Lipid Peroxidation and the Thiobarbituric Acid Assay : Standardization of the Assay When Using Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Rael, Leonard T.,Thomas, Gregory W.,Craun, Michael L.,Curtis, C. Gerald,Bar-Or, Raphael,Bar-Or, David 한국생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학회) 2004 BMB Reports Vol.37 No.6

Saturated fatty acids are less vulnerable to lipid peroxidation than their unsaturated counterparts. In this investigation, individual fatty acids of the C_(16), C_(18) and C_(20) families were subjected to the thiobarbituric (TBA) assay. These fatty acids were chosen based on their degree of saturation and configuration of double bonds. Interestingly, an assay threshold was reached where increasing the fatty acid concentration resulted in no additional decrease in the TBARS concentrations. Therefore, the linear range of TBARS inhibition was determined for fatty acids in the C_(16) and C_(20) families. The rate of TBARS inhibition was greater for the saturated than for unsaturated fatty acids, as measured from the slope of the linear range. These findings demonstrate the need to standardize the TBARS assay using multiple fatty acid concentrations when using this assay for measuring in vitro lipid peroxidation.

Identification of Enriched Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers in Cultures of Ruminal Microorganisms after Dosing with 1-^(13)C-Linoleic Acid

Yong-Jae Lee,Thomas C. Jenkins 한국미생물학회 2011 The journal of microbiology Vol.49 No.4

Most studies of linoleic acid biohydrogenation propose that it converts to stearic acid through the production of cis-9 trans-11 CLA and trans-11 C18:1. However, several other CLA have been identified in ruminal contents, suggesting additional pathways may exist. To explore this possibility, this research investigated the linoleic acid biohydrogenation pathway to identify CLA isomers in cultures of ruminal microorganisms after dosing with a ^(13)C stable isotope. The ^(13)C enrichment was calculated as [(M+1/M)×100] in labeled minus unlabeled cultures. After 48 h incubation, significant ^(13)C enrichment was observed in seven CLA isomers, indicating their formation from linoleic acid. All enriched CLA isomers had double bonds in either the 9,11 or 10,12 position except for trans-9 cis-11 CLA. The cis-9 trans-11 CLA exhibited the highest enrichment (30.65%), followed by enrichments from 21.06 to 23.08% for trans-10 cis-12, cis-10 trans-12, trans-9trans-11, and trans-10 trans-12 CLA. The remaining two CLA (cis-9 cis-11 and cis-10 cis-12 CLA) exhibited enrichments of 18.38 and 19.29%, respectively. The results of this study verified the formation of cis-9trans-11 and trans-10 cis-12 CLA isomers from linoleic acid biohydrogenation. An additional five CLA isomers also contained carbons originating from linoleic acid, indicating that pathways of linoleic acid biohydrogenation are more complex than previously described.

MTERF4 Regulates Translation by Targeting the Methyltransferase NSUN4 to the Mammalian Mitochondrial Ribosome

Cá,mara, Yolanda,Asin-Cayuela, Jorge,Park, Chan ,Bae,Metodiev, Metodi ,D.,Shi, Yonghong,Ruzzenente, Benedetta,Kukat, Christian,Habermann, Bianca,Wibom, Rolf,Hultenby, Kjell,Franz, Thomas Elsevier 2011 Cell metabolism Vol.13 No.5

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Precise control of mitochondrial DNA gene expression is critical for regulation of oxidative phosphorylation capacity in mammals. The MTERF protein family plays a key role in this process, and its members have been implicated in regulation of transcription initiation and site-specific transcription termination. We now demonstrate that a member of this family, MTERF4, directly controls mitochondrial ribosomal biogenesis and translation. MTERF4 forms a stoichiometric complex with the ribosomal RNA methyltransferase NSUN4 and is necessary for recruitment of this factor to the large ribosomal subunit. Loss of MTERF4 leads to defective ribosomal assembly and a drastic reduction in translation. Our results thus show that MTERF4 is an important regulator of translation in mammalian mitochondria.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► Loss of MTERF4 leads to abolished mitochondrial translation ► MTERF4 forms a complex with the rRNA methyltransferase NSUN4 ► MTERF4 targets NSUN4 to the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit</P>

Synaptic Clustering of the Cell Adhesion Molecule Fasciclin Ⅱ by Discs-Large and its Role in the Regulation of Presynaptic Structure

Thomas, Ulrich,Kim, Eunjoon,Kuhlendahl, Sven,Koh, Young Ho,Gundelfinger, Eckart D.,Sheng, Morgan,Gamer, Craig C.,Budnik, Vivian 부산대학교 유전공학연구소 1997 분자생물학 연구보 Vol.13 No.-

The cells adhesion molecule FasciclinⅡ(FASⅡ)is invoved in synapse development and plasticity. Here we provide genetic and biochemical evidence that proper localization of FASⅡ at typeⅠglutamatergic aynapses of the Drosophila neuromuscular junction is mediated by binding between the intracellular tSXV bearing C-terminal tail of FASⅡ and the PDZ1-2 domains of Discs-Large (DLG). Moreover, mutations in fasⅡ and /or dlg have similar effects on presynaptic ultrastructure, suggesting their functional involvement in a common developmental pathway. DLG can directly mediate a biochemical complex and a macroscopic cluster of Ⅱ and Shaker K^+ channels in heterologous cells. These results indicate a central role for DLG in the structural organization and downstream signaling mechanisms of cell adhesion molecules and ion channels at synapses.

Effects of Insulin and Transgenic Overexpression of UDP-glucose Pyrophosphorylase on UDP-glucose and Glycogen Accumulation in Skeletal Muscle Fibers

Thomas H. Reynolds Ⅳ,Pak, Yun-Bae,Thurl E. Harris,Jill Manchester,Eugene J. Barrett,John C. Lawrence, Jr. Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2005 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2005 No.

UDP-glucose (UDP-Gle) and glycogen levels in skeletal muscle fibers of defined fiber type were measured using microanalytical methods. Infusing rats with insulin increased glycogen in both Type I and Type II fibers Insulin was without effect in UDP-Gle in TypeⅠfibers but decreased UDP-Gle by 35-40% in Type IIA/D and Type IIB fibers. The reduction in UDP-Gle suggested that UDP-Gle pyrophosphorylase (PPL) activity might limit glycogen synthesis in response to insulin. To explore this possibility, we generated mice overexpressing a UDP-Glc PPL, transgene in skeletal muscle. The transgene increased both UDP-Glc PPL activity and levels of UDP-Glc in skeletal muscles by 3-fold. However, overexpression of UDP-Glc PPL was without effect on either the levels of skeletal muscle glycogen or glucose tolerance in vivo. The transgene was also without effect on either control or insulin-stimulated rates of C-glucose incorporation into glycogen in muscles incubated in vitro. The results indicate that UDP-Glc PPL activity is not limiting for glycogen synthesis

Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Emotional Dysregulation in Male and Female Young Adults: A Qualitative Study

Daphnée Thomas,Céline Bonnaire 대한소아청소년 정신의학회 2023 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.34 No.3

Objectives: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been theoretically, clinically, and empirically associated with emotional dysregulation. NSSI is a means of regulating emotional states, particularly negative emotions. However, empirical studies on this topic are scarce and the literature lacks qualitative research on individuals’ perceptions and comprehension of the function of self-injury. Thus, this qualitative study aimed to provide novel insights into the relationship between NSSI and emotional dysregulation in young adults. Methods: Twelve participants (mean age=22.7 years, 9 females and 3 males) from different support groups and a healthcare center participated in semi-structured interviews on NSSI-related emotional processes. Three aspects were investigated: reasons for NSSI, function of NSSI, and emotions. Each interview was voice recorded and typically lasted between 20 and 40 minutes. All responses were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Four major themes were identified. The results showed that NSSI had both intrapersonal and interpersonal functions, within which emotional regulation played a significant role. NSSI was also used to regulate positive emotions. The results also showed a sequence of emotions among the participants, going from feeling overwhelmed to feeling relatively calm but guilty. Conclusion: NSSI has several functions for the same individual. Thus, it would be interesting to provide integrative therapy, such as emotion-focused therapy, which focus on improving intrapersonal and interpersonal emotion regulation skills and strategies.

AvrRpm1 Functions as an ADP-Ribosyl Transferase to Modify NOI Domain-Containing Proteins, Including Arabidopsis and Soybean RPM1-Interacting Protein4

Redditt, Thomas J.,Chung, Eui-Hwan,Karimi, Hana Zand,Rodibaugh, Natalie,Zhang, Yixiang,Trinidad, Jonathan C.,Kim, Jin Hee,Zhou, Qian,Shen, Mingzhe,Dangl, Jeffery L.,Mackey, David,Innes, Roger W. American Society of Plant Biologists 2019 The Plant cell Vol.31 No.11

<P>The <I>Pseudomonas syringae</I> effector protein AvrRpm1 ADP ribosylates RIN4 proteins from Arabidopsis and soybean, which promotes association of RIN4 with EXO70E2 and suppression of callose deposition.</P><P>The <I>Pseudomonas syringae</I> effector protein AvrRpm1 activates the Arabidopsis (<I>Arabidopsis thaliana</I>) intracellular innate immune receptor protein RESISTANCE TO PSEUDOMONAS MACULICOLA1 (RPM1) via modification of a second Arabidopsis protein, RPM1-INTERACTING PROTEIN4 (<I>At</I>RIN4). Prior work has shown that AvrRpm1 induces phosphorylation of <I>At</I>RIN4, but homology modeling indicated that AvrRpm1 may be an ADP-ribosyl transferase. Here, we show that AvrRpm1 induces ADP-ribosylation of RIN4 proteins from both Arabidopsis and soybean (<I>Glycine max</I>) within two highly conserved nitrate-induced (NOI) domains. It also ADP ribosylates at least 10 additional Arabidopsis NOI domain-containing proteins. The ADP-ribosylation activity of AvrRpm1 is required for subsequent phosphorylation on Thr-166 of <I>At</I>RIN4, an event that is necessary and sufficient for RPM1 activation. We also show that the C-terminal NOI domain of AtRIN4 interacts with the exocyst subunits EXO70B1, EXO70E1, EXO70E2, and EXO70F1. Mutation of either EXO70B1 or EXO70E2 inhibited secretion of callose induced by the bacterial flagellin-derived peptide flg22. Substitution of RIN4 Thr-166 with Asp enhanced the association of <I>At</I>RIN4 with EXO70E2, which we posit inhibits its callose deposition function. Collectively, these data indicate that AvrRpm1 ADP-ribosyl transferase activity contributes to virulence by promoting phosphorylation of RIN4 Thr-166, which inhibits the secretion of defense compounds by promoting the inhibitory association of RIN4 with EXO70 proteins.</P><P>[Figure]</P>

Comparing Allografts to Autografts for Maintenance of Cervical Sagittal Parameters and Clinical Outcomes Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion With Anterior Cervical Plating

Steven Thomas Heidt,Philip King-Hung Louie,Jannat M. Khan,Bryce A. Basques,Brandon Hirsch,Arya Varthi,Justin C. Paul,Edward J. Goldberg,Howard S. An 대한척추신경외과학회 2019 Neurospine Vol.16 No.3

Objective: Current literature has not shown if using either allograft or autograft differentially affects postoperative cervical sagittal parameters. The goal of this study was to compare sagittal alignment and patient-reported outcomes following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with allograft versus autograft. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis of patients who underwent single-level ACDF was conducted. Preoperative, immediate postoperative, and final follow-up radiographic assessments were conducted and included: change in C2–7 lordosis, T1 slope, levels fused, sagittal vertical axis (SVA), fusion mass lordosis, and proximal and distal adjacent segment degeneration (ASD). Patient-reported outcomes were obtained using the Neck Disability Index and visual analogue scale scores for neck and arm. Results: A total of 404 patients were assessed; 353 using allograft and 51 using autograft. No significant differences existed in demographics. Cervical lordosis improved in both groups without significant changes in SVA. Autograft group had a significantly greater amount of lordosis at the proximal segment on immediate postoperative radiographs and less overall cervical lordosis at final follow-up. Sagittal parameters were similar at each time point without significant changes between the 3-time points. No significant differences existed in radiographic ASD or reoperation rates. Fusion rates exceeded 96% in both groups. No significant differences existed between preoperative, postoperative, or change in patient-reported outcomes between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Sagittal alignment is maintained following ACDF when using either allograft or autograft. Radiographic evidence of ASD is present in both groups; however, this was not considered clinically significant, given low rates of pseudarthrosis or reoperation. No significant differences exist between groups in terms of patient-reported outcomes.

BRIGHT METAL-POOR STARS FROM THE HAMBURG/ESO SURVEY. II. A CHEMODYNAMICAL ANALYSIS

Beers, Timothy C.,Placco, Vinicius M.,Carollo, Daniela,Rossi, Silvia,Lee, Young Sun,Frebel, Anna,Norris, John E.,Dietz, Sarah,Masseron, Thomas American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal Vol.835 No.1

<P>We obtain estimates of stellar atmospheric parameters for a previously published sample of 1777 relatively bright (9 < B < 14) metal-poor candidates from the Hamburg/ESO Survey. The original Frebel et al. analysis of these stars was able to derive estimates of [Fe/H] and [C/Fe] only for a subset of the sample, due to limitations in the methodology then available. A new spectroscopic analysis pipeline has been used to obtain estimates of T-eff, log g, [Fe/H], and [C/Fe] for almost the entire data set. This sample is very local-about 90% of the stars are located within 0.5 kpc of the Sun. We consider the chemodynamical properties of these stars in concert with a similarly local sample of stars from a recent analysis of the Bidelman and MacConnell 'weak metal' candidates by Beers et al. We use this combined sample to identify possible members of the halo stream of stars suggested by Helmi et al. and Chiba & Beers, as well as stars that may be associated with stripped debris from the putative parent dwarf of the globular cluster Omega Centauri, suggested to exist by previous authors. We identify a clear increase in the cumulative frequency of carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars with declining metallicity, as well as an increase in the fraction of CEMP stars with distance from the Galactic plane, consistent with previous results. We also identify a relatively large number of CEMP stars with kinematics consistent with the metal-weak thick-disk population, with possible implications for its origin.</P>

A Donor–Acceptor–Donor Structured Organic Conductor with S···S Chalcogen Bonding

Bai, Monalisa,Thomas, Sajesh P.,Kottokkaran, Ranjith,Nayak, Susanta K.,Ramamurthy, Praveen C.,Guru Row, T. N. American Chemical Society 2014 Crystal Growth & Design Vol.14 No.2

<P>A novel thiophene derivative 7,9-di(thiophen-2-yl)-8<I>H</I>-cyclopenta[a]acenaphthylen-8-one (DTCPA) is shown to exhibit high electrical conductivity (1.97 × 10<SUP>–2</SUP> ± 0.0018 S/cm at RT) in the crystalline state. The material shows two orders of increase in conductivity from normal solid to single crystalline state. The crystal structure has S···S chalcogen bonding, C–H···O hydrogen bonding, and π···π stacking as the major intermolecular interactions. The nature and strength of the S···S interactions in this structure have been evaluated by theoretical charge density analysis, and its contribution to the crystal packing quantified by Hirshfeld surface analysis. Further, thermal and morphological characterizations have been carried out, and the second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency has been measured using the Kurtz–Perry method.</P><P>A novel donor−acceptor−donor structured material with S···S chalcogen bonding is shown to exhibit high electrical conductivity in the crystalline state. Two different types of intermolecular S···S interactions present in the material are shown to be similar to type I and type II halogen bonds, in terms of charge density distribution.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cgdefu/2014/cgdefu.2014.14.issue-2/cg401069y/production/images/medium/cg-2013-01069y_0014.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cg401069y'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>