The thermal interaction of a buoyant plume from a calandria tube with an oblique jet

Rossouw, D.J.,Atkins, M.D.,Beharie, K.,Kim, T.,Rhee, B.W.,Kim, H.T. Elsevier 2016 Nuclear engineering and design Vol.310 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Severe reactor core damage may occur from fuel channel failure as a consequence of excessive heat emitted from calandria tubes (CTs) in a pressurised heavy water (D<SUB>2</SUB>O) reactor (CANDU). The heating of the CTs is caused by creep deformation of the pressure tubes (PTs), which may be ballooning or sagging depending on the internal pressure of the PTs. The deformation of the pressure tube is due to overheating as a result of a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) and emergency core cooling system (ECCS) failure. To prevent the exacerbation of the LOCA, circulating D<SUB>2</SUB>O in the moderator tank may be utilized by forming a secondary jet that externally cools the individual CTs. The buoyant plume develops around the CTs and interacts with the secondary jet at a certain oblique angle with respect to the gravitational axis, depending on the spatial location of the hot calandria tubes (or the hot reactor core region). This study reports on how the local and overall heat transfer characteristics on a calandria tube where the buoyant plume develops, are altered by the obliqueness of the external secondary jet (from a co-current jet to a counter-current jet) in a simplified configuration at the jet Reynolds number of <I>Re<SUB>j</SUB> </I> =1500 for the Archimedes number of <I>Ar<SUB>D</SUB> </I> =0.11 and Rayleigh number of <I>Ra<SUB>D</SUB> </I> =1.6×10<SUP>6</SUP> (modified Rayleigh number of 3.0×10<SUP>7</SUP>).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A crucial role of relative orientation between mixed convection modes is observed. </LI> <LI> The extent of thermal interaction strongly depends on the relative orientation. </LI> <LI> Coolant flow is substantially diffused by a buoyant plume if counter-acting. </LI> <LI> Slightly oblique coolant flow to the gravitational axis provides the best cooling. </LI> </UL> </P>

Recovery of copper values from bio-heap leaching of low grade Malanjkhand chalcopyrite ore

Lala Behari Sukla,Kailash Chandra Nathsarma,Joystna Rani Mahanta,Sradhanjali Singh,Snehasis Behera,Karanam Srinivas Rao,Tondepu Subbaiah,Barada Kanta Mishra 한국화학공학회 2009 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.26 No.6

M/S Hindustan Copper Limited (HCL), India generates large amounts of lean sulfide ores of copper. The current production of lean copper ores in India is 0.55 million tons with ~0.3% average copper content. Heap-bioleaching of the lean copper ores in 15 and 30 ton scales was undertaken at IMMT, Bhubaneswar. The leaching study showed 0.09% dissolution of copper from the ore body per day. The leach liquor was processed through solvent extraction and electrowinning. Extraction of copper from the actual leach liquor was carried out with 1.5% LIX 622N in kerosene with zero co-extraction of iron. The copper-free raffinate was fed back to the leaching unit. Stripping of copper from the loaded organic was carried out with 180 kg/㎥ H2SO4. The copper pregnant electrolyte was passed through a carbon column to make it free from entrained organic and was fed to the electrowinning unit. The increase in current efficiency was due to the increase in the concentration of electrolyte. The energy consumption was 1.7 kWh/kg at a flow rate of 4.5 L/h. Smooth and bright sheets of copper of 99.99% purity were obtained.

Recovery of nickel from chromite overburden, Sukinda using Aspergillus niger supplemented with manganese

Lala Behari Sukla,Sunil Kumar Behera,Prangya Parimita Panda,Sandeep Kumar Saini,Nilotpala Pradhan,Barada Kanta Mishra 한국화학공학회 2013 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.30 No.2

Oxalic acid is a prominent metabolite secreted by several fungi under specific conditions, which acts as a metal chelating agent. Amongst different fungal species, Aspergillus niger is favored as the best option for microbial production of oxalic acid. The present study deals with the oxalic acid over production by A. niger in response to manganese supplement to its growth medium, which in turn improves the recovery of nickel from pre-treated chromite overburden(COB) during fungal bioleaching. The metabolic pathway in oxalate bio-synthesis by A. niger involves one prominent cytoplasmic enzyme oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase (OAH), which catalyzes the breakdown of oxaloacetate metabolic intermediate to oxalate and acetate. Oxalic acid production was increased due to supplement of manganese to the culture medium of the A. niger. Manganese acts as cofactor for OAH enzyme; further, it enhances the catalytic activity of OAH to produce more oxalate. With oxalic acid production by A. niger, nickel recovery from pre-treated COB was improved. During the study, a maximum of nickel recovery was achieved up to 38.6% from pre-treated COB by adding 80 ppm of manganese to the culture media, whereas 24.0% of nickel was recovered without supplement of manganese (experiments were performed at 30 oC and the COB pulp density 2% w/v).

Detection of Alternaria spp. in Carrot Seeds and Effect of the Fungi on SeedGermination and Seedling Growth of Carrot

김완규,Suaresh Behari Mathur 한국식물병리학회 2006 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.22 No.1

Five seed samples of carrot were tested to detect Alternaria spp. by blotter method. A. alternata and A. radicina were detected from all the seed samples as high as 25.8-70.5% and 37.5-63.5%, respectively. A. dauci was detected from four seed samples as low as 0.5-7.5%. The three Alternaria spp. were detected from the pericarp and the seed coat and endosperm of the carrot seeds but not from the embryo by component plating test. A. alternata and A. radicina were much more detected from the pericarp than the seed coat and endosperm. A. dauci was detected from the pericarp and the seed coat and endosperm at similar rate. The seed sample which was most severely infected with A. radicina showed the lowest rate of germination in the test on top of paper (TP). In the TP test, differences in total infection rate of A. radicina and A. dauci of the seed samples were very closely correlated with those in incidence of seedling rot on the seed samples. However, there was no correlation between infection rate of A. alternata and rate of germination or seedling rot of the seed samples. Soil test for seedling growth revealed that there was no correlation between differences in total infection rate of A. radicina and A. dauci and those in rate of normal seedlings of the seed samples.

Studies on the atmospheric air–plasma treatment of PET (polyethylene terephtalate) woven fabrics: Effect of process parameters and of aging

Takke, V.,Behary, N.,Perwuelz, A.,Campagne, C. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Journal of applied polymer science Vol.114 No.1

<P>The effect of process parameters and of aging on the atmospheric air–plasma treatment of polyethylene terephtalate (PET) woven fabric were studied using surface analysis methods: wettability/capillarity method as well as tapping mode atomic force microscopy imaging. Treatment time and plasma power have significant effect on the variation in fabric capillary weight, surface water contact angle and surface topography. Plasma treatment of PET surface with plasma species not only degrades the surface but also causes surface restructuring as the speed is lowered and the power is increased. An optimal treatment of the PET fabric samples, in terms of increased hydrophilicity both inside and on the PET fabric, is achieved at 60 KJ/m<SUP>2</SUP> and at a lower speed of 1–2 m/min: water contact angle decreasing from 81° to 40° and capillary weight increasing from 55 to 380 mg. Aging experiments show that, the plasma-treated surface is degraded to a more disordered structure without light, whereas in presence of light a more eroded but organized structure is observed. Indeed wettability/capillarity test shows that light degrades the plasma treatment both at and inside the fabric structure. However, in absence of light, although aging is very slow at the fabric surface, a decrease in capillary uptake by the fabric is detected. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009</P>

Platelet Derived Growth Factor-B and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 Polymorphisms in Gall Bladder Cancer

Mishra, Kumudesh,Behari, Anu,Kapoor, Vinay Kumar,Khan, M. Salman,Prakash, Swayam,Agrawal, Suraksha Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.14

Gall bladder cancer (GBC) is a gastro-intestinal cancer with high prevalence among north Indian women. Platelet derived growth factor-B (PDGFB) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) may play roles in the etiology of GBC through the inflammation-hyperplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma pathway. To study the association of PDGFB and HER2 polymorphisms with risk of GBC, 200 cases and 300 controls were considered. PDGFB +286A>G and +1135A>C polymorphisms were investigated with an amplification refractory mutation system and the HER2 $Ile^{655}Val$ polymorphism by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Significant risk associations for PDGFB +286 GG (OR=5.25) and PDGFB +1135 CC (OR=3.19) genotypes were observed for GBC. Gender wise stratification revealed susceptibility for recessive models of PDGFB +1135A>C (OR=3.00) and HER2 $Ile^{655}Val$ (OR=2.52) polymorphisms among female GBC cases. GBC cases with gall stones were predisposed to homozygous +286 GG and +1135 CC genotypes. Significant risk associations were found for ACIle (OR=1.48), GAVal (OR=1.70), GAIle (OR=2.00) haplotypes with GBC cases and GCIle haplotype with female GBC cases (OR=10.37, P=<0.0001). Pair-wise linkage disequilibrium revealed negative associations among variant alleles. On multi-dimensional reduction analysis, a three factor model revealed significant gene-gene interaction for PDGFB +286A>G, PDGFB +1135A>C and HER2 Ile165Val SNPs with GBC. Protein-protein interaction showed significant association of PDGFB and HER2 with the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway.

Selective recovery and intensification of Mn from spent LiMn2O4 using sulfuric acid as lixiviant and Na-D2EHPA as extractant

Mohanty Archita,Sukla Lala Behari,Nayak Sumitra,Devi Niharbala 한국자원공학회 2022 Geosystem engineering Vol.25 No.5

Despite the rising demand for lithium-ion batteries and their widespread acceptance, recycling and repurposing end-of-life lithium-ion battery materials is still a work in progress. This will help mitigate the dependence on raw materials and risks of shortage while promoting a circular economy. The present work addresses a hydrometallurgical process to recover Mn from spent LiMn2O4 using sulphuric acid as a lixiviant and Na-D2EHPA as extractant. Effects of various leaching parameters have been studied and the pregnant leach solution has been generated using 1 mol/L H2SO4 with 6% H2O2 at a pulp density of 10 g/L, maintaining the temperature at 30°C at 450 rpm for 1 hour which contained 2.52 g/L Mn and 0.545 g/L of Li. The PLS was subjected to separation using solvent extraction method taking 70% saponified di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as extractant. The McCabe-Thiele plot suggested two theoretical stages at O:A ratio of 1:1 using 0.3 mol/L Na-D2EHPA with 99.94% extraction of Mn and 10.2% co-extraction of Li. The co-extracted lithium was removed by scrubbing with MnSO4 solution. The loaded organic containing 2.574 g/L Mn was stripped using 10% H2SO4 at two stages at O: A ratio of 1.5:1 and enriched the concentration of manganese 1.5 times in the stripped solution.

Bio-hydrometallurgical processing of low grade chalcopyrite for the recovery of copper metal

Sandeep Panda,Lala Behari Sukla,Chinmaya Kumar Sarangi,Nilotpala Pradhan,Tondepu Subbaiah,Barada Kanta Mishra,Gur Lal Bhatoa,Mullukutlashivram Prasad,Subrat Kumar Ray 한국화학공학회 2012 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.29 No.6

A process flowsheet was developed to recover copper metal from the lean sulfide ore of copper available at Malanjkhand, Hindustan Copper Limited (HCL), India. Copper pregnant leach solution (PLS) obtained from bio-heap leaching of chalcopyrite containing 0.3% copper was purified through solvent extraction (SX) and the copper recovered by electrowinning (EW). The copper-free raffinate obtained from SX stripping unit was returned back to the bioleaching circuit. The purity of the electrolytic copper produced at pilot scale was found to be 99.96%. During electrowinning,the effect of flow rate of electrolyte on current efficiency and energy consumption was also studied.

Recent bioreduction of hexavalent chromium in wastewater treatment: A review

Debabrata Pradhan,Lala Behari Sukla,Matthew Sawyer,Pattanathu K.S.M. Rahman 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.55 No.-

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in water is a proven carcinogen to different internal and external organs of the living organisms. There are different human activities incorporated to the anthropogenic sources in the environment enriching Cr(VI) of high concentration in the water system above the regulatory level. The physical, chemical and biological properties of chromium favour the dissolution in the water environment. This concerns the environmental researcher to tackle and mitigate. Chemical or biological techniques or a combination of the two have been used to remove Cr(VI) from polluted waters. Biological techniques include integrated bioremediation, such as the primary processes of direct bioreduction and biosorption, and secondary processes of microbial fuel cell, biostimulation, surface modified dry biomass and biochar adsorption, and engineered biofilm and cell free reductase. These techniques are used by a wide range of living organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants, plant leaves, plant nuts and algae. This group of living organisms transform and remove Cr(VI) from water during the cellular metabolisms, extracellular activities, physical and chemical adsorptions on the cell surface, and photosynthesis. Variation of different physical, chemical and environmental parameters affecting the efficiency of the bioremediation process have impacted on the design of bioreactors. There has been a recent development of a microbial fuel cell which use the proximity of Cr(VI) reduction as a cathode half cell for the generation of renewable energy and simulation of its’ removal from water.

Vascular Injuries during Cholecystectomy; Incidence, Management and Long Term Outcomes: A 20-year Tertiary Center Experience!!!

Saurabh Galodha,Anu Behari,Rajneesh K Singh,Ashok Kumar Gupta,V K Kapoor,Rajan Saxena 대한외과학회 2020 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2020 No.11