Practice of Ethnobotanical Plants for the Treatment of Jaundice among Tharu Tribe of Far Western Nepal

( Pragya Bhatt ),( Madhusudan Subedi ),( Rajendra Dev Bhatt ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Ethnomedicine is a system of therapy using natural agents and their derivatives to treat ailments by the ethnic communities. This study was aimed to analyze and record the knowledge of ethnomedicinal plants for treating liver disorders among tharu tribe of far western Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional observational study was conducted in ten Tharu Tribe inhabited villages of Kanchanpur district of Far West Nepal. Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA), ‘Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were employed to collect data from four Guruwas, the main traditional healer, as key informants, some knowledgeable persons, (but not Guruwas) as informants and some youths in Tharu tribes, categorizing them into three groups. The information shared was further discussed among all three groups. Results: This study enumerated an encouraging data of 39 plant species being used for the treatment of liver and related diseases by tharu community. Out of these, 9 plant species (8 families) were solely used for jaundice and biliary ailments.33 other plant species were also recorded for being used to cure digestive system related disorders which might be related to liver diseases.Fresh plants and their parts including leaves (maximum used), barks, fruits, flowers, roots, rhizome and latex in the form of juice, powder, decoction, and paste and pulverized were used and administered by oral route. Some dietary restrictions (no alcohol, less oil etc.) were also made during medication. Consult the Guruwas for traditional healing was found to be the first choice for jaundice in the selected community. Around 43% jaundiced get well with traditional treatment while rest of the patients visited hospitals. Conclusions: A proper documentation and further elaborated research for ethnomedicinal plant being used by this tribal people is essential to understand the mechanism of action of these plants for jaundice and other liver diseases.

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics through different solvents of the non-aqueous electrolyte in Li-air (O₂) batteries in both the gas and solution phases: A DFT study

Bhatt, Mahesh Datt,Lee, Jin Yong Elsevier 2018 Journal of Molecular Liquids Vol.271 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We performed DFT calculations to investigate the role of solvent of the non-aqueous electrolytes for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics in Li-air batteries. The calculated results on structural, thermodynamic and vibrational properties revealed that dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is the most stable solvent among DME, DMSO, and MeCN of non-aqueous electrolytes. The LiCF<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB>/DMSO electrolyte was primarily assumed to be the most favorable for ORR kinetics from the IR analysis. We calculated thermodynamic properties of the ORR reactions held during the formation of superoxide (O<SUB>2</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP>) ion and the sole discharge products lithium peroxide (Li<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>), and lithium oxide (Li<SUB>2</SUB>O) to study the ORR kinetics of the stable salt LiCF<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB> with three solvents namely dimethoxyethane (DME), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and acetonitrile (MeCN). The thermodynamic properties of the ORR reaction signified the best role of LiCF<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB>/DMSO electrolyte compared to LiCF<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB>/DME and LiCF<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB>/MeCN both in the gas and solution (water) phases.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The role of solvent of non-aqueous electrolyte in Li-air batteries was studied theoretically. </LI> <LI> The LiCF<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB>/DMSO electrolyte was primarily assumed to be the most favorable for ORR kinetics from the IR analysis. </LI> <LI> The thermodynamic properties of the ORR reactions including the (O<SUB>2</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP>) ion and Li<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> and Li<SUB>2</SUB>O </LI> <LI> Improved ORR kinetics was due to the key role of LiCF<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB>/DMSO electrolyte compared to LiCF<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB>/DME and LiCF<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB>/MeCN. </LI> </UL> </P>

Antimicrobial and Antiradical Activity of Nepalese Medicinal Plants

Bhatt, Lok Ranjan,Lim, Jin-A,Lim, Chi-Hwan,Baek, Seung-Hwa The Physiological Society of Korean Medicine and T 2007 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.21 No.6

In this study fourteen ethanol extracts from Nepalese medicinal plants were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial and antiradical activity and their total phenolic content was evaluated. The antiradicalactivity was evaluated by free radical scavenging assay, using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH). Plant extracts showed a wide range of radical scavenging activity, with $IC_50$ value ranging in between $5.38\; {\mu}g/\;mL$ - $429.61\;{\mu}g/mL$. Strong radical scavenging activity was shown by flower extract of Woodfordia fruticosa ($5.38\;{\mu}g/\;mL$) and stem bark extract of Azadirachta indica ($5.58 {\mu}g/\;mL$)that also contained high phenolic content. Most of the sample showed activity below the concentration of $100\; {\mu}g/mL$. For antimicrobial activity three test microorganisms namely Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans were used. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the plant extracts was determined. Most of the plant extracts were effective against bacterial strains only at higher concentration ($800\;-\;1,600\;{\mu}g/mL$) but none of these were effective against Candida albicans below $1,600\;{\mu}g/mL$.

Conduction of Li+ cations in ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC): comparative studies using density functional theory

Bhatt, Mahesh Datt,Cho, Maenghyo,Cho, Kyeongjae Springer-Verlag 2012 Journal of solid state electrochemistry Vol.16 No.2

UNIT-WISE SEPARATION POSTULATES

Bhatt, Piyush,Singh, Darshan Department of Mathematics 1982 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.22 No.2

The Concepts of Buddha and Bodhisattva

Bhatt, S.R. International Association for Buddhist Thought & C 2002 International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Cultur Vol.1 No.-

The present paper attempts to deal with the concepts of Buddha and Bodhisattva as they are understood philosophically rather than historically, though historical perspective cannot be divorced from the philosophical one. Sakyamuni or Gautama, the Buddha, is at once both a historical figure and a body of ideas. It is only the latter which is taken into consideration here. Similarly there is no reference to any particular Bodhisattva revered in the tradition. The basic objective is to put forth those ideas and ideas and ideals and beliefs and practices for which the concepts of Buddha and Bodhisattva stand. Historically the Buddha and the Bodhisattva have lived by these ideas and ideals but the present paper only analysis the latter for pragmatic purpose so that they may be universalized and emulated in the contemporary times by strife-torn and violence-infected world. It specially focuses in the Karuna-centricity of these concepts correlation them with enhancment of quality of life and achievement of excellences. Mahakaruna or universal compassion is not just to be thought over or talked about but to be translated in action through proper and adequate endeavour (upaya kausala). Mahakaruna, therefore, must fructify in enhancement of quality of life and achievement of excellences (Paramitas).

GENERALIZED UNITS: THE POINT-LIKE SETS

Bhatt, Piyush,Singh, Darshan Department of Mathematics 1982 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.22 No.1

Effect of Feed Protein Source on Digestion and Wool Production in Angora Rabbit

Bhatt, R.S.,Sawal, R.K.,Mahajan, A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.7

Adult German cross $(German{\times}British{\times}Russian)$ angora rabbits (one year age), 32 in number were divided randomly into four groups $(T_1-T_4)$ with equal sex ratio and fed diets containing $T_1$ groundnut cake (GNC); $T_3$, soyaflakes (SF); $T_4$, sunflower cake (SFC) and $T_2$, a mixture of all the three cakes along with green forage as roughage for a period of 9 months. Nine per cent protein was added from each protein source. Fibre level was maintained by adjusting the level of rice phak in the diets. The diets were iso-nitrogenous and contained similar level of fibre. DMI through roughage was not affected due to source of protein in the diet, however, DMI through concentrate was higher $(p{\leq}0.05)$ with SFC diet, which resulted in higher total feed intake in the group $(T_4)$. Body weights increased up to second shearing, thereafter it decreased due to summer depression. Diet containing soyaflakes sustained higher wool yield whereas, it was lowest $(p{\leq}0.05)$ on SFC diet. Wool attributes (staple length, medullation, fibre diameter) were not affected due to source of protein in the diet. Digestibility of fibre and its fractions (ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose) decreased $(p{\leq}0.05)$ with incorporation of SFC in the diets. Balance of calcium was lowest whereas, that of nitrogen was highest with SFC diet $(T_4)$. Biological value of N and net protein utilization was better when different protein sources were mixed together $(T_2)$. Protein quality of soyaflakes proved better for wool production followed by groundnut cake and mixture of three protein sources. Sunflower cake alone or in combination decreased wool production which may be checked by supplementation of amino acids and energy.

Effect of lattice strain on nanomaterials in energy applications: A perspective on experiment and theory

Bhatt, Mahesh Datt,Lee, Jae Sung Pergamon Press 2017 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.42 No.25

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Nanostructured semiconducting materials such as nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanowires, nanorods, nanotubes, nanobelts, nanoribbons, nanosheets, nanolayers, nanofilms, etc have gained tremendous attention within the past decade due to their fascinating physical properties and potential technological applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. Semiconducting materials are able to be altered with strain-inducing from tunable sizes and shapes due to quantum confinement effects. Lattice strain is found to be very useful as well as very economical methods for improving the performance of energy devices by modifying band structure of nanostructured materials. The use of strain in design of nanostructured semiconducting materials is now a standard technique for modulating their electronic structures to enhance both electron and hole mobilities. There are mainly three effects of strain on nanostructures: (i) electronic band modulation, (ii) buckling, and (iii) phase transformations. In this review, we mainly focus on both experimental and theoretical achievements for effect of strain in nanostructured materials. Finally, the review is concluded with perspectives regarding the effect of strain in low dimensional nanostructured semiconducting materials, particularly zero-, one-, and two-dimensional nanostructures in future.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The effect of lattice strain on nanomaterials is reviewed. </LI> <LI> The main effects band modulation, buckling, and phase transformation are discussed. </LI> <LI> The different means of strain applied to the nanomaterials are discussed. </LI> <LI> Discussion of mechanical stability of the nanomaterials vs bulk materials is done. </LI> </UL> </P>

Screening of Oxygen-Reduction-Reaction-Efficient Electrocatalysts Based on Ag–M (M = 3d, 4d, and 5d Transition Metals) Nanoalloys: A Density Functional Theory Study

Bhatt, Mahesh Datt,Lee, Geunsik,Lee, Jae Sung American Chemical Society 2017 Energy & fuels Vol.31 No.2

<P>As a result of the high cost and scarcity of Pt and. Pt-based materials as electrocatalysts with high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance at the carbon-supported oxygen cathode of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), we perform a screening of ORR-efficient electrocatalysts based on Ag-M nanoalloys, where M is a 3d, 4d, or 5d transition metal using density functional theory (DFT) methods. We consider atomic oxygen adsorption energy E-ads(O) as a descriptor to explore the cheap and ORR-efficient Ag M(1 1 1) (M = 3d, 4d, and Sd transition metal's) surfaces in various suballoying configurations compared to the Pt(1 1 1) surface. Our calculated results reveal that the Ag-shelled catalysts by subsurface alloying with all 3d, 4d, and Sd transition metals are more stable than pure Ag(1 1 1) by analyzing the surface energy and surface segregation energy of Ag M alloys and consistent with Pt M alloys suballoying with 3d transition metals. Moreover, the d-band center of the same Ag M alloy with different suballoying configurations is found to be in the order of Ag M skin < Ag M subsurface < Ag3M mixing < pure Pt < Ag M overlayer in Ag-shelled catalysts suballoying with all 3d, 4d, and Sd transition metals. We finally propose that Mn, Fe, and Co (3d), Zr, Mo, Nb and Ru and Ta and W (Sd) are suitable catalysts for ORE. on Ag3M mixing surfaces and Mn, Fe, and Co (3d) and Ta and W (5d) are suitable catalysts for ORR on Ag M overlayer surfaces based on the fact that any catalyst with the strength of atomic oxygen reduction higher (but not very high) than that of pure Pt would be a suitable catalyst for enhanced ORR, which should be confirmed by further investigating ORR mechanisms on these catalyst surfaces in alkaline media both experimentally and theoretically. Moreover, the trends of oxygen reduction activity plotted against O binding energy, relative adsorption energies of ORR intermediates, and scaling relations between ORR intermediates (O, OH, and OOH) also stress our proposition illustrated above. Such a type of DFT investigation may open room for the researchers working in this direction.</P>