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Kim, Byoung Gak,Sohn, Eun-Ho,Lee, Jong-Chan Wiley - VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA 2007 Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics Vol.208 No.9
<P>Two CF<SUB>3</SUB>-terminated polymers were synthesized by polymer analogous reactions in order to study the effect of the terminal CF<SUB>3</SUB> groups on their surface properties. ESCA and NEXAFS showed that they contain highly ordered side chains oriented perpendicularly to the polymer surface. The CF<SUB>3</SUB>-terminated polymers showed enhanced wettability by polar solvents as compared to the corresponding CH<SUB>3</SUB>-terminated polymers, while the wettability by non-polar dodecane showed the opposite trend. This was attributed to specific interactions between the oriented surface dipoles of the CF<SUB>3</SUB>-terminated surfaces and the polar solvents. Thus, terminal CF<SUB>3</SUB> groups in a polymer can increase its surface polarity.</P><P> <img src='wiley_img/10221352-2007-208-9-MACP200600674-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/10221352-2007-208-9-MACP200600674-gra001'> </P>
Polysiloxanes Containing Alkyl Side Groups: Synthesis and Mesomorphic Behavior
Kim, Byoung-Gak,Moon, Jin-Kyung,Sohn, Eun-Ho,Lee, Jong-Chan,Yeo, Jong-Kee The Polymer Society of Korea 2008 Macromolecular Research Vol.16 No.1
A series of polysiloxanes containing alkylsulfonyl side groups were synthesized using a polymer analogous reaction beginning from poly(methylhydrosiloxane) and the corresponding olefins. These polymers showed a mesomorphic behavior with smectic liquid crystalline phases. The chemical and physical properties of these polymers were examined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, optical polarizing microscopy, and X-ray diffraction.
Solubilization and polymer analogous reactions of polyepichlorohydrin in ionic liquids
Kim, Byoung Gak,Sohn, Eun-Ho,Chung, Jae-Seung,Kwak, Seung-Yeop,Lee, Jong-Chan Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Journal of applied polymer science Vol.114 No.1
<P>Polyepichlorohydrin containing reactive chloromethyl side groups was found to be highly soluble in polar ionic liquids containing halide anions such as 1-n-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride, 1-n-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide, and 1-n-hexyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride, whereas it was insoluble in less polar ionic liquids such as 1-n-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate and 1-n-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate. The reaction of polyepichlorohydrin with thiolates and thiol compounds in the polar ionic liquids as reaction media produced polyoxyethylenes with thioether side groups in very high conversions and yields. When polyepichlorohydrin was reacted with sodium 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorinated decanethiolate in 1-n-hexyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride at 70°C and the product was separated through centrifugation, the ionic liquid could be used more than four times, and high conversions (>70 mol %) and yields (>62 wt %) were maintained. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009</P>
동남아시아 개발도상국가에서 제도의 수준이 FDI 유입에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
김병각(Byoung-Gak Kim),박세운(Sae-Woon Park),이선혜(Sun-Hae Lee) 한국무역연구원 2020 무역연구 Vol.16 No.1
Purpose- The purpose of study is to empirically analyze the non-linear effects of the institutional quality on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in the 13 South-East Asian countries (8 ASEAN countries, India, Sri Lanca, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Nepal), and present implications for these countries to increase FDI inflows. Design/methodology - The panel regression is conducted with balanced panel data to measure the effect of the institutional quality on FDI inflows. The FDI as the ratio of GDP is used as the dependent variable. The independent variables are score or percentile index of World Bank’s Worldwide Governance Indicators. Control variables include GDP growth, inflation, labor force supply, export orientation, financial market development, log(GDP), capital market openness, relative labor cost, and fixed asset formation. Also, the one year lagged values of the explanatory variables were used to control potential endogeneity. Most of the data are obtained from the World Bank’s data base. Findings- First, the institutional quality has a non-linear effect on FDI inflows, and when the institutional quality becomes above a threshold level, the improvement of institutional quality will result in more FDI inflows. Second, the coefficient of relative labor cost variable shows a significantly negative sign, indicating that foreign investors favor countries where relative labor costs are low. Third, GDP growth, export orientation, military expenditure, capital market openness, gross fixed capital formation have significantly positive impact on FDI inflows while inflation and GDP have significantly negative influence. Research implications or Originality- To secure funds and technology for economic development, developing countries in Southeast Asia are heavily dependent on FDI inflows. To attract FDI, as the empirical results show, they should improve their institutional quality above a threshold level. Therefore, it is suggested that their governments make efforts to improve the institutional quality, first of all, for their economic growth. Unlike prior studies of this kind whose periods are limited up until 2010, which may not fully explain the phenomenon because it was since 2010 that FDI inflows into the developing countries in this region has been increasing dramatically, this study extends the analysis period to 2017 to include the period of FDI surge. In this respect, this study can contribute to the literature.
Shim, Jimin,Kim, Hee Joong,Kim, Byoung Gak,Kim, Yong Seok,Kim, Dong-Gyun,Lee, Jong-Chan The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol.10 No.9
<P>The multifunctional properties of 2D boron nitride nanoflakes (BNNFs) in gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are presented. A small addition (0.5 wt%) of BNNFs into the GPE substantially improves all the advantageous properties of the GPE including ionic conductivity, Li<SUP>+</SUP> transference number, mechanical modulus, and dendrite-suppressing capability, thereby enabling high performance lithium metal batteries.</P>
Effects of cross-linking methods for polyethylene-based carbon fibers: review
Kwan-Woo Kim,Hye-Min Lee,Jeong-Hun An,Byoung-Suhk Kim,Byung-Gak Min,Shin-Jae Kang,Kay-Hyeok An,Byung-Joo Kim 한국탄소학회 2015 Carbon Letters Vol.16 No.3
In recent decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) in aerospace, renewable energy and other industries, due to its low weight and relatively good mechanical properties compared with traditional metals. However, due to the high cost of petroleum-based precursors and their associated processing costs, CF remains a specialty product and as such has been limited to use in high-end aerospace, sporting goods, automotive, and specialist industrial applications. The high cost of CF is a problem in various applications and the use of CFRP has been impeded by the high cost of CF in various applications. This paper presents an overview of research related to the fabrication of low cost CF using polyethylene (PE) control technology, and identifies areas requiring additional research and development. It critically reviews the results of cross-linked PE control technology studies, and the development of promising control technologies, including acid, peroxide, radiation and silane cross-linking methods.
Simultaneous flow enhancement of high-filled polyamide 66/glass fiber composites
Choi, Hwan Seok,Lim, Dohyun,Kim, Dong-Gyun,Kim, Byoung Gak,Kim, Yong Seok,Lee, Sung-Goo,Kim, Sang Gu,Park, Byung Wook,Seo, Kwan Ho,Yoon, Ho Gyu,Yoo, Youngjae Elsevier 2017 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.722 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this work, we investigated the effects of the flow modifier addition on the rheological behavior and mechanical properties of high-filled polyamide 66 composites prepared from melt compounding. The flow modifiers were prepared from various amine monomers and fatty acids, and their structures were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The synthesized flow modifiers were added simultaneously during melt compounding. The presence of flow modifiers significantly reduced torque in neat polyamide 66 polymer and glass fiber-reinforced polyamide 66 composites, respectively, while the torque during compounding in composites with glass fiber contents of 50 wt% has decreased by approximately 12% after the addition of 1 phr of hexamethylene <I>bis</I>-stearamide indicating the simultaneous enhancement in flowability. The presence of the synthesized flow modifiers in matrix polymers improves flowability of the composites during injection molding without compromising the mechanical properties.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Amide-based flow modifiers were successfully prepared. </LI> <LI> Image analysis of glass fiber in the composites was directly correlated with the properties of the composites. </LI> <LI> Analytical model analysis shows good agreement with the properties of the composites. </LI> </UL> </P>
Jeon, Jun Woo,Han, Jae Hee,Kim, Sung-Kon,Kim, Dong-Gyun,Kim, Yong Seok,Suh, Dong Hack,Hong, Young Taik,Kim, Tae-Ho,Kim, Byoung Gak The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for e Vol.6 No.19
<P>The growing demands of next-generation applications for high power and energy sources necessitate advances in hierarchically porous carbon-based energy storage materials, which improve the overall kinetics of electrolytic reactions by providing efficient ion and electron transport pathways and facilitate electrolyte infiltration into the electrode during charging/discharging. Herein, we fabricate hierarchically structured porous carbon electrodes (cNPIM), prepared by solution casting of a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) followed by nonsolvent-induced phase separation and carbonization. The obtained material exhibits a considerable surface area (∼2100 m<SUP>2</SUP>g<SUP>−1</SUP>), high electrical conductivity (150 S cm<SUP>−1</SUP>), high specific capacitances (345, 235, and 195 F g<SUP>−1</SUP>in three-, two-electrode aqueous systems, and two-electrode organic systems, respectively) at 1 A g<SUP>−1</SUP>, and an exceptional specific energy of 43.2 W h kg<SUP>−1</SUP>at a specific power of 1.25 kW kg<SUP>−1</SUP>, featuring a pore size gradient in the surface normal direction.</P>