The Role of Ethnography in the Early Writings of Edith Wharton and Thorstein Veblen

Bratton, Daniel 永同大學校 1998 硏究論叢 Vol.4 No.1

1997년은 미국인 작가 Edith Wharton(1862∼1937)이 건축가인 Ogden Codman, Jr. 과 함께 최초로 발표한 The Decoration of Houses가 출간된지 100년이 되는 해이다. 문화연구에 관한 최근의 이론들을 원용하여, 본 논문은 이 작품과 Thorstein Veblen의 최초 작품인 The Theory of the Leisure Class(1899)와의 연관성을 살펴봄으로써 The Decoration of Houses를 그 당시의 민족지학적 맥락에서 조명해 본다. 이 두 연구는 인류학, 사회학, 그리고 사회심리학 등의 학문들의 새로운 이론들에 의해 지형적 특성에 따른 문화의 모습들이 밝혀졌던 때에 쓰여졌다. The Decoration of House에는 이러한 이론적 배경을 반영하는 "문화의식" 이라는 개념이 내포되어 있다. 마찬가지로 Veblen은 자신의 연구를 경제학이라는 좁은 범주에 국한시키는 것은 불가능하다고 주장하면서 그의 유한계급에 관한 관찰들을 그가 "민족지학적 일반화"라고 이름 붙인 것과 연관시켰다. 그렇게 함으로써 그는 금세기에 일상적인 어휘가 되어버린 "현저한 여가"와 "현저한 소비"라는 2가지 용어를 만들어 냈다. Veblen이 경제학에 대해서 세웠던 가정들과 마찬가지로, Wharton이 가정의 실내장식에 대해 가했던 비판은 사회과학 분야에서 이론가들이 사용햇던 방식들을 사용한 것이었는데, 이는 매우 주목할 만한 민족지학적인 입장에서의 반목이었다. 그러므로 그녀의 19세기의 주택과 실내 장식에 대한 비판은 그녀 자신의 글을 우리가 읽는데 뿐만 아니라, 최근의 여러 문화에 걸친 연구의 관점에서 그녀의 중심 생각을 재평가하는 데에도 커다란 의미가 있다.

The Wildman in the Whiteoaks : Colonialism, Nationalism, and Masculinism in the Jalna Novels

Bratton, Daniel 한국중앙영어영문학회 1996 영어영문학연구 Vol.38 No.1

"As Ever Affly" : The Correspondence of Edith Wharton and Louis Bromfield

Bratton, Daniel 永同工科大學校 1995 硏究論叢 Vol.1 No.1

TOEIC PREPARATION : A VIDEO AND COMPUTER-ASSISTED APPROACH 비디오와 컴퓨터용 교재를 이용한 접근

Bratton, Daniel,Poirier, Donald 永同大學校 1997 硏究論叢 Vol.3 No.1

본 STC연구는 최근의 교육 방법론을 통한 학생들의 토익시험 대비를 제안한다. 본 연구자들은 처음에는 본 대학의 모든 학생들을 대상으로 한 토익 대비 강좌를 의도하였으나, 강좌 초기부터 학생들의 관심부족으로 본 연구자들의 노력은 그 성과를 거두지 못했다. 그래서 우리는 우리들의 연구의 초점을 어학부 영어전공 2학년 학생들에게 맞추었고, 이 학생들의 출석은 강제적이었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 본 연구의 결론은 아직 미결인 상태인데, 이는 영어전공 학생들의 일관적이지 못한 출석률뿐만 아니라 적절한 CD-ROM교재를 구입하는데 있어 예상치 못했던 어려움을 겪었던 데에 기인한다. 처음의 두 학기동안의 강좌는 과거부터 의례 토익시험에 대비하는데 요구되었던 "human skills"를 강조한 부분에 기초한 1시간 짜리 숙어학습과, 매주 토익비디오를 시청하는 데에 초점을 둔 강의로 구성되었다. 학생들을 대상으로 강좌를 시작할 시기와 1, 2학기 말 등 모두 3차례의 토익시험이 실시되었다. 학생들은 현재 1997학년도 겨율방학 동안 CD-ROM을 이용한 학습단계에 들어가는데, 그 이후 1998년 3월경에 4번째 토익시험이 실시될 예정이다. This Special Topics Course proposed the preparation of students for the TOEIC(Test of English for International Communication, developed by the Educational Testing Service of Princeton, New Jersey) through contemporary contemporary pedagogical methodology. Our original intention was to offer the preparation course to all students of this university, but from the beginning our endeavor was hampered by a lack of interest on the part of the student communicty. We therefore focussed our study upon second-year English majors in the Faculty of Foreign Languages, whose attendance was mandatory. Even then the results of our research are inconclusive not only because of erratic attendance on the part of the English majors but also because of unforeseen difficulty in obtaining suitable CD-ROM material. The first two semesters consisted of concentrated weekly viewing of the TOEIC Video as well as a one-hour idioms based component that emphasized the "human" skills traditionally required in preparation for the TOEIC examination. Students were given the TOEIC test three times : at the beginning of the course, at the end of the first term, and at the end of the second term. They are presently engaged in a CD-ROM program over the winter vacation of the 1997 academic year, after which they will write a fourth TOEIC test in March 1998.

OECD/NEA BENCHMARK FOR UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS IN MODELING (UAM) FOR LWRS - SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION OF NEUTRONICS CASES (PHASE I)

Bratton, Ryan N.,Avramova, M.,Ivanov, K. Korean Nuclear Society 2014 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.46 No.3

A Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) benchmark for Uncertainty Analysis in Modeling (UAM) is defined in order to facilitate the development and validation of available uncertainty analysis and sensitivity analysis methods for best-estimate Light water Reactor (LWR) design and safety calculations. The benchmark has been named the OECD/NEA UAM-LWR benchmark, and has been divided into three phases each of which focuses on a different portion of the uncertainty propagation in LWR multi-physics and multi-scale analysis. Several different reactor cases are modeled at various phases of a reactor calculation. This paper discusses Phase I, known as the "Neutronics Phase", which is devoted mostly to the propagation of nuclear data (cross-section) uncertainty throughout steady-state stand-alone neutronics core calculations. Three reactor systems (for which design, operation and measured data are available) are rigorously studied in this benchmark: Peach Bottom Unit 2 BWR, Three Mile Island Unit 1 PWR, and VVER-1000 Kozloduy-6/Kalinin-3. Additional measured data is analyzed such as the KRITZ LEU criticality experiments and the SNEAK-7A and 7B experiments of the Karlsruhe Fast Critical Facility. Analyzed results include the top five neutron-nuclide reactions, which contribute the most to the prediction uncertainty in keff, as well as the uncertainty in key parameters of neutronics analysis such as microscopic and macroscopic cross-sections, six-group decay constants, assembly discontinuity factors, and axial and radial core power distributions. Conclusions are drawn regarding where further studies should be done to reduce uncertainties in key nuclide reaction uncertainties (i.e.: $^{238}U$ radiative capture and inelastic scattering (n, n') as well as the average number of neutrons released per fission event of $^{239}Pu$).

The Role of Ethnography in the Early Writings of Edith Wharton and Thorstein Veblen

Daniel Bratton 한국중앙영어영문학회 1998 영어영문학연구 Vol.40 No.1

OECD/NEA Benchmark for Uncertainty Analysis in Modeling (UAM) for LWRs – Summary and Discussion of Neutronics Cases (Phase I)

RYAN N. BRATTON,M.AVRAMOVA,K. IVANOV 한국원자력학회 2014 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.46 No.3

A Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) benchmark forUncertainty Analysis in Modeling (UAM) is defined in order to facilitate the development and validation of availableuncertainty analysis and sensitivity analysis methods for best-estimate Light water Reactor (LWR) design and safetycalculations. The benchmark has been named the OECD/NEA UAM-LWR benchmark, and has been divided into three phaseseach of which focuses on a different portion of the uncertainty propagation in LWR multi-physics and multi-scale analysis. Several different reactor cases are modeled at various phases of a reactor calculation. This paper discusses Phase I, known asthe “Neutronics Phase”, which is devoted mostly to the propagation of nuclear data (cross-section) uncertainty throughoutsteady-state stand-alone neutronics core calculations. Three reactor systems (for which design, operation and measured dataare available) are rigorously studied in this benchmark: Peach Bottom Unit 2 BWR, Three Mile Island Unit 1 PWR, andVVER-1000 Kozloduy-6/Kalinin-3. Additional measured data is analyzed such as the KRITZ LEU criticality experiments andthe SNEAK-7A and 7B experiments of the Karlsruhe Fast Critical Facility. Analyzed results include the top five neutronnuclidereactions, which contribute the most to the prediction uncertainty in keff, as well as the uncertainty in key parameters ofneutronics analysis such as microscopic and macroscopic cross-sections, six-group decay constants, assembly discontinuityfactors, and axial and radial core power distributions. Conclusions are drawn regarding where further studies should be done toreduce uncertainties in key nuclide reaction uncertainties (i.e.: 238U radiative capture and inelastic scattering (n, n’) as well asthe average number of neutrons released per fission event of 239Pu).

Glyceollin Transport, Metabolism, and Effects on P-Glycoprotein Function in Caco-2 Cells

Chukwuemezie Chimezie,Adina C. Ewing,Syeda S. Quadri,Richard B. Cole,Stephen M. Boue,Christopher F. Omari,Melyssa Bratton,Elena Glotser,Elena Skripnikova,Ian Townley,Robert E. Stratford 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.4

Glyceollins are phytoalexins produced in soybeans from their isoflavone precursor daidzein. Their impressive anticancer and glucose normalization effects in rodents have generated interest in their therapeutic potential. The aim of the present studies was to begin to understand glyceollin intestinal transport and metabolism, and their potential effects on P-glycoprotein (Pgp) in Caco-2 cells. At 10 and 25 lM, glyceollin permeability was 2.4 – 0.16 · 10- 4 cm/sec and 2.1 – 0.15 · 10- 4 cm/sec, respectively, in the absorptive direction. Basolateral to apical permeability at 25 lM was 1.6 – 0.10 · 10- 4 cm/sec. Results suggest high absorption potential of glyceollin by a passive-diffusion-dominated mechanism. A sulfate conjugate at the phenolic hydroxyl position was observed following exposure to Caco-2 cells. In contrast to verapamil inhibition of the net secretory permeability of rhodamine 123 (R123) and its enhancement of calcein AM uptake into Caco-2 cells, neither glyceollin nor genistein inhibited Pgp (MDR1; ABCB1) up to 300 lM. There was no significant change in MDR1 mRNA expression, Pgp protein expression, or R123 transport in cells exposed to glyceollin or genistein for 24 h up to 100 lM. Collectively, these results suggest that glyceollin has the potential to be well absorbed, but that, similar to the isoflavone genistein, its absorption may be reduced substantially by intestinal metabolism; further, they indicate that glyceollin does not appear to alter Pgp function in Caco-2 cells.