롤 Vol.17 No.4
The objective of this study was to analyze the axle load of a rice transplanter when planting rice seedlings at different working load conditions to select a suitable gear stage and a constant planting depth for rice seedlings. In this study, there are four levels of planting distances (26, 35, 43, and 80 cm) and three planting depths (low, medium, and high) with two gear stages (1.3 and 1.7 m/s). Axle loads and required planting pressures were analyzed statistically. It was observed that axle torques were increased with increasing planting depths for both gear stages, meaning that axle torques were directly proportional to planting depths for both gear stages. It was also observed that required planting pressures had a significant difference between planting distances. Planting pressures also showed significant difference according to gear stage and planting depth. These results indicate that planting pressures were directly proportional to both gear stage and planting depth. Results revealed that the automatic depth control system of a rice transplanter could not guarantee a constant planting depth as supplied pressures were variable. This indicates that a control algorithm is needed to ensure a constant planting depth. In the future, a control algorithm will be developed for an automatic depth control system of a rice transplanter to improve its comprehensive performance and efficiency.
Performance Study of Manual Reaper Compared to Manual Harvesting for Rice and Wheat
( Md. Maksudur Rahman ),( Md. Abu Ayub Siddique ),( Md. Ruhul Amin ),( Md. Kamal Uddin Sarker ),( Yong-joo Kim ),( Seo Bo Gun ) 한국농업기계학회 2017 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.22 No.2
Considering scarcity and high wage of labor, higher shattering loss, mechanized harvesting is crying need to be introduced as alternative of manual harvesting for rice and wheat in Bangladesh. This paper was carried out to compare the performance of manual reaper against manual harvesting method for rice and wheat. The selected field operations were done in several times to calculate the average performance. The operation time was recorded by stop watch. The actual field capacity and break-even point were calculated by using empirical equation. The average field capacity of manual reaper was 0.3482 ha/day for rice and 0.3236 ha/day for wheat with fuel consumption of 0.755 L petrol/h and 0.625 L petrol/h respectively. In manual harvesting, the average field capacity was 0.0312 ha/man-day and 0.0452 ha/man-day for rice and wheat respectively. It was revealed that using manual reaper, harvesting cost could be saved 58% for rice and 53% for wheat, consequently harvesting of selected crops by reaper was efficient than manual harvesting. It was also observed that if manual reaper works below break-even point 0.32 ha and 0.52 ha for rice and wheat respectively, it would not be economically feasible to farmers. Finally, manual reaper could be suggested as better mechanization for harvesting of rice and wheat, cultivated on fragmented lands.
( Md. Abu Ayub Siddique ),( Seung-yun Baek ),( Seung-min Baek ),( Yong-joo Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2023 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.28 No.2
The objectives of this study is to verify the APS controller for asphalt driving, analyze the power delivery and fuel consumption of the tractor using different engine modes for plowing operation. During asphalt driving, APS ECO mode has the lowest engine power of approximately 31.79 kW. Its fuel consumption is nearly 6.02 L/h, which is lower than those in the conventional and APS power modes by almost 43.84 and 21.10% per working hour, respectively. However, the axle powers in all engine modes have no significant differences owing to the same forward speed of the tractor. The results prove the reliability of the APS controller performance. During the plowing operation, the engine power and fuel consumption in the APS ECO mode are approximately 70.29 kW and 18.46 L/h, respectively, which are lower than those in the conventional and APS power modes. The tractive efficiency in the conventional mode, which is approximately 63.56%, is the highest among all engine modes. However, the effective field capacity in the APS ECO mode for plowing is approximately 1.52 ha/h, which is the highest among all engine modes. The comparative analysis also shows that the fuel consumption in the APS ECO mode for plowing is reduced by almost 23.37 and 15.59% compared with those in the conventional and APS power modes, respectively. Therefore, as the most economical, efficient, and suitable mode, this study recommends using the APS ECO mode for the agricultural tractors when performing the agricultural operations.
Development of a PID Controller to Control Viscous Effects on Rice Transplanter Hydraulic System
( Md Abu Ayub Siddique ),( Ryu-gap Lim ),( Chang-hyun Choi ),( Yong-joo Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2019 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.24 No.1
The purpose of this study was to develop the PID feedback controller for ascending and descending system of rice transplanter and control the viscous effect of hydraulic oils. The primary PID coefficients was determined using the Ziegler-Nichols 2<sup>nd</sup> method and optimized by the Routh’s stability criteria. The results show the maximum overshoot of flow rate, pressure, and displacement of the actuator were less 25%, whereas the maximum settling time was 0.25 s for all conditions. Also, the maximum steady state error was found 0.90% at all cases. The controller can efficiently compensate the viscous effects of hydraulic oils on hydraulic system. The responses are enough fast to control the ascending and descending system. This controller could minimize the tilting of planted seedling and improve the performance.
Development of PID Controller for Ascending and Descending System of Rice Transplanter
( Md. Abu Ayub Siddique ),( Wan-soo Kim ),( Seung-yun Beak ),( Chang-hyun Choi ),( Kyu-chul Nam ),( Yong-joo Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.2
This study was conducted to develop a linear PID control algorithm for the ascending and descending system of a rice transplanter and analyze the response characteristics. A hydraulic model using single acting actuator and proportional valve, and a PID control algorithm were developed for the ascending and descending system. The PID coefficients are tuned using Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N) method and analyzed the statistical parameters to select the best PID coefficients at different pump speeds. Results showed that performance of PID controller was superior at any condition. It is found that the highest settling time and maximum overshoot were less than 0.2 sec and 5%, respectively at every pump speeds. It was accounted that the steady state errors were 0% at all the cases. The lowest average overshoot and settling time were calculated almost 3.43% and 0.176 sec, respectively. The results indicated that the developed PID control algorithm would be useful for the ascending and descending system of a rice transplanter.
( Md. Abu Ayub Siddique ),( Wan-soo Kim ),( Seung-yun Baek ),( Yeon-soo Kim ),( Chang-hyun Choi ),( Yong-joo Kim ),( Jin-kam Park ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 바이오시스템공학 Vol.43 No.4
Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a linear Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control algorithm for the ascending and descending system of a rice transplanter and to analyze its response characteristics. Methods: A hydraulic model using a single-acting actuator, proportional valve and a PID control algorithm were developed for the ascending and descending system. The PID coefficients are tuned using the Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N) method and the characteristics of unit step response are analyzed to select the PID coefficients at various pump speeds. Results: Results showed that the performance of the PID controller was superior in any condition. It was found that the highest settling time and maximum overshoot were less than 0.210 s and 5%, respectively at all pump speed. It was determined that the steady state errors were 0% in all the cases. The lowest overshoot and settling time were calculated to be nearly 2.56% and 0.205 s, respectively at the pump rated speed (2650 rpm). Conclusions: The results indicated that the developed PID control algorithm would be feasible for the ascending and descending system of a rice transplanter. Finally, it would be helpful to plant the seedlings uniformly and improve the performance of the rice transplanter.