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Age of Information in Multihop Multicast Networks
Baturalp Buyukates,Alkan Soysal,Sennur Ulukus 한국통신학회 2019 Journal of communications and networks Vol.21 No.3
We consider the age of information in a multihop multicastnetwork where there is a single source node sending timesensitiveupdates to nL end nodes, and L denotes the number ofhops. In the first hop, the source node sends updates to n first-hopreceiver nodes, and in the second hop each first-hop receiver noderelays the update packets that it has received to n further usersthat are connected to it. This network architecture continues infurther hops such that each receiver node in hop ` is connected ton further receiver nodes in hop ` + 1. We study the age of informationexperienced by the end nodes, and in particular, its scalingas a function of n. We show that, using an earliest k transmissionscheme in each hop, the age of information at the end nodes can bemade a constant independent of n. In particular, the source nodetransmits each update packet to the earliest k1 of the n first-hopnodes, and each first-hop node that receives the update relays it tothe earliest k2 out of n second-hop nodes that are connected to itand so on. We determine the optimum k` stopping value for eachhop ` for arbitrary shifted exponential link delays.
Asli Baysal,Faruk Izzet Ucar,Suleyman Kutalmis Buyuk,Torun Ozer,Tancan Uysal 대한치과교정학회 2013 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.43 No.3
Objective: To evaluate lower incisor position and bony support between patients with Class II average- and high-angle malocclusions and compare with the patients presenting Class I malocclusions. Methods: CBCT records of 79 patients were divided into 2 groups according to sagittal jaw relationships: Class I and II. Each group was further divided into average- and high-angle subgroups. Six angular and 6 linear measurements were performed. Independent samples t-test, Kruskal?Wallis, and Dunn post-hoc tests were performed for statistical comparisons. Results: Labial alveolar bone thickness was significantly higher in Class I group compared to Class II group (p = 0.003). Lingual alveolar bone angle (p = 0.004), lower incisor protrusion (p = 0.007) and proclination (p = 0.046) were greatest in Class II average-angle patients. Spongious bone was thinner (p = 0.016) and root apex was closer to the labial cortex in high-angle subgroups when compared to the Class II average-angle subgroup (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Mandibular anterior bony support and lower incisor position were different between average- and high-angle Class II patients. Clinicians should be aware that the range of lower incisor movement in high-angle Class II patients is limited compared to average- angle Class II patients.
Baysal, Asli,Ucar, Faruk Izzet,Buyuk, Suleyman Kutalmis,Ozer, Torun,Uysal, Tancan The Korean Association Of Orthodontists 2013 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.43 No.3
Objective: To evaluate lower incisor position and bony support between patients with Class II average- and high-angle malocclusions and compare with the patients presenting Class I malocclusions. Methods: CBCT records of 79 patients were divided into 2 groups according to sagittal jaw relationships: Class I and II. Each group was further divided into average- and high-angle subgroups. Six angular and 6 linear measurements were performed. Independent samples t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn post-hoc tests were performed for statistical comparisons. Results: Labial alveolar bone thickness was significantly higher in Class I group compared to Class II group (p = 0.003). Lingual alveolar bone angle (p = 0.004), lower incisor protrusion (p = 0.007) and proclination (p = 0.046) were greatest in Class II average-angle patients. Spongious bone was thinner (p = 0.016) and root apex was closer to the labial cortex in high-angle subgroups when compared to the Class II average-angle subgroup (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Mandibular anterior bony support and lower incisor position were different between average- and high-angle Class II patients. Clinicians should be aware that the range of lower incisor movement in high-angle Class II patients is limited compared to average- angle Class II patients.
Savas Guzel,Ozden Serin,Eda Celik Guzel,Banu Buyuk,Güzin Yılmaz,Guvenc Güvenen 대한내과학회 2013 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.28 No.2
Background/Aims: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is characterized by increased inflammatory processes and endothelial activation. We investigated the association between ACS and inflammatory mediators and matrix-degrading enzymes. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 55 consecutive patients with ACS: 25 with unstable angina (UA) and 30 with non-ST elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). For comparison, 25 age- and sex-matched subjects with no significant coronary artery stenosis were included as the control group. Peripheral serum levels of interleukin (IL)-33, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, tissue inhibitor of MMP-1, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured on admission, and at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the initial evaluation. Results: Compared to serum levels in the control group, serum levels of IL-33 decreased in the NSTEMI group (p < 0.05), and levels of MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 increased in the UA group (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, respectively) and NSTEMI group (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). IL-33 levels were significantly lower on admission than at 12 hours after the initial evaluation (p < 0.05). IL-33 levels were negatively correlated with MMP-9 levels (r = -0.461, p < 0.05) and CRP levels (r = -0.441, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Elevated levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1, and decreased levels of IL-33 play a role in the development and progression of ACS.