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LOCA이후 환경에서 원자로건물집수조 여과기의 수두손실에 대한 화학적 영향
구희권(Ku, Hee-Kwon),정범영(Jung, Bum-Young),홍광(Hong, Kwang),정은선(Jeong, Eun-Sun),정현준(Jeong Hyun-Jun),박병기(Park, Byung-Gi),이인형(Rhee In-Hyoung),박종운(Park, Jong-Woon) 한국산학기술학회 2009 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.10 No.11
냉각재상실사고이후 원전의 원자로건물집수조 여과기에서 화학적 영향을 고려한 수두손실을 종합적으로 평 가하기 위한 시험장치를 개발하였다. 시험장치에서 원자로건물집수조와 시험장치에서 물 부피에 대한 여과기 면적의 비가 일치하도록 시험조건을 설정하고 시험을 수행하였다. TSP pH 조절제 조건에서 칼슘실리케이트는 시험 초기에 수두손실을 급격히 상승시켰기 때문에 원자로건물에서 모든 칼슘실리케이트를 제거하여야 함을 확인하였다. 비상노심 냉각계통 살수지속시간의 차이에 따른 시험결과는 장기살수조건이 단기살수조건에 비해 12배 정도 높은 수두손실을 보였다. 살수조건 시험결과를 화학적 영향이 없는 수두손실과 비교하면 단기살수와 장기살수의 각 조건에서 5.6배 및 60.8배 수두손실이 증가하는 결과를 보였다. 화학적 영향은 재순환수에 노출된 물질의 양에 따라 초기의 일정기간 동 안 알루미늄 및 아연도금 판의 부식에 의해 급격히 증가하고 이들이 부동피막을 형성한 이후에는 NUKONTM 및 콘 크리트 등에서 침출된 화학종의 침전에 기인하여 증가율이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 실험결과는 TSP에 의한 알루미 늄의 부동피막 형성이 살수시간이 길어지고 알루미늄의 양이 많을 경우 효과적이지 않다는 것을 보였다. A test apparatus has been fabricated to simulate chemical effect on head loss through a strainer in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) containment water pool after a loss of coolant accident (LOCA). Tests were conducted under condition of same ratio of strainer surface area to water volume between the test appratus and the containment sump. A series of tests have been performed to investigate the effects of spray, existence of calcium-silicate with tri-sodium phosphate (TSP), and composition of materials. The results showed that head loss across the chemical bed with even a small amount of calcium-silicate insulation instantaneously increased as soon as TSP was added to the test solution. Also, the head loss across the test screen is strongly affected by spray duration and is increased rapidly at the early stage, because of high dissolution and precipitation of aluminum and zinc. After passivation of aluminum and zinc by corrosion, the head loss increase is much slowed down and is mainly induced by materials such as calcium, silicon, and magnesium leached from NUKONTM and concrete. Furthermore, it is newly found that the spay buffer agent, tri-sodium phosphate, to form protective coating on the aluminum surface and reduce aluminum leaching is not effective for a large amount of aluminum and a long spray.
LOCA이후 원자로건물집수조 여과기의 수두손실에 대한 화학적 영향의 실험연구
구희권(Ku, Hee-Kwon),정범영(Jung, Bum-Young),홍광(Hong, Kwang),정은선(Jeong, Eun-Sun),정현준(Jeong Hyun-Jun),박병기(Park, Byung-Gi),이인형(Rhee In-Hyoung),박종운(Park, Jong-Woon) 한국산학기술학회 2009 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.10 No.12
원자력발전소에서 냉각재상실사고이후 원자로건물집수조 여과기에서 화학적 영향에 의한 수두손실 변화를 관찰하기 위하여 시험장치에서 단기살수조건, 장기살수조건, 및 화학적 영향을 주는 물질이 없는 조건에 대해 30일 동안 종합적인 수두손실 시험을 수행하였다. 시험결과는 수두손실이 살수조건에 따라 노출된 화학적 영향을 주는 물 질의 양에 크게 의존함을 보였다. 시험종료후 수거된 침전물의 XRD 분석은 침전물이 주로 인산화합물임을 보였다. 수두손실과 용해된 화학종의 비교결과는 화학적 영향을 주는 물질 중에서 Al과 Zn의 부식이 시험 초기에 높은 수두 손실 증가율의 원인이 됨을 보였다. 금속 시편에 부동피막이 형성된 이후에 수두손실 증가율은 감소하지만 지속적으로 수두손실이 증가하는 현상은 NUKON 및 콘크리트에서 침출반응에 의해 발생하는 Si, Mg, 및 Ca이 침전물을 형성 하는 반응에 기인함을 보였다. An integral head loss test in a test apparatus was conducted to simulate chemical effects on a head loss across a strainer in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) containment water pool after a loss of coolant accident (LOCA). The test was conducted during 30 days in the condition of a short spray, a long spray, and no materials with chemical effects. The result exhibited that the head loss was affected on amounts of the exposed materials according to spray conditions. XRD analysis of the collected precipitates showed that the precipitates were phosphate compounds. Comparison of the head loss with dissolved species concentration showed that high increase rate of the head loss resulted from the corrosion of aluminum and zinc but slow increase rate of the head loss resulted from the precipitates induced by Si, Mg, and Ca from leaching reaction at NUKON and concrete after passivation of metal specimens.
Optimization of the Input Fundamental Beam by Using a Spatial Filter Consisting of Two Apertures
강봉훈,주기태,Bum Ku Rhee 한국물리학회 2010 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.56 No.1
The primary importance of the power efficiency of second-harmonic generation (SHG) is determined by using the spatial shape of the fundamental input beam, its confocal parameter. The improvement of the fundamental input beam by using a spatial filter consisting of two apertures. The beam quality factor M2 of the improved fundamental beam was about 2.3.
Nonlinear Optical Response of 1-D Photonic Crystals Fabricated by Using a Sol-Gel Method
황지수,우정원,Bum Ku Rhee,안일신,Ji Hoon Kwak,Min Jung Kim,Seung Mook Lee 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.5I
The picosecond nonlinear optical response in .ve-bilayered SiO2/TiO2 structures of one- dimensional photonic crystals fabricated by using a sol-gel method is reported. We observe nonlin- ear optical changes in the transmission at both bandgap edges, an 8 % decrease at the high-energy edge, and a 4:5 % increase at the low-energy edge. These changes correspond to a blue shift of the bandgap. The observed reponse originates from the optical nonlinearity of the TiO2 layer.
Quantum theory of multiwave mixing with a local field correction
An, Sung-Hyuck,Rhee, Bum-Ku Optical Society of Korea 1997 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.1 No.2
In this paper, we calculate the four coefficients for the quantum theory of multiwave mixing including a local-field correction resulting from dipole-dipole interactions. We make contact with the semiclassical calculations of probe absorption and four-wave-mixing coupling coefficients, and illustrate the effects of local field corrections on resonance-fluorescence and coupled-mode-fluorescence spectra. The method uses the hybrid quantum-Langevin-equation master-equation approach of An and Sargent.
Kim, Hong-Ki,Rhee, Bum--Ku Optical Society of Korea 2001 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.5 No.4
We investigated a high-output ower, periodically poled lithium niobate(PPLN) optical parametric oscillator(OPO) pumped by a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Given the low optical damage threshold and the limited aperture (0.5mm thick) of PPLN, we tried to maximize the signal output power in a linear cavity consisting of two flat mirrors with a loosely focused pump beam. It is found that this simple cavity structure allowed a robust OPO operation, which was not sensitive to alignment compared with the conventional ones using concave mirrors. A maximum energy of 100$\mu$J/pulse was achieved for the signal at 1.36${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, while the oscillation threshold was 0.3 mJ/pulse for the pump at 1064 nm.
Growth and Properties of Co-doped Ce,Mn:LiTaO<sub>3</sub> Single Crystals
Gang, Bong-Hoon,Rhee, Bum-Ku,Lim, Ki-Soo,Bae, Sung-Ho,Joo, Gi-Tae The Korean Ceramic Society 2002 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.39 No.8
The Ce, Mn: $LiTaO_3$ crystals were grown by Czochralski method in congruent ${\varphi}$3" $LiTaO_3$ single crystal growing conditions. Concentrations of Ce and Mn in melt were respectively 0.1 mole%. As-grown crystals were red, transparent and the grown crystals were tested with oxidation/reduction treatment for clor and other properties. Influence of Ce and Mn dopants on $LiTaO_3$ crystal properties was discussed. And the nonlinear optical properties of the Ce, Mn: $LiTaO_3$ crystal are being studied.
Lee, Seung-Mook,Rhee, Bum-Ku,Lee, Sang-Ho,Lee, Chul-Joo,Park, Ki-Hong Korean Society of Photoscience 2003 Journal of Photosciences Vol.10 No.2
Two coupled molecules were successfully synthesized by condensation of amine-donor-substituted barbituric acid derivativies as nonlinear optical chromophores. A flexible spacer of the alkyl chain with different lengths of carbon chains (5 and 6 carbons) was introduced between two chromophores, which prevented crystallization and aggregation of molecules. Two coupled molecules (B-Cn-B, n=5, 6) had glass-transition temperatures on a second heating around 81 and 76$^{\circ}C$ without melting points, respectively. To explore the linear optical properties, thin-films were prepared and examined by a photometry method using Nd:YVO$_4$ CW laser. Also, microscopic and macroscopic nonlinear optical properties were measured by Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering (HRS) and the Maker Fringes method using Nd:YAG ps pulse laser, respectively. In spite of the moderate hyperpolarizabilities of coupled molecules, the second order NLO coefficient (d$\_$33/) was larger than the conventional Disperse Red 1 doped PMMA polymeric system.