Brain Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Cue-reactivity Can Predict Baclofen Response in Alcohol Use Disorders

Bharath Holla,Sheshachala Karthik,Jitendriya Biswal,Biju Viswanath,Deepak Jayarajan,Rose Dawn Bharath,Ganesan Venkatasubramanian,Vivek Benegal 대한정신약물학회 2018 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.16 No.3

Objective: Baclofen is a promising treatment for alcohol use disorders (AUD), although its clinical response in humans is mixed. The present study aimed at investigating the impact of baclofen treatment on cue-induced brain activation pattern and its relationship with relapse outcomes. Methods: Twenty-three inpatients with AUD underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging cue-reactivity task before beginning medication with baclofen and 2 weeks later. Twelve additional inpatients with AUD, who did not receive any anticraving medications, formed the control group. All subjects were prospectively followed up for 90 days post-discharge or until lapse to first alcohol use. Results: Whole-brain linear mixed effects analysis revealed a significant group-by-time interaction with greater activation of the bilateral dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex and right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) following baclofen treatment in comparison with the control group. Further, cox regression analysis revealed that increased activation of ACC and deactivation of insular cortex (IC) was associated with longer time to first alcohol use only in the baclofen treatment group but not in the control group. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence for the neural predictors of baclofen treatment response in AUD. Baclofen treatment in AUD was associated with changes in cue-reactivity at critical brain regions within the incentive- salience network. Importantly, baclofen treatment-related specific activation of regions involved in cognitive control (ACC) and deactivation of regions involved in reward anticipation (IC) prolonged the time to first alcohol drink

Land allocation model using cellular automata to understand housing demand and supply

Bharath H. A.,Chandan M. C.,Vinay S.,Akshit S. 대한공간정보학회 2021 Spatial Information Research Vol.29 No.3

India is witnessing unprecedented urbanization that has led to the growth of real estate sector, particularly housing. However, since independence providing affordable housing has been a challenge. The gap of demand and supply has been ever increasing and has reached threshold levels due to congested spaces in major cities of India. This work articulates the changing patterns of spatial development in Mumbai. Mumbai has seen two types of growth in the same neighborhood. Brownfield development is highly regarded as a viable option for the physical and natural constrained city of Mumbai. This work describes the land use simulation model to understand the re-development scenario within a ward of the city of Mumbai and allocates housing demand on spatial city grid to match with maximum utility from demand-side and maximum profitability on the supply side, thus generating a map of re-developed cells at every time step. Cellular automata (CA) based platform is employed to undertake Spatio-temporal analysis. Land use maps and land use simulation through CA points out the evolving pattern of outgrowth in the city. The proposed housing redevelopment model predicts future scenarios of housing redevelopment from supply-side and spatial allocation through income class-wise location preference. The model tests the newly proposed inclusionary housing policy along with the slum rehabilitation and relocation scheme of Mumbai’s development plan 2034.

Ambient Mass Spectrometry in Imaging and Profiling of Single Cells: An Overview

Bharath Sampath Kumar 사단법인 한국질량분석학회 2023 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.14 No.4

It is becoming more and more clear that each cell, even those of the same type, has a unique identity. This sophistica- tion and the diversity of cell types in tissue are what are pushing the necessity for spatially distributed omics at the single-cell (SC) level. Single-cell chemical assessment, which also provides considerable insight into biological, clinical, pharmacody- namic, pathological, and toxicity studies, is crucial to the investigation of cellular omics (genomics, metabolomics, etc.). Mass spectrometry (MS) as a tool to image and profile single cells and subcellular organelles facilitates novel technical expertise for biochemical and biomedical research, such as assessing the intracellular distribution of drugs and the biochemical diversity of cellular populations. It has been illustrated that ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) is a valuable tool for the rapid, straightfor- ward, and simple analysis of cellular and sub-cellular constituents and metabolites in their native state. This short review exam- ines the advances in ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) and ambient mass spectrometry imaging (AMSI) on single-cell analysis that have been authored in recent years. The discussion also touches on typical single-cell AMS assessments and implementa- tions.

Modeling consumers’ intention to use fashion and beauty subscription‑based online services (SOS)

Bharath Ramkumar,우홍주 한국의류학회 2018 Fashion and Textiles Vol.5 No.1

This study examined one of the new consumption styles of modern consumers, subscription-based online services (SOS), which is often called as box retailing. The purpose of this study was to empirically test six antecedents—utilitarian motivations, hedonic motivations, fashion consciousness, consumer innovativeness, desire for unique products, and online transaction self-efficacy—as predictors of consumers’ attitude toward and intention to use fashion/beauty SOS. The theory of reasoned action was used as a theoretical foundation. With responses from 385 American consumers on an online survey, the theoretical model was tested in the fashion/beauty SOS context using structural equation modeling on LISREL. Results indicated that utilitarian and hedonic motivations, fashion consciousness, and online transaction self-efficacy indirectly influence intention to use fashion/beauty SOS, mediated by attitude towards fashion/beauty SOS. Instead of being mediated by attitude towards fashion/beauty SOS, consumer innovativeness and desire for unique products directly influence intention to use fashion/beauty SOS. Subjective norm positively influences intention to use fashion/beauty SOS. By identifying the factors that can predict consumers’ attitude towards and intention to use this new type of fashion/beauty consumption, this study addresses an evolving trend in home-based shopping behavior. Theoretically, as one of the earliest studies in this phenomenon, this study lays the theoretical groundwork paving way for further exploration in this area. Managers of fashion and beauty SOSs also can utilize these findings to more accurately target the appropriate consumer segment and streamline their marketing messages in accordance.

Effects of Fungicides and Bioagents on Seed Mycoflora, Growth and Yield of Watermelon

Bharath, B.G.,Lokesh, S.,Shetty, H.S. The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2005 Integrative biosciences Vol.9 No.2

Fungicides and antagonists were tested for their efficacy in the management of fungal pathogens of watermelon. The fungal species in different genera were isolated from the seeds of watermelon and their vulnerability was assessed against an array of chemicals and bioagents. Among the fungal pathogens, Fusarium species were effectively controlled by Bavistin. Topsin also showed the promising effects against all the fungal pathogens, and Dithane M-45 effectively controlled Didymella bryoniae. Seed treatment with antagonists like Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride improved the seed germination, seedling vigour and reduced the incidence of seed-borne fungal pathogens. Bavistin and Topsin among chemicals increased significantly the seed germination and vigour index. Trichoderma harzianum showed its efficacy against all Fusarium species and even stood effective than Captan and Blitox. However, Pseudomonas fIuorescens also showed promising effect against Didymella bryoniae over fungicides. Under field condition, Topsin and Dithane M-45 showed better yield than Bioagents.

Primary adenocarcinoma with yolk sac differentiation in the transplant ureter and salvage of the transplant kidney: a rare case report

Bharath Nagarajan Kumar,Abhishek Kumar Shukla,Prerna Guleria,Bhaskar Datt,Sudeep Prakash,Arun Raja Vairam 대한이식학회 2023 Korean Journal of Transplantation Vol.37 No.2

Renal transplant recipients are prone to a high risk of subsequent upper tract urothelial carcinoma, occurring in both native and transplant ureters. We report a rare case of adenocarcinoma with yolk sac differentiation of the transplant ureter, which was managed successfully with transplant ureterectomy and pyelovesicostomy, thereby salvaging the functioning transplant kidney.

Advances and Applications of Mass Spectrometry Imaging in Neuroscience: An Overview

Bharath S. Kumar 사단법인 한국질량분석학회 2023 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.14 No.3

Understanding the chemical composition of the brain helps researchers comprehend various neurological processes effectively. Understanding of the fundamental pathological processes that underpin many neurodegenerative disorders has recently advanced thanks to the advent of innovative bioanalytical techniques that allow high sensitivity and specificity with chemical imaging at high resolution in tissues and cells. Mass spectrometry imaging [MSI] has become more common in bio- medical research to map the spatial distribution of biomolecules in situ. The technique enables complete and untargeted delinea- tion of the in-situ distribution characteristics of proteins, metabolites, lipids, and peptides. MSI's superior molecular specificity gives it a significant edge over traditional histochemical methods. Recent years have seen a significant increase in MSI, which is capable of simultaneously mapping the distribution of thousands of biomolecules in the tissue specimen at a high resolution and is otherwise beyond the scope of other molecular imaging techniques. This review aims to acquaint the reader with the MSI experimental workflow, significant recent advancements, and implementations of MSI techniques in visualizing the anatomical distribution of neurochemicals in the human brain in relation to various neurogenerative diseases.

Clinical and Imaging Profile of Patients with Joubert Syndrome

Bharath Kumar Surisetti,Vikram Venkappayya Holla,Shweta Prasad,Koti Neeraja,Nitish Kamble,Ravi Yadav,Pramod Kumar Pal 대한파킨슨병및이상운동질환학회 2021 Journal Of Movement Disorders Vol.14 No.3

Nine patients were included in the study. All patients had facial dysmorphism and ocular abnormalities, and 4 patients had dystonia. Ocular tilt reaction and alternate skew deviation (66%) were the most common ocular abnormalities. Horizontally aligned superior cerebellar peduncles were observed in all four patients with diffusion tensor imaging, with a lack of decussation in three. Exome sequencing performed in four patients revealed novel variants in the MKS1, CPLANE1, and PIBF1 genes.

Diverse Roles of Microbial Indole Derivatives in Eukaryotic Systems

Bharath Reddy BOYA,Prasun KUMAR,Jintae LEE 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

Indole and its derivatives are widespread across different life forms, functioning as signalling molecules in prokaryotes and with more diverse roles in eukaryotes. A majority of indoles found in the environment are attributed to bacterial enzymes converting tryptophan into indole and its derivatives. The involvement of indoles among lower organisms as an interspecies and intraspecies signal is well known, with many reports showing that inter-kingdom interactions involving microbial indole compounds are equally important as they influence defence systems and even the behavior of higher organisms. Here, we discuss the role of microbial indoles in eukaryotes and current perspectives in human diseases and, indole derivatives as biomarkers of metabolic state for therapeutic opportunities.

The Promise of 3D Printed Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Developing Sustainable Batteries: A Techno-Commercial Perspective

Bharath Reddy Alandur Ramesh,Bipendra Basnet,Rui Huang,Jisoo Jeong,Hyunsang Lee,Thein Kyu,Jae-Won Choi 한국정밀공학회 2024 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.11 No.1

The year 1975 can be claimed to be the year of inception for the research and development of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) for Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIB), when the ionic conductivity of polyethylene oxide–alkaline metal ion complex was found by Peter Wright from the University of Sheffield. However, SPE research has undergone a leapfrog development, with conductivity values improving from 1 × 10–7 S·cm−1 to 1 × 10–1 S·cm−1. The seed of development of SPEs spurs from the need for introducing design freedom to battery structures as well as the need for leak-proof electrolytes, greater operational safety, higher energy density, and other considerations. While the benefits of SPEs are evident, poor interfacial contact is a major factor limiting their application. This review presents the history of SPEs and shows how the additive manufacturing (AM) could prove beneficial for the improvement of performance and the functional implementation of SPEs. While the article articulates a technical review of additively manufactured SPEs, it also provides a lab-to-market perspective that could aid in shaping the future of green technology in energy storage. It also aims to provide an overall picture about the evolution and diversity of research advances in the development of greener SPEs through AM technology.