골프가 여가에 미치는 영향

백병주,김명선 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 2004 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this paper to describe the influence of participation in the golf activities The results of the study based on data analysis are follows ; First, it has been revealed that the higher the participation in golf activities, the higher (Psychological, educational, social, physiological, and environmental) leisure satisfaction. Second, the results indicates that the longer the period participation in golf activities, and the frequency of the participation in golf activities, the higher (Psychological, educational, social, physiological) leisure satisfaction. Also the environmental leisure satisfaction has no relation with the period of participation from a staristical viewpoint. Based upon the analysis of the results and within limitation of this study, it concluded that the participation in the golf activities enhaces leisure satisfaction.

프로골프선수의 인성 및 훈련실태분석

백병주,이석동 龍仁大學校 2001 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.19 No.-

The purpose of this study was to provide an instructional and educational reference to enhance their performance by establishing semi professional golfers' identity through reviewing and understanding their individualities, family backgrounds and way of thinking. 80 pro golfers, who passed the semi-pro test in the second half in 2000, were selected to answer a questionnaire and the result was reviewed and statistically analyzed. 1) The age of the sample group spread in their teenage (27.5%), 20's (52.5%) and 30's(20%). The major career of golf was 8 years. 2) A number of people (43.8%) did not earn money whereas their spending for golf practice was considerable. 3) They practiced mainly at golf centers but were not inclined to go rounding. 4) A large number of people (40%) had started golf by the motivation or encouragement by their family. 5) The majority believed the prosperity as tour pro golfers. 6) Most of them were highly content with their job as a pro golfer. 7) A large number of golfers thought that the number of tours and the amount of awards were not enough and this would make them destitute accordingly.

골프동호인의 운동 상해에 관한 조사연구

백남섭,이근일,백병주 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 2001 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.11 No.1

This study has a purpose to prevent injury in the aspect of remedy by investigating golf club member's troughs of exercise injury and to provide basic materials for effective goal-achieving and secure the stability of golf playing to achieve these goal, I conducted a survey to golf club members of a golf range in Kangrung city, Kangwon -do, and the following are the results of this study. First, the frequency of injury occurring in performing golf skills is high in the lefthand(in the upper palm 36.1%),the right hand part(in the upper palm 37.6%), injury symptom(light injury 52.7%), thumb in the left hand(the right side of the center of the shaft 42.4%)and form of grip(strong grip 46.8%). Second, the frequency of injury in swing is high in an orbit progress in swing(in -to-out 43.4%), understanding of swing mechanism(partial understanding 63.4%), the contents of swing mechanism(swing) orbit(39.0%), movement division in swing orbit(finish 28.3%), ways of take - back of swing orbit(pull inward a club head 47.8%), injury symptom in take back(pain 30.2%), body part by bake back(shoulder 34.1%), impact method(when trying to send a ball too far 53.2%), injury symptom in impact(pain 46.8%) and body part by impact(waist 43.9%), And the frequency of injury is high-through(dislocation 51.7%),injury part by follow-through(the right arm 25.4%), finish ways(when trying to make a finish position too high 44.9%), injury symptom by finish(waist pain 31.7%) and body part injury by finish(waist31.7%). Third, the frequency of injury caused by the reason of injury in performing skills and how to heal is high in emotions when injury occurs(worrying about not going into the field(30.7%), the term of treatment when injury occurs(physical treatment 54.0%), The reason of injury(insufficient warm - up 42.4%), the recognition of preventing injury(skill improvement59.0%), and the practice of warm-up(barely did53.7%).

골프지도자의 지도실태 조사연구

백병주,이석동 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 2002 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this study was to research about teaching condition of golf instructors. The study of this subject was performed by sample survey for 50 professional golf trainers. The study shows the following facts. Most of the instructors depended on their experiences rather than teaching plans and their income varied by their levels of qualification or locations and regions where they worked. The average age of the sample was 31 years of age and high school graduates took the biggest share (33 people ) in education level. 36%(18 people) of sample instructors had 6 to 10 years of teaching career and 78% (39 people)of them were qualified as an instructor with certificate. 11 PGA professional golfers in the sample trained student golfers and earned a large amount of money. On the other hand, the semiprofessionals in the sample gave a lesson to adults and were paid 100,000~200,000 Won per person for monthly lesson fee. The non-qualified instructors worked mostly at indoor golf practice ranges and they earned 1,000,000Won~ 1,500,000 Won of montly salary and they are not paid well comparing wit professionals or semiprofessionals. In most case, the instructors got advice from their peer or senior instructors when they came across obstacles in teaching. 40%(20 people)of the instructors did not have any instruction plans but gave lessons to their trainees based on their own golf experiences in an unplanned way. 60%(30 people)of the instructors said they were studying the method of teaching and 74%(37 people)said they kept consistency in their methods. The instructors focused on trainees interest and enjoyment with a high priority and they used round score as the key estimative objective of trainees. We rarely have any well-established course for professional golf trainers in Korea in the present. It was a few years ago that we began to open a golf department in universities such as Y, J, H University and started to educate professional instructors. Despite the current realities, the PGA member has settle up few trainership programs. Accordingly, the related organizations are required not to select professional trainers only for their physical abilities but to establish instructorship courses and select trainers in a period of time during the courses.

캐디들의 의식구조에 관한 연구

백병주, 이석동 용인대학교 체육과학연구소 2000 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.10 No.1

There are generally two kinds of cadies such as a house cads and a player cady. However the duty of cady is basically helping the golfer who only concern with the comfortability of their shots. For a cads to help the player well, The country club should have a good climate. Cadies say they do not like their working atmosphere because of the lack of facilities and lounges. Since the cads had worked all day earlier, if the country club could prepare those facilities, lounges, and a place to sleep, they would work better. The cadies mentioned that the golfer treated them with ignorance and unhuman being. Even if the golfer Paid the cads, they should be treated as a human beings. The cady noted also golfer should have good manners and keep golf rule instead of playing well. Sometimes golfer think it was cady's mistake when they did not play well. The other thing was that the manager of country club should consider the health of cads While the cadies work as toadies, their health are getting worse because of irregular work. Everybody has experiences of trouble one or two times with the cads even though it could be the mistake of golfer or cads. At this time if golfers keep the wolf rule to themselves and if cadies do their job to the best with manager support for the cads to work better, everybody will enjoy.

골프지도자의 역할지각 및 직무만족과의 관계

백병주,이근일,유승원 龍仁大學校 2003 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.21 No.-

This study purposes to find out the relationship between role awareness and self-realization according to the types of golf instructors. To do this, I made analyses on three point---the difference between role awareness and position satisfaction in accordance with the social and demographic characteristics of golf teachers, the difference between role awareness and position satisfaction under the qualified types of golf teachers, and finally the influences to position satisfaction by the role awareness of the golf teachers. The study was surveyed on 250 golf teachers in indoor or outdoor golf rages or sports centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province by a random cluster sampling and actually used data were from 228 respondents excluding 22 persons who were considered to respond insincerely or omit some parts. The statistic analysis methods used in the study are correlation and regression. I finally got the following results in this study through the data analysis from the above-stated methods and procedure. among the influential factors which role awareness gives to position satisfaction, it shows the significant level at 5 percent in role conflicts in fellowship, working environment, and payment, in vague roles in fellowship, working environment, payment and promotion and the excessive roles in work itself. working environment, and promotion. In the case of position satisfaction, it showed description 69.0%(R^2=.690) in role conflict, 73.6%(R^2=.736) in vague roles, and 49.3%(R^2=.493) in excessive roles.

골퍼(golfer)들의 골프장 이용에 대한 소비자 만족도 조사

백병주,김명선 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 2004 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine visitor's satisfaction about facilities and services in golf links. The subjects of this study were 220 people are playing golf at specific four golf links in kyung-ki province. The conclusions are as follows; Firstly, In the visitor's sex, the male was more satisfied with the locker room and shower room, and it revealed significant difference statistically. In the visitor's age, over the 60 years were generally satisfied with every factors without costs, but it did not reveal significant difference statistically. In the visitor's scholarly attainments, significant difference was revealed in the factor of scenery and course, and more learned was not satisfied with other factors such as locker room and shower room, service, restroom and booking, etc. In the visitor' income, significant difference was revealed statistically in every factors, and visitors who earned 1,000 thousand won per month revealed the lowest satisfaction level. Secondly, In the visitor's career, significant difference was revealed in the other factors such as lighting, scenery and facilities, and high career visitors were not satisfied with the factors of subordinate position. In the visitor's batting average, significant difference was revealed in every factors without the service, costs and caddie. In the visitor's reason of choice, significant difference was not revealed at the number of usage per month, reason of visit and member or nonmember without the scenery and course.

중․고 골프선수의 지도자 리더십유형이 선수성숙도에 미치는 영향

백병주,김순희 용인대학교 국제스포츠과학연구원 체육과학연구소 2008 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.18 No.1

The purpose of this research was to identify the effects of the leadership types of the middle and high school golf coaches on the player's maturity by establishing a hypothetical casuality model based on the precedent research. Based on the aforementioned research methods and the data analysis results, the following conclusions were drawn. First, results from analysis of leadership style according to demographic variables of middle school golf players revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in all the variables. Second, results from analysis of differences in leadership style according to demographic variables of high school golf players showed that there were statistically significant differences in training instructions, dictatorial training, and positive feedback accordant with sex. There were also statistical differences in training instructions accordant with the hours of training time per day, and there were statically significant differences in positive feedback accordant with the number of training per week. Third, results from analysis of differences in the player's maturity according to demographic variables of middle school golf players indicated that there were statistically significant differences in the maturity of exercise performance accordant only with the player's golf career. Fourth, results from analysis of the players' maturity according to demographic variables of high school golf players revealed that there were statistically significant differences in psychological maturity accordant with sex, and in the maturity of exercise performance, accordant with school years, and in the maturity of exercise performance, accordant with golf career, and in both the maturity of exercise performance and psychological maturity, accordant with the hours of training time per day, and in psychological maturity, accordant with the number of training per week. Fifth, analysis results revealed that democratic coaching style and dictatorial training had statistically significant influences on the maturity of exercise performance among sub variables of leadership types of middle school golf instructors, and that positive feedback had statistically significant impacts on the psychological maturity. Sixth, the results from analysis of variables indicated that training instructions had statically significant effects on the maturity of exercise performance among the sub variables of leadership types of high school golf coaches, and that positive feedback affected psychological maturity in a statistically significant fashion.

중학교 체육교사의 실제학습시간 연구

백병주,이원길 龍仁大學校 2003 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.21 No.-

The aim of this paper is to analyze the academic learning time on teachers of physical education at a middle school. This paper indicates that it suggests the basis data of physical education class plan and of efficient teaching operation as to the class form. The result is as follows; First, there is no difference in operation of physical education class according to teacher's distinction of sex, but male teachers show high time ratios relatively than female teachers in warming up, thus there is difference between males and female teachers group in warming up time ratio. But in practice of subject achievement function female teachers show fairly high time ratio, thus there is difference between malos and female teachers group. Secondly, there is no difference in operation of physical education class according to reacher's career, but in subject processing function, more than 10 year career teachers show higher time ratio than 3 year career teachers, especially more than 10 year career teachers consume higher time ratio in practice, thus there is difference between two groups. Finally, the distinction of sex, career effect were exposed and showed there is no difference in whole physical education class operation, by physical education real class time pattern analysis system, and in lower factor, there is difference between two groups.

골프지도자의 자격유형에 따른 교육적 기반과 생활환경에 관한 연구

백병주,유승원 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 2003 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.13 No.1

This study aims to provide cultural and technical information and data on golf instructors' educational and personal life and their social status by closely examining their lifestyle revolving mostly around the golf range. After entering into the world of golf, many, if not all, of them commit themselves fully to golf in terms of money and effort over a long period of time in order to improve skills as a golfer. And after playing in a number of amateur golf tournaments and passing a sort of exams designed to test their qualification, they eventually get into the world of professional golf. Their life pattern changes gradually to suit a particular league or tournament. Through the change that often entails anguish and conflicts, golf players become more mature and develop ability to teach others. Starting fresh as an instructor, they attempt to teach students based on strategies and skills, which are systemized to some extent but focused mainly on practical training at the same time. In this period of their life, golf instructors usually try to rectify personal shortcomings and improve financial conditions while bracing for a second life as a player. These efforts, however, bring both positive and negative emotions to them. Consequently, they become confused as to what their own identity really is. And they instinctively try to get over this hardship through self rationalization. But the anguish and conflicts bothering them are not easily removed. The study result mentioned above gives us problems as well as implications to consider from the viewpoint of pedagogy, and they are as follows: First, as the function of a golf range and golf-related policies is tilted overly toward profit-making not just in terms of the substitution effect relating to physical education and workout practiced in daily life but also in terms of "money earning more money," golf is largely commercial and private. That commercial motivation prevails over educational functionality when it comes to a golf range or related policies is a serious matter. Therefore, a large sum of investment is absolutely necessary to nurture an excellent player. And this is why golf is regarded by many ordinary people as something very different from other sports. In view of this peculiar aspect, agencies and organizations responsible for raising and training golf players and instructors must offer programs that are designed to provide effective and practical training to those aspiring to become a player or an instructor. In so doing, they need to pay attention to cost saving and other productive measures so as to ultimately transform golf education into a complementary/substitute means to traditional physical education and daily physical exercise. Second, in most cases, golf ranges and instructors seem to devote too much of their time and resources to teaching practical skills and tips rather than to developing intellectual capability and educational acumen of students and trainees. This problematic aspect or trend, which stems largely from Korea's elitist physical-education policy, can be wiped out only when we do away with excessive commercialism and materialism noted by endless pursuit of mundane fame and wealth and instead assign a higher level of value to the education designed to teach true knowledge and morality. Also, a systematic educational foundation should be prepared so that golf can be accepted and played more widely in the future. Third, the job insecurity and low social status of golf instructors make their attempt at second life as a player all the more difficult. The two problems also push golf instructors to focus increasingly on money-making. The unstable identity of golf instructors is directly related to the current educational environment in which a golf instructor is perceived to be teaching practical skills for a particular sport instead of teaching physical-education in a broad sense. Solving the less-than-desirable situation requires institutional support in the form of proper environment for various physical activities and feedback, seminars on continuing education, public space for self development, education-related public offices offering space, assistance and incentives, and job security. Fourth, we are living in the era of "education inflation" here in Korea. Educational background must not mean everything in and for one's life. But it may be necessary for an instructor to gain confidence and respect from the public. In this regard, if it is deems that the overall level of education for golf instructors is low, it is important to add more programs and classes to the existing curriculum so as to help instructors develop intellectual strength to work comfortably with complicated topics. It is true that the word 'golf instructor' still sounds strange to ordinary people and even some of those involved in physical education. But this much is true. Golf instructors are shouldering their share of the burden for physical education, and their endeavor is making golf become more and more popular. confused due to irrational circumstances and policies, golf instructors in Korea, however, will surely play a pioneering role for the nation's future education. In consideration of this, the government must actively lend a helping hand to them.