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Autologous hybrid cell fusion vaccine in a spontaneous intermediate model of breast carcinoma
R. Curtis Bird,Patricia DeInnocentes,Allison E. Church Bird,Farruk M. Lutful Kabir,E. Gisela Martinez-Romero,Annette N. Smith,Bruce F. Smith 대한수의학회 2019 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.20 No.5
Breast cancer is among the most common malignancies affecting women and reproductivelyintact female dogs, resulting in death from metastatic disease if not treated effectively. Tobetter manage the disease progression, canine mammary tumor (CMT) cells derived frommalignant canine mammary cancers were fused to autologous dendritic cells (DCs) toproduce living hybrid-cell fusion vaccines for canine patients diagnosed with spontaneousmammary carcinoma. The high-speed sorting of rare autologous canine patient DCs fromthe peripheral blood provides the autologous component of fusion vaccines, and fusion tomajor histocompatibility complex-unmatched CMT cells were produced at high rates. Thevaccinations were delivered to each patient following a surgical resection 3 times at 3-weekintervals in combination with immuno-stimulatory oligonucleotides and Gemcitabineadjunct therapy. The immunized patient animals survived 3.3-times longer (median survival611 days) than the control patients (median survival 184 days) and also appeared to exhibit anenhanced quality of life. A comparison of vaccinated patients diagnosed with inflammatorymammary carcinoma resulted in a very short median survival (42 days), suggesting no effectof vaccination. The data showed that the development of autologous living DC-based vaccinestrategies in patient animals designed to improve the management of canine mammarycarcinoma can be successful and may allow an identification of the antigens that can betranslatable to promote effective immunity in canine and human patients.
Bird, Allan,Mitsuhashi, Hitoshi 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2003 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.27 No.3
Difficulties in the Japanese economy for more than a decade have raised questions about its vitality and about the current level of on entrepreneurship in Japan. Some scholars question the presence of on entrepreneurial spirit in Japan, while others question the supportiveness of the entrepreneurial environment. We review he historical development of entrepreneurship in Japan, its current state of affairs and propose a framework for a more systematic examination of factors and mechanisms influencing nascent Japanese on entrepreneurs to art.
Dealing with Global Economic Imbalances: The Political Economy of Policy Coordination
GRAHAM BIRD 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2012 Global economic review Vol.41 No.4
Global economic imbalances are not a new phenomenon. However, in the aftermath of the global financial and economic crisis in 2008/2009, they have become a matter of increased concern to the international community as reflected by the IMF and G20. They are seen as having contributed to causing the crisis. What can be done to reduce the imbalances? Attention has focused on the idea of internationally coordinating macroeconomic policy. This article assesses policy coordination from both a technical, but more particularly, a political economy angle. It concludes that the scope for formal and detailed policy coordination is strictly limited because of the underlying political constraints. The article examines alternative ways of dealing with global imbalances and offers a prognosis based on political economy considerations.