Highly active and stable Ru-(OH)-based catalysts supported on Ni-manganite for the base-free aerobic oxidation o 5 -hydroxymethyl furfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid in a noble water organic solvent system

Bolla Srinivasa Rao,Faraz Muhammad Abbasi,Dong won Hwang 한국환경에너지공학회 2023 한국열환경공학회 학술대회지 Vol.2023 No.2

A novel approach to converting elevated levels of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) into 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) was investigated in this study. This method demonstrated the capability to yield FDCA at a rate of 92% from a solution containing 5% HMF in a solvent blend of acetone and water. The oxidation of HMF occurred in the absence of a uniform base due to the heightened solubility of FDCA in this specific solvent blend. Various catalysts composed of Ru -doped Ni- manganite was synthesized, characterized, and applied in the oxidation of HMF. Introduction of Ni enhanced the stability of Mn at increased oxidation states, resulting in the formation of the selective spinel phase NiMn₂O₄. Examination via CO-chemisorption indicated effective dispersion of Ru on the Ni₁Mn₅ support, particularly upon the formation of the spinel phase. The inclusion of Ru facilitated the reduction of both Ni and Mn, showcasing distinct low-temperature reduction profiles with the augmentation of Mn content Analysis via X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) revealed cooperative electronic interactions between Ru and the support. Additionally, XPS and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) studies confirmed the formation of positively charged Ru species as Ru-0 and RuOH, exhibiting valences of +3 and +4, respectively. The Ru/Ni,Mn6 catalyst demonstrated exceptional. oxidative activity towards FDCA owing to a high abundance of oxygen atoms within its lattice, as well as the dispersion and interaction of Ru with the support material.

Anatomy teaching in Saudi medical colleges- is there necessity of the national core syllabus of anatomy

Srinivasa Rao Bolla,Radi Ali Al Saffar 대한해부학회 2022 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.55 No.3

Curricular updates in medicine resulted in changes in gross anatomy teaching. We aim to find the trends and methods of gross anatomy teaching in medicine programs in Saudi Arabia. Further, examine whether the data would help to discuss whether a core Anatomy syllabus is required. A survey questionnaire based on the earlier studies, was sent to the anatomy faculty of 25 medical colleges to collect the data on the pedagogic and dissection/laboratory approaches, inclusion of radiological, clinical, surface anatomy sessions, and the total number of hours allocated for anatomy education. A total of 15 responses were received from different medical colleges of which nine provided complete details. A wide variation in the component and mode of delivery of anatomy was observed. The number of hours for the anatomy course ranged from 89 to 388 hours. These data will provide an update on gross anatomy teaching approaches, which will help in making informed decisions in course revisions and adopting the best practices. The variations in anatomy course with short duration raises concern about whether the essential learning outcomes are achieved to prepare a skillful and safe clinician? do we require a core syllabus of Anatomy to be adopted at the national level to achieve the essential learning outcomes? The AnatomicalSociety, UK has developed core syllabi of Anatomy for undergraduate medical, dental, nursing, and pharmacy students, which can serve as a guide in developing the core syllabus of Anatomy for medicine in Saudi.

Reproductive profiles and risk of breast cancer subtypes: a multi-center case-only study

Brouckaert, Olivier,Rudolph, Anja,Laenen, Annouschka,Keeman, Renske,Bolla, Manjeet K.,Wang, Qin,Soubry, Adelheid,Wildiers, Hans,Andrulis, Irene L.,Arndt, Volker,Beckmann, Matthias W.,Benitez, Javier,B BioMed Central 2017 Breast cancer research Vol.19 No.-

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Previous studies have shown that reproductive factors are differentially associated with breast cancer (BC) risk by subtypes. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between reproductive factors and BC subtypes, and whether these vary by age at diagnosis.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>We used pooled data on tumor markers (estrogen and progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)) and reproductive risk factors (parity, age at first full-time pregnancy (FFTP) and age at menarche) from 28,095 patients with invasive BC from 34 studies participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). In a case-only analysis, we used logistic regression to assess associations between reproductive factors and BC subtype compared to luminal A tumors as a reference. The interaction between age and parity in BC subtype risk was also tested, across all ages and, because age was modeled non-linearly, specifically at ages 35, 55 and 75 years.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Parous women were more likely to be diagnosed with triple negative BC (TNBC) than with luminal A BC, irrespective of age (OR for parity = 1.38, 95% CI 1.16–1.65, <I>p</I> = 0.0004; <I>p</I> for interaction with age = 0.076). Parous women were also more likely to be diagnosed with luminal and non-luminal HER2-like BCs and this effect was slightly more pronounced at an early age (<I>p</I> for interaction with age = 0.037 and 0.030, respectively). For instance, women diagnosed at age 35 were 1.48 (CI 1.01–2.16) more likely to have luminal HER2-like BC than luminal A BC, while this association was not significant at age 75 (OR = 0.72, CI 0.45–1.14). While age at menarche was not significantly associated with BC subtype, increasing age at FFTP was non-linearly associated with TNBC relative to luminal A BC. An age at FFTP of 25 versus 20 years lowered the risk for TNBC (OR = 0.78, CI 0.70–0.88, <I>p</I> < 0.0001), but this effect was not apparent at a later FFTP.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Our main findings suggest that parity is associated with TNBC across all ages at BC diagnosis, whereas the association with luminal HER2-like BC was present only for early onset BC.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0909-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>

Evaluating genetic variants associated with breast cancer risk in high and moderate-penetrance genes in Asians

Han, Mi-Ryung,Zheng, Wei,Cai, Qiuyin,Gao, Yu-Tang,Zheng, Ying,Bolla, Manjeet K.,Michailidou, Kyriaki,Dennis, Joe,Wang, Qin,Dunning, Alison M.,Brennan, Paul,Chen, Shou-Tung,Choi, Ji-Yeob,Hartman, Mikae Oxford University Press 2017 Carcinogenesis Vol.38 No.5

<P>Over the past 20 years, high-penetrance pathogenic mutations in genes BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53, PTEN, STK11 and CDH1 and moderate-penetrance mutations in genes CHEK2, ATM, BRIP1, PALB2, RAD51C, RAD50 and NBN have been identified for breast cancer. In this study, we investigated whether there are additional variants in these 13 genes associated with breast cancer among women of Asian ancestry. We analyzed up to 654 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 6269 cases and 6624 controls of Asian descent included in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC), and up to 236 SNPs from 5794 cases and 5529 controls included in the Shanghai Breast Cancer Genetics Study (SBCGS). We found three missense variants with minor allele frequency (MAF) < 0.05: rs80358978 (Gly2508Ser), rs80359065 (Lys2729Asn) and rs11571653 (Met784Val) in the BRCA2 gene, showing statistically significant associations with breast cancer risk, with P-values of 1.2 x 10(-4), 1.0 x 10(-3) and 5.0 x 10(-3), respectively. In addition, we found four low-frequency variants (rs8176085, rs799923, rs8176173 and rs8176258) in the BRCA1 gene, one common variant in the CHEK2 gene (rs9620817), and one common variant in the PALB2 gene (rs13330119) associated with breast cancer risk at P < 0.01. Our study identified several new risk variants in BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, and PALB2 genes in relation to breast cancer risk in Asian women. These results provide further insights that, in addition to the high/moderate penetrance mutations, other low-penetrance variants in these genes may also contribute to breast cancer risk.</P>

Assessment of postoperative pain after single-visit root canal treatment using rotary and reciprocating file systems: an in vivo study

Reshma Parveen Shaik,Ram Sunil Chukka,Anila Bandlapally,Sayesh Vemuri,Nagesh Bolla,Ram Chowdary Basam,Sravanthi Tammineedi 대한치과마취과학회 2022 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.22 No.4

Background: Various instrument kinematics used in single-visit endodontics influence the occurrence of pain after endodontic therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of pain after mechanical instrumentation with Hyflex EDM (HEDM) and WaveOne Gold (WOG) during single-visit endodontic therapy. Methods: Sixty patients diagnosed with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis and normal apical tissues in mandibular premolar teeth were included in the study for single-visit root canal therapy. The patients were divided into two groups (n = 30) according to the rotary instrument used during root canal preparation (group A [HEDM] and group B [WOG]). Pain was evaluated after endodontic therapy at 8, 24, and 48 h intervals using the visual analog scale (VAS). Data obtained were analyzed using the chi-square test, independent t-test, MannWhitney U test, and Wilcoxon matched-pairs test. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups (P < 0.001) at 8, 24, and 48 h, with WOG exhibiting less pain than HEDM files. Conclusion: Postoperative pain was lower in the WOG file system than in the HEDM file system after single-visit root canal therapy at 8, 24, and 48 h.

Genome-wide association analysis of more than 120,000 individuals identifies 15 new susceptibility loci for breast cancer

Michailidou, Kyriaki,Beesley, Jonathan,Lindstrom, Sara,Canisius, Sander,Dennis, Joe,Lush, Michael J,Maranian, Mel J,Bolla, Manjeet K,Wang, Qin,Shah, Mitul,Perkins, Barbara J,Czene, Kamila,Eriksson, Mi Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2015 Nature genetics Vol.47 No.4

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and large-scale replication studies have identified common variants in 79 loci associated with breast cancer, explaining ∼14% of the familial risk of the disease. To identify new susceptibility loci, we performed a meta-analysis of 11 GWAS, comprising 15,748 breast cancer cases and 18,084 controls together with 46,785 cases and 42,892 controls from 41 studies genotyped on a 211,155-marker custom array (iCOGS). Analyses were restricted to women of European ancestry. We generated genotypes for more than 11 million SNPs by imputation using the 1000 Genomes Project reference panel, and we identified 15 new loci associated with breast cancer at P < 5 × 10<SUP>−8</SUP>. Combining association analysis with ChIP-seq chromatin binding data in mammary cell lines and ChIA-PET chromatin interaction data from ENCODE, we identified likely target genes in two regions: SETBP1 at 18q12.3 and RNF115 and PDZK1 at 1q21.1. One association appears to be driven by an amino acid substitution encoded in EXO1.

Joint associations of a polygenic risk score and environmental risk factors for breast cancer in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium

Rudolph, Anja,Song, Minsun,Brook, Mark N,Milne, Roger L,Mavaddat, Nasim,Michailidou, Kyriaki,Bolla, Manjeet K,Wang, Qin,Dennis, Joe,Wilcox, Amber N,Hopper, John L,Southey, Melissa C,Keeman, Renske,Fas Oxford University Press 2018 International journal of epidemiology Vol.47 No.2

<P>Conclusions: The combined effects of the 77-SNP PRS and environmental risk factors for breast cancer are generally well described by a multiplicative model. Larger studies are required to confirm possible departures from the multiplicative model for individual risk factors, and assess models specific for ER-negative disease.</P>

CDF run IIb silicon: design and testing

Lu, R.-S.,Akimoto, T.,Aoki, M.,Azzi, P.,Bacchetta, N.,Behari, S.,Benjamin, D.,Bisello, D.,Bolla, G.,Bortoletto, D.,Busetto, G.,Cabrera, S.,Canepa, A.,Cardoso, G.,Chertok, M.,Ciobanu, C.I.,Derylo, G.,F IEEE 2004 IEEE transactions on nuclear science Vol.51 No.5

<P>The various generations of Silicon Vertex Detectors (SVX, SVX', SVXII) for Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) at the Fermilab Tevatron have been fundamental tools for heavy-flavor tagging via secondary vertex detection. The CDF Run IIb Silicon Vertex Detector (SVXIIb) has been designed to be a radiation-tolerant replacement for the currently installed SVXII because SVXII was not expected to survive the Tevatron luminosity anticipated for Run IIb. One major change in the new design is the use of a single mechanical and electrical element throughout the array. This element, called a stave, carries six single-sided silicon sensors on each side and is built using carbon fiber skins with a high thermal conductivity on a foam core with a built-in cooling channel. A Kapton bus cable carries power, data and control signals underneath the silicon sensors on each side of the stave. Sensors are read out in pairs via a ceramic hybrid glued on one of the sensors and equipped with four SVX4 readout chips. This new design concept leads to a very compact mechanical and electrical unit, allowing streamlined production and ease of testing and installation. A description of the design and mechanical performance of the stave is given. Results on the electrical performance obtained using prototype staves are also presented.</P>

Identification of independent association signals and putative functional variants for breast cancer risk through fine-scale mapping of the 12p11 locus

Zeng, Chenjie,Guo, Xingyi,Long, Jirong,Kuchenbaecker, Karoline B.,Droit, Arnaud,Michailidou, Kyriaki,Ghoussaini, Maya,Kar, Siddhartha,Freeman, Adam,Hopper, John L.,Milne, Roger L.,Bolla, Manjeet K.,Wa BioMed Central 2016 Breast cancer research Vol.18 No.-

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Multiple recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs10771399, at 12p11 that is associated with breast cancer risk.</P><P><B>Method</B></P><P>We performed a fine-scale mapping study of a 700 kb region including 441 genotyped and more than 1300 imputed genetic variants in 48,155 cases and 43,612 controls of European descent, 6269 cases and 6624 controls of East Asian descent and 1116 cases and 932 controls of African descent in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC; http://bcac.ccge.medschl.cam.ac.uk/), and in 15,252 <I>BRCA1</I> mutation carriers in the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of <I>BRCA1/2</I> (CIMBA). Stepwise regression analyses were performed to identify independent association signals. Data from the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements project (ENCODE) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used for functional annotation.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Analysis of data from European descendants found evidence for four independent association signals at 12p11, represented by rs7297051 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.09, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.06–1.12; <I>P</I> = 3 × 10<SUP>-9</SUP>), rs805510 (OR = 1.08, 95 % CI = 1.04–1.12, <I>P</I> = 2 × 10<SUP>-5</SUP>), and rs1871152 (OR = 1.04, 95 % CI = 1.02–1.06; <I>P</I> = 2 × 10<SUP>-4</SUP>) identified in the general populations, and rs113824616 (<I>P</I> = 7 × 10<SUP>-5</SUP>) identified in the meta-analysis of BCAC ER-negative cases and <I>BRCA1</I> mutation carriers. SNPs rs7297051, rs805510 and rs113824616 were also associated with breast cancer risk at <I>P</I> < 0.05 in East Asians, but none of the associations were statistically significant in African descendants. Multiple candidate functional variants are located in putative enhancer sequences. Chromatin interaction data suggested that <I>PTHLH</I> was the likely target gene of these enhancers. Of the six variants with the strongest evidence of potential functionality, rs11049453 was statistically significantly associated with the expression of <I>PTHLH</I> and its nearby gene <I>CCDC91</I> at <I>P</I> < 0.05.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>This study identified four independent association signals at 12p11 and revealed potentially functional variants, providing additional insights into the underlying biological mechanism(s) for the association observed between variants at 12p11 and breast cancer risk.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-016-0718-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>

Association analysis identifies 65 new breast cancer risk loci

Michailidou, Kyriaki,Lindströ,m, Sara,Dennis, Joe,Beesley, Jonathan,Hui, Shirley,Kar, Siddhartha,Lemaç,on, Audrey,Soucy, Penny,Glubb, Dylan,Rostamianfar, Asha,Bolla, Manjeet K.,Wang, Qin,Tyr Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nat 2017 Nature Vol.551 No.7678

<P>Breast cancer risk is influenced by rare coding variants in susceptibility genes, such as BRCA1, and many common, mostly non-coding variants. However, much of the genetic contribution to breast cancer risk remains unknown. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study of breast cancer in 122,977 cases and 105,974 controls of European ancestry and 14,068 cases and 13,104 controls of East Asian ancestry(1). We identified 65 new loci that are associated with overall breast cancer risk at P < 5 x 10(-8). The majority of credible risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms in these loci fall in distal regulatory elements, and by integrating in silico data to predict target genes in breast cells at each locus, we demonstrate a strong overlap between candidate target genes and somatic driver genes in breast tumours. We also find that heritability of breast cancer due to all single-nucleotide polymorphisms in regulatory features was 2-5-fold enriched relative to the genome-wide average, with strong enrichment for particular transcription factor binding sites. These results provide further insight into genetic susceptibility to breast cancer and will improve the use of genetic risk scores for individualized screening and prevention.</P>