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New Approach Way Using Substituent Group at Core Chromophore for Solution Process Blue Emitter.
Lee, Sunmi,Kim, Seungho,Lee, Jaehyun,Kim, Beomjin,Park, Jongwook American Scientific Publishers 2015 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.15 No.2
<P>Comparing the conventional vapor desposition process for OLEDs, the solution process using small molecules has merits of low production cost because of many reasons. For the solution process blue flourescent material, tertiary butyl (T) and anthracene (A) were first introduced as substituents to TAT core part, 2-tert-butyl-9,10-bis(3',5'-diphenylbiphenyl-4'-yl)anthracene (T-TAT) and 2-(9-anthracenyl)-9,10-bis(3',5'-diphenylbiphenyl-4'-yl)anthracene (A-TAT). All three materials indicated typical absorption band of anthracene in the range of 350 to 400 nm. T-TAT exhibited similar optical properties to TAT, but A-TAT has longer absorption and PL emission compared to other two compounds. In case of spin-coated film, A-TAT exhibited absorption maximum value of 408 nm and photoluminescence maximum value of 469 nm. T-TAT and A-TAT can be applicable to solution process as a blue fluorescence material.</P>
Risk-Based Approaches to the Safety in New Ship Design
Lee, Jongkap,Lee, Soonsup,Park, Beomjin,Lee, Dongkon The Korean Association of Ocean Science and Techno 2005 Journal of Ocean Science and Technology Vol.2 No.1
With the increase of the importance of the safety and environmental protection at sea, safety is a core design factor of maritime systems. Safety is defined as a perceived quality that determines to what extent the management, engineering and operation of a system is free of danger to life, property and the environment (Kuo 1998). There are many possible ways of dealing with the safety of ships. The rule-based approach is most commonly used in ship design. However there are many drawbacks to assure the safety objectives for a new ship and marine systems. This paper aims to investigate a systematic and rational approach to achieve the safety objectives of new ship in design process. Risk-based methodologies including the FSA (Formal Safety Assessment) and their applications to maritime systems are reviewed. Based on the principles of systems engineering and risk assessment, a process of safety assessment in ship design is established and proposed.
Jeong, Beomjin,Cho, Suk Man,Cho, Sung Hwan,Lee, Ju Han,Hwang, Ihn,Hwang, Sun Kak,Cho, Jinhan,Lee, Tae‐,Woo,Park, Cheolmin Wiley - VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA 2016 Physica Status Solidi. Rapid Research Letters Vol.10 No.5
<P>Control of crystallization of a solution‐processed perovskite layer is of prime importance for high performance solar cells. In spite of the negative effect of water on perovskite solar energy conversion in several previous works, we observed that humidity plays a critical role to develop a thin uniform, dense perovskite film with preferred crystals, in particular, in a device with architecture of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>PbI<SUB>3</SUB>/ PC<SUB>71</SUB>BM/LiF/Al fabricated by two‐step sequential spin‐coating process. Humidity controlled spin‐coating of CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>I on the pre‐formed PbI<SUB>2</SUB> layer was the most influential process and systematic structural investigation as a function of humidity revealed that grains of CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>PbI<SUB>3</SUB> perovskite crystals increase in size with their preferred orientation while film surface becomes roughened as the humidity increases. The performance of a device was closely related to the humidity dependent film morphology and in 40% relative humidity, the device exhibited the maximum power conversion efficiency of approximately 12% more than 10 times greater than that of a device fabricated at 20% humidity. The results suggest that our process with controlled humidity can be another efficient route for high performance and reliable perovskite solar cells. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</P>