New benzylidene oxazolone derived polymeric photoswitches for light-induced tunable thermoresponsive behaviors

Balamurugan, A.,Lee, H. i. Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Polymer chemistry Vol.5 No.22

Selective ethanol gas sensing behavior of mesoporous n-type semiconducting FeNbO₄ nanopowder obtained by niobium-citrate process

Balamurugan, C.,Maheswari, A.R.,Lee, D.W.,Subramania, A. Elsevier 2014 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.14 No.3

Beyond the most investigated mesoporous silica and carbon based materials, metal oxides have attracted considerable interest due to their more diverse electronic functionality, which includes gas sensing activities, semiconductor characteristics and magnetic properties. In this paper, we describe the fabrication, characterization and application of mesoporous FeNbO<SUB>4</SUB> nanopowder for ethanol gas sensing application. FeNbO<SUB>4</SUB> nanopowder was synthesized via the niobium-citrate complex method, without using any surfactant and size selection medium. Thermal stability and structure of the nanopowder was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTA) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Structural analysis confirmed the formation of FeNbO<SUB>4</SUB> with monoclinic structure. The particle size, electrical and optical properties were also systemically investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), impedance and diffused reflectance spectra. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms of the FeNbO<SUB>4</SUB> were type IV with hysteresis loops of type H<SUB>3</SUB> indicating well-defined pore structure with mesoporous nature. The sensing characteristics of FeNbO<SUB>4</SUB> nanopowder such as sensitivity, operating temperature and response time, were studied in the presence of ethanol (C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>OH). Experimental result confirmed that a higher response to ethanol at relatively lower operating temperature of 200 <SUP>o</SUP>C.

Novel route to synthesis of N-doped graphene/Cu-Ni oxide composite for high electrochemical performance

Balamurugan, J.,Thanh, T.D.,Heo, S.B.,Kim, N.H.,Lee, J.H. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 Carbon Vol.94 No.-

A facile and cost-effective one-pot solvothermal method has been successfully developed to synthesize an N-doped graphene (NG) and copper-nickel oxide (CuNiO) composite. The novel NG/CuNiO composite is proposed to be used as an electrode material for supercapacitors and non-enzymatic glucose sensors. Transmission electron microscopy images indicate the formation of CuNiO nanoparticles with an average diameter of approximately 5.6nm, with good dispersion on the NG sheets. The composite exhibited an excellent specific capacity of ~892Fg<SUP>-1</SUP> (current density of 1Ag<SUP>-1</SUP>) and high long-cycle stability with a 98.5% retention in specific capacitance after 5000 cycles at a current density of 5Ag<SUP>-1</SUP>. This superior electrochemical performance is attributed to high charge mobility, the flexibility of the N-doped graphene structure, and the synergetic effect between CuNiO nanoparticles and NG sheets. Further, the proposed sensor exhibited rapid response (<10s), high sensitivity (7.49μAmM<SUP>-1</SUP>cm<SUP>-2</SUP>), a wide detection range (0.2μM-0.3mM), good reproducibility, long-term stability, and a low detection limit 50nM (S/N=3). The NG/CuNiO composite electrode can be used for high performance supercapacitor and non-enzymatic glucose sensor applications.

Metal oxide based bifunctional electrocatalyst for HER and electrochemical sensing of dopamine

( Balamurugan Muthukutty ),유효종 한국공업화학회 2022 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2022 No.-

Surgical outcomes of endoscopic versus open resection for the management of sinonasal malignancies

Balamurugan Rajendran 대한구강악안면외과학회 2020 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.46 No.6

The purpose of this review is to assess the surgical outcomes of two different treatment modalities, endoscopic and open resection, for the management of sinonasal malignancies by comparing the effectiveness of these two methods. A wide search was carried out considering various electronic databases for English language articles from 2013 to 2018 using keywords such as sinonasal malignancies, endoscopic surgery, open resection for sinonasal malignancies, and endoscopic versus open surgery. One thousand articles were identified from the literature for screening. After a thorough systematic assessment and based on the selection criteria, 10 articles with 4,642 patients were included in this quantitative analysis. With a total of 4,642 patients, 1,730 patients were operated on using endoscopic resection and 2,912 patients were operated on using open resection. The endoscopic approach was found to have a shorter hospital stay compared to open surgical resection (P<0.05). The rate of positive margins and the recurrence rate for open surgical resection were both smaller compared to those for endoscopic resection (P>0.05), and the endoscopic approach had smaller complication rates and a higher survival rate compared to open resection (P>0.05). Though endoscopic resection and open surgical resection have comparable postoperative benefits, preoperative evaluation of cases presenting with sinonasal malignancies is necessary for determining the right treatment method to obtain the best possible results postoperatively.

Involvement of high-valent manganese-oxo intermediates in oxidation reactions: realisation in nature, nano and molecular systems

Balamurugan Mani,Saravanan Natarajan,Ha Heonjin,이윤호,Nam Ki Tae 나노기술연구협의회 2018 Nano Convergence Vol.5 No.18

Manganese plays multiple role in many biological redox reactions in which it exists in different oxidation states from Mn(II) to Mn(IV). Among them the high-valent manganese-oxo intermediate plays important role in the activity of certain enzymes and lessons from the natural system provide inspiration for new developments of artificial systems for a sustainable energy supply and various organic conversions. This review describes recent advances and key lessons learned from the nature on high-valent Mn-oxo intermediates. Also we focus on the elemental science developed from the natural system, how the novel strategies are realised in nano particles and molecular sites at heterogeneous and homogeneous reaction conditions respectively. Finally, perspectives on the utilisation of the high-valent manganese-oxo species towards other organic reactions are proposed.

An Improved Dynamic Programming Approach to Economic Power Dispatch with Generator Constraints and Transmission Losses

Balamurugan, R.,Subramanian, S. The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2008 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.3 No.3

This paper presents an improved dynamic programming (IDP) approach to solve the economic power dispatch problem including transmission losses in power systems. A detailed mathematical derivation of recursive dynamic programming approach for the economic power dispatch problem with transmission losses is presented. The transmission losses are augmented with the objective function using price factor. The generalized expression for optimal scheduling of thermal generating units derived in this article can be implemented for the solution of the economic power dispatch problem of a large-scale system. Six-unit, fifteen-unit, and forty-unit sample systems with non-linear characteristics of the generator, such as ramp-rate limits and prohibited operating zones are considered to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method results have been compared with the results of genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization methods reported in the literature. Test results show that the proposed IDP approach can obtain a higher quality solution with better performance.

Comparison of probabilistic and expert-based models in landslide susceptibility zonation mapping in part of Nilgiri District, Tamil Nadu, India

Balamurugan Guru,Ramesh Veerappan,Francis Sangma,Somnath Bera 대한공간정보학회 2017 Spatial Information Research Vol.25 No.6

In the present research work, the landslide susceptibility zonation (LSZ) mapping was carried out for the landslide prone area Nilgiri hills, Tamil Nadu, India. The LSZ mapping was carried out using ten landslide influencing factors along with extensive field investigation. The geospatial database was prepared through integrated remote sensing, geographical information systems, and GPS technologies. The methods adopted for the present study are frequency ratio (FR) which is probabilistic and analytical hierarchical process (AHP) which is subjective and objective based model. The FR values were evaluated through evaluating relationship between causative factors and past landslide (training) locations. The FR values were considered as the base for assigning the weights in AHP method along with the subjective knowledge. The final LSZ map were derived through the spatial integration of all causative factors and classified as different susceptibility classes viz. very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. The prediction accuracy of final LSZ map were validated using past landslide (validation) locations using area under curve (AUC) method. The FR model shown the highest prediction accuracy with AUC value of 0.6279, while the AHP model shown the AUC value of 0.5620.

A New Scaling Theory for the Effective Conducting Path Effect of Dual Material Surrounding Gate Nanoscale MOSFETs

Balamurugan, N.B.,Sankaranarayanan, K.,Suguna, M. The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2008 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.8 No.1

In this Paper, we present a scaling theory for dual material surrounding gate (DMSGTs) MOSFETs, which gives a guidance for the device design and maintaining a precise subthreshold factor for given device parameters. By studying the subthreshold conducting phenomenon of DMSGTs, the effective conductive path effect (ECPE) is employed to acquire the natural length to guide the design. With ECPE, the minimum channel potential is used to monitor the subthreshold behavior. The effect of ECPE on scaling factor significantly improves the subthreshold swing compared to conventional scaling rule. This proposed model offers the basic designing guidance for dual material surrounding gate MOSFETs.

Water-Soluble Polymeric Probes for the Selective Sensing of Mercury Ion: pH-Driven Controllable Detection Sensitivity and Time

Balamurugan, A.,Lee, Hyung-il American Chemical Society 2015 Macromolecules Vol.48 No.4

<P>Polymeric probes with dithioacetal units in the side chains were designed and synthesized for the selective and efficient colorimetric sensing of Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ions in aqueous solutions. These polymeric sensors were prepared by a reaction between aldehyde groups of the side chain in the polymer and ethanethiol or 3-mercaptopropionic acid using BF<SUB>3</SUB> as a Lewis acid. In aqueous solution, they exhibited a 30–40 nm red-shift in their absorption maxima upon the addition of Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ions, accompanied by a change in the color of the solution, from pale yellow to dark red. These results clearly demonstrated that the sensitive signaling behaviors originated from the Hg<SUP>2+</SUP>-promoted deprotection reaction of dithioacetal groups to form aldehyde functionalities. The sensors have excellent selectivity toward Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ions over other alkali and transition metal ions. The detection time for Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ion was finely tuned by a change in the pH of the solution. In particular, it took less than 1 min to complete Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ion detection at low pH. Given with fast and pH-tunable Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ion detection abilities, these polymeric probes are expected to offer unique potential platforms for integrating stimuli-responsive water-soluble polymers with tunable sensing behaviors.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mamobx/2015/mamobx.2015.48.issue-4/ma502350p/production/images/medium/ma-2014-02350p_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ma502350p'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>