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Excited Spin-State Trapping in Spin Crossover Complexes on Ferroelectric Substrates
Wä,ckerlin, Christian,Donati, Fabio,Singha, Aparajita,Baltic, Romana,Decurtins, Silvio,Liu, Shi-Xia,Rusponi, Stefano,Dreiser, Jan American Chemical Society 2018 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.122 No.15
<P>We have studied thin films of Fe(II) spin crossover complexes deposited on differently poled ferroelectric PMN-PT ([Pb(Mg<SUB>1/3</SUB>Nb<SUB>2/3</SUB>)O<SUB>3</SUB>]<SUB>1-<I>x</I></SUB>[PbTiO<SUB>3</SUB>]<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>, <I>x</I> = 0.32) substrates by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The X-ray spectra reveal the temperature-driven conversion between high-spin and low-spin states without any observable effect of the ferroelectric polarization on the spin state of the molecules down to 100 K. In the soft X-ray-induced excited spin-state trapping (SOXIESST) regime at 3 K, large differences occur between the two ferroelectric polarizations. The efficiency of X-rays in exciting the molecules to the high-spin state is more than an order of magnitude larger when the ferroelectric dipoles of the substrate are pointing toward the surface compared to the opposite polarization. We explain our findings by a modulation of the polarization-dependent efficiency of the scattering of X-ray-generated secondary electrons at the molecules. Our results provide a deep insight into the SOXIESST mechanism and suggest that such molecules could be used as detectors for electrons traveling in the substrate at energies lower than the substrate electron affinity.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Krzysztof Waśkowski 한국슬라브어학회 2021 슬라브어연구 Vol.26 No.2
The aim of the article is to reconstruct the understanding of the Polish concept of PEACE in the 16th century. Considerations – due to the material base – fall within the mainstream analyses in the field of historical semantics, although they are not subordinated to the dynamic aspect. The article tries to capture the features of the concept on the basis of the semantic properties of words, typical for an arbitrarily selected synchronous plane, and based only on a certain type of linguistic data: collocations of Polish nouns pokój [En. Peace] and mir and their textual use. The research material was excerpted from the Dictionary of the Polish Language of the 16th Century edited by Maria Renata Mayenowa. On the basis of the observed word combinations and their contexts, it can be seen that the sixteenth-century PEACE was perceived as one of the basic values, a universal and unambiguously positive state. Its positive valorisation can be determined on the basis of collocations with adjectives evaluating positively (dobry [En. good], najlepszy [En. best], najwiętszy [En. most sacred], łaskawy [En. gracious], przyjemny [En. pleasant], wdzięczny [En. grateful]) and taking into account synonymic chains (przyjacielstwo i mier [En. friendship and accord], pokój i bezpieczeństwo [En. peace and security], pokój i jedność [En. peace and unity], zdrowie i pokój [En. health and peace]). In the analysed material, no collocation with lexemes with the opposite evaluation vector has been noticed. Moreover, the excerpted linguistic data made it possible to state that although the 16th-century PEACE was considered a universal value, it was not an absolute and permanent state. This conclusion was confirmed by connections such as pokój złaman jest [En. peace was broken], zgwałcenie pokoju pospolitego [En. violation of the common peace], pokój targać [En. tearing up peace], pokój wzruszan bywa [En. peace is sometimes shaken], recorded in the texts of eminent Polish humanists of the golden age, commenting on the socio-political situation of Poland at that time. Moreover, the lexical data confirmed the internal division of the PEACE category into INDIVIDUAL PEACE and SOCIAL PEACE, which can be considered stable. The analysis of the material also made it possible to conclude that an attempt to approach PEACE holistically in the diachronic aspect requires detailed research that could become the basis of a linguistic synthesis, preceded, however, by an analysis of the literature in the field of political, social and ethical sciences. The description of the variability in understanding the concept would thus complement the state of knowledge about PEACE, developed on the basis of related disciplines within humanities and social sciences.
The effect of conglutinin on production of reactive oxygen species in bovine granulocytes
Marta Dec,Andrzej Wernicki,Andrzej Puchalski,Renata Urban-Chmiel,Adam Waśko 대한수의학회 2012 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE Vol.13 No.1
Conglutinin is a high molecular-weight lectin originally detected in bovine serum. It belongs to the family of collectins that bind sugar residues in a Ca2+-dependent manner and are effector molecules in innate immunity. Conglutinin appears to play an important role in immune defense mechanisms, showing antiviral and antibacterial activities when tested in vivo and in vitro. The present study evaluated the effect of conglutinin on the respiratory bursts in bovine peripheral phagocytes. Using nitroblue tetrazolium and hydrogen peroxide assays, we showed that sugar ligand- bound conglutinin stimulated the production of superoxide and H2O2 in granulocytes whereas the non-sugar-bound form of conglutinin inhibited these processes. These results indicate that both forms of conglutinin are able to interact with surface leukocyte receptors but have opposite effects on phagocytic activity. Our findings suggest that conglutinin bound to sugar residues on microbial surfaces can induce oxygen burst in phagocytes, and thereby mediates the elimination of pathogens and prevents the spread of infection.
AFRICAN IMAGES IN KITHAKA WA MBERIA’S POETRY
Samson Ontiri Ongarora,Janes Nyachae Michira,Rayya Timammy,Kineene wa Mutiso 한국외국어대학교 아프리카연구소 2020 Asian Journal of African Studies Vol.- No.49
Africa is a continent endowed with natural resources such as fertile land, minerals, forests, wildlife and a warm tropical climate. Besides, it has communities with diverse cultures which attract tourists from other parts of the world. However, for a long time, the continent has experienced social, political and environmental challenges like political instability, despotic leadership, civil wars, refugees, hunger, poverty and diseases among others. In this article, we apply key principles of postcolonial theory to analyse the various images of Africa as depicted by Kenyan poet Kithaka wa Mberia in his works. We argue that the poet as a committed and critical writer has depicted negative images about Africa as a challenge to Africans and its leadership to address those issues. For instance, he shows African leaders and governments as being corrupt and inept in their governance. As a result, there are rampant cases of corruption, tribalism and dictatorship which create little or no room for equality, democracy, freedom of speech and the rule of law. But on the other hand, the poet portrays some positive images of Africa including the beautiful natural sceneries, mountains, forests, wildlife, rivers, beaches and a conducive climate. We shall draw our examples from Kithaka wa Mberia’s five anthologies namely; Mchezo wa Karata (A Game of Cards), Bara Jingine (Another Continent), Msimu wa Tisa (The Ninth Season), Redio na Mwezi (Radio and the Moon) and Rangi ya Anga (Colour of the Sky).
Determination of Surface Currents on Circular Microstrip Antennas
Wa"il A. Godaymi,Abdul-Kareem Abd Ali Mohammed,Zeki A. Ahmed 한국전자파학회JEES 2012 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.12 No.4
This work aims to present a theoretical analysis of the electric and magnetic surface current densities of a circular microstrip antenna (CMSA) as a body of revolution. The rigorous analysis of these problems begins with the application of the equivalence principle, which introduces an unknown electric current density on the conducting surface and both unknown equivalent electric and magnetic surface current densities on the dielectric surface. These current densities satisfy the integral equations (IEs) obtained by canceling the tangential components of the electric field on the conducting surface and enforcing the continuity of the tangential components of the fields across the dielectric surface. The formulation of the radiation problems is based on the combined field integral equation. This formulation is coupled with the method of moments (MoMs) as a numerical solution for this equation. The numerical results of the electric and magnetic surface current densities on the outside boundary of a CMSA excited by TM <sub>11</sub>- and TM <sub>21</sub>- modes are presented. The radiation pattern is calculated numerically in the two principle planes for a CMSA and gives a good results compared with measured results published by other research workers.
Wa Gao,김혜진,정정한,이진우 한국미생물학회 2014 The journal of microbiology Vol.52 No.9
The optimal conditions for the production of carboxymethylcellulase(CMCase) by Bacillus velezensis A-68 at a flask scalehave been previously reported. In this study, the parametersinvolved in dissolved oxygen in 7 and 100 L bioreactors wereoptimized for the pilot-scale production of CMCase. The optimalagitation speed and aeration rate for cell growth of B. velezensis A-68 were 323 rpm and 1.46 vvm in a 7 L bioreactor,whereas those for the production of CMCase were 380rpm and 0.54 vvm, respectively. The analysis of variance(ANOVA) implied that the highly significant factor for cellgrowth was the aeration rate, whereas that for the productionof CMCase was the agitation speed. The optimal inner pressuresfor cell growth and the production of CMCase by B. velezensis A-68 in a 100 L bioreactor were 0.00 and 0.04 MPa,respectively. The maximal production of CMCase in a 100 Lbioreactor under optimized conditions using rice hulls was108.1 U/ml, which was 1.8 times higher than that at a flaskscale under previously optimized conditions.