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Park, Jong Soo,Simpson, Alastair G. B. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Environmental microbiology Vol.12 No.5
<P>Summary</P><P>Recent culture-based studies demonstrate the distinctiveness of the microbial eukaryote biota of very hypersaline environments. In contrast, microscopy-based faunistic studies suggest that the biota of habitats of more moderate hypersalinity (60–150‰) overlaps substantially with that of marine environments, but this has barely been studied with modern techniques. To investigate the diversity and salinity tolerance range of these organisms, eight cultures of heterotrophic stramenopiles were established from (or from nearby) moderately hypersaline locations. These isolates represent five independent groups; Groups A, B and C are bicosoecids; Groups D and E belong to Placididea. One isolate (Group A) is a strain of the widespread marine species <I>Cafeteria roenbergensis</I>, and cannot grow above 100‰ salinity. The other isolates – Groups B–E – can all grow at 150–175‰ salinities and are probably moderate halophiles. Groups B–E all represent previously unsequenced species or even genera, although Group B is the sister group of the borderline extreme halophile <I>Halocafeteria.</I> The high level of novelty en countered suggests that moderately hypersaline environments may harbour a heterotrophic stramenopile biota distinct from that of marine environments. Interestingly, our new isolates are all most closely related to marine or halophilic forms, and our phylogenies show large clades defined by saline/non-saline habitats within bicosoecids, placidomonads and related lineages. In particular, most freshwater/soil bicosoecids form one well-supported clade. The sole major exception is <I>Bicosoeca</I>, which is intermixed with marine environmental sequences originally referred to as ‘MAST-13’, which are from brackish water, not typical seawater. It seems that the freshwater/marine barrier has been crossed very few times in the evolutionary history of these heterotrophic stramenopile flagellates.</P>
Ji-Eun Kim,Ryohei Yamaguchi,Keith B. Rodgers,Axel Timmermann,Sun-Seon Lee,Karl Stein,Gokhan Danabasoglu,Jean-Francois Lamarque,John T. Fasullo,Clara Deser,Isla Simpson,Jennifer E. Kay 한국기상학회 2021 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.10
A merged biomass burning (BB) aerosol emission dataset of satellite observations with fire proxies and fire models has been used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) simulations for the historical period. Although this utilizes best estimates of fire emissions based on available observations, it results in inconsistency in interannual variability of BB forcing in CMIP6 between the satellite-based Global Fire Emissions Database period (1997-2014) and other periods. Here, we present multiyear mean climate responses to interannually varying BB emissions using the Community Earth System Model version 2 Large Ensemble (CESM2-LE) in which 50 members follow the CMIP6-provided BB emissions and another 50 members are forced by a temporally smoothed version of the same BB emissions. This design of the CESM2-LE provides a unique opportunity to identify a forced climate response to interannual fluctuations of fire emissions with high fidelity. While mean aerosol emissions are approximately conserved between the two sets of ensembles, there are detectable losses of Arctic sea ice and warming of the Northern Hemisphere in response to variable emissions. We also find that the multiyear warming occurs in concert with a net loss of soil ice and water in addition to the loss of sea ice. Investigation of the seasonal evolution of perturbations and responses suggests that these net changes are due to a nonlinear response of ice melting and freezing to decreased and increased BB aerosols, respectively, that are further enhanced by various feedbacks. Our findings highlight that interannual variability in aerosols can influence climate over timescales of multiple years through interactions with the cryosphere.
Virtual displays and virtual environments
Gilkey, R.H.,Isabelle, S.K.,Simpson, B.B. Ergonomics Society of Korea 1997 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.16 No.2
Our recent work on virtual environments and virtual displays is reviewed, including our efforts to establish the Virtual Environment Research, Interactive Technology, And Simulation (VERITAS) facility and our research on spatial hearing. VERITAS is a state-of -the-art multisensory facility, built around the ${CAVE}^{TM}$ technology. High-quality 3D audio is included and haptic interfaces are planned. The facility will support technical and non-technical users working in a wide variety of application areas. Our own research emphasizes the importance of auditory stimulation in virtual environments and complex display systems. Experiments on auditory-aided visual target acquistion, sensory conflict, sound localization in noise, and loxalization of speech stimuli are discussed.
Glodzik, Dominik,Morganella, Sandro,Davies, Helen,Simpson, Peter T,Li, Yilong,Zou, Xueqing,Diez-Perez, Javier,Staaf, Johan,Alexandrov, Ludmil B,Smid, Marcel,Brinkman, Arie B,Rye, Inga Hansine,Russnes, Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2017 Nature genetics Vol.49 No.11
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/ng.3771