Franchising for Global Distribution: A Systematic Review

Nurul Ashykin ABD AZIZ,Mohamad Rohieszan RAMDAN,Khairunnisa ABDUL AZIZ,Hasif Rafidee HASBOLLAH,Noreen Noor ABD AZIZ,Nik Syuhailah NIK HUSSIN,Md Zaki MUHAMAD HASAN 한국유통과학회 2023 유통과학연구 Vol.21 No.10

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore areas that have been studied extensively in previous studies related to franchising as a platform for global distribution. Furthermore, franchising is a strategic distribution method that gives entrepreneurs the opportunity to replicate an established business model. In addition, franchisees benefit from the use of established branding and receive support from the franchisor. Research design, data, and methodology: This study used the Preferred Reporting Items Systematics Review and Meta- Analyses (PRISMA) method to analyse data from 2003 to 2023 in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Results: A total of 79 articles were identified and analysed to see trends and related themes such as product distribution, business distribution, business strategy, emerging market, and franchising relationship. Also, publication trends by year related to franchises are also presented. Conclusions: Overall, the research trend related to franchising as a global distribution is well seen, and every year, many researchers begin to explore the topic of franchising as a method of distribution that can be explored from various aspects either quantitatively or qualitatively. Lastly, limitations and recommendations are made to provide guidance for future studies related to the topic broadly and deeply in enriching the findings.

Anti-parasitic activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Eimeria tenella in broilers experimentally infected

Sadiya Aziz Anah,Saad Aziz Anah,Khadeeja Abees Hmood Al-Khalidy 대한수의학회 2022 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.62 No.4

In the study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNOPs) at concentrations of 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg were tested for their antimicrobial action against the oocysts of Eimeria tenella. The oocysts of E. tenella were isolated from the feces of broilers received at the veterinary hospital in Diwaniyah Province and initially diagnosed by compound optical microscopy. The oocysts were confirmed molecularly by polymerase chain reaction targeting the ITS1 gene with a molecular weight of 409 bp. The results in the first week showed that ZNOP concentrations of 20 and 40 mg/kg possess various activities against E. tenella, while 60 mg/kg was the most effective in reducing excreted oocysts compared to the positive control and amprolium group, along with the appearance of mild symptoms and a mortality rate of 0.8%. In the second week of infection, excreted oocysts and mortality rates generally decreased in all treated groups. A comparison of all groups showed that the 60 mg/kg ZNOP-treated group had a significantly lower number of excreted oocysts, and all birds in this group recovered during the second week of infection. These findings revealed the prospect of using ZNOPs against E. tenella in challenging situations of the appearance of resistance to anticoccidial agents.

Mutual Consideration as a Principle for Doing Politeness

E. A. Aziz 한국외국어대학교 동남아연구소 2006 東南亞硏究 Vol.15 No.2

Mutual Consideration as a Principle for Doing PolitenessE Aminudin Aziz(Indonesia University of Education) There are various strategies used by people to show politeness in their language exchange, all of which are largely determined by the level of a speaker's perception about the potential risk of losing face resulted from his/her utterance. The provision of responses other than refusals to a request directed to a speaker at times his/her circumstances actually pressure him/her to make a refusal or refusing the request indirectly accompanied by a number of politeness markers can be regarded as examples of the speaker's strong willingness to maintain the (existing) harmony with the requester. In this paper, I will show how indirectness has become the norm for Indonesians when making refusals. This is clearly contrary to the claim made by non-Indonesians which often regard such a behavior as a sign of uncooperativeness and impoliteness. It appears that there are a number of cultural norms and values that govern their linguistic politeness behaviors which I shall formulate in a Principle of Mutual Consideration (PMC). Being a refinement to Grice's (1975) CP and to Leech's (1983) PP, PMC assumes three levels of politeness: pre-communicative politeness, on the spot politeness, and post-communicative politeness.

The Stimulus Factors Influencing Intention to Participate in Shopping during the Distribution of the 12.12 Online Shopping Festivals in Malaysia

MAHMUDDIN Yasmin,ABDULLAH Mazilah,RAMDAN Mohamad Rohieszan,MOHD ANIM Nur Aqilah Hazirah,ABD AZIZ Nurul Ashykin,ABD AZIZ Nurul Aien,YAHAYA Rusliza,ABD AZIZ Noreen Noor 한국유통과학회 2022 유통과학연구 Vol.20 No.8

Purpose: Online shopping festivals have quickly become the newest trend in online shopping worldwide due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This has led to marketing distribution channels that traditionally emphasized traditional techniques having turned to electronic commerce platforms. Although the pandemic scenario encourages online purchasing, other factors, such as the influence of participation intention to shop during the Online Shopping Festival, must also be considered. Research design, data and methodology: Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis based on data from 121 respondents who are actively involved with online shopping activities in Klang Valley, Selangor. Results: The results of this study show that promotion categories and the perceived influence of mass participation have a significant influence on participation intention. Meanwhile, the perceived temptation of price promotion and perceived fun promotional activities did not significantly influence participation intention. Conclusions: Theoretically, this study contributes to the literature by using the Theory of Planned Behavior and Stimulus-Response models to explain the factors that drive participation intention for online shopping. In practice, this study attracts and encourages customers to shop during the festival day because various attractive promotions are offered by sellers in Malaysia

Tumor-suppressive functions of protein lysine methyltransferases

Aziz Nur,Hong Yo Han,Kim Han Gyung,Kim Ji Hye,Cho Jae Youl 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-

Protein lysine methyltransferases (PKMTs) play crucial roles in histone and nonhistone modifications, and their dysregulation has been linked to the development and progression of cancer. While the majority of studies have focused on the oncogenic functions of PKMTs, extensive evidence has indicated that these enzymes also play roles in tumor suppression by regulating the stability of p53 and β-catenin, promoting α-tubulin-mediated genomic stability, and regulating the transcription of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Despite their contradictory roles in tumorigenesis, many PKMTs have been identified as potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. However, PKMT inhibitors may have unintended negative effects depending on the specific cancer type and target enzyme. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively summarize the tumor-suppressive effects of PKMTs and to provide new insights into the development of anticancer drugs targeting PKMTs.

Humidity Sensor Based on PEDOT:PSS and Zinc Stannate Nano-composite

Aziz, S.,Chang, D. E.,Doh, Y. H.,Kang, C. U.,Choi, K. H. Springer Science + Business Media 2015 Journal of electronic materials Vol.44 No.10

The Sybil Attacks and Defenses

Aziz Mohaisen,Joongheon Kim 한국산학기술학회 2013 SmartCR Vol.3 No.6

In this paper we take a close look at the Sybil attack and advances in defending against it, with particular emphasis on recent work. We identify three major veins in the research literature that describe ways to defend against the attack: using trusted certification, using resource testing, and using social networks. The first vein in the literature considers defending against the attack using trusted certification, which is done by either centralized certification or distributed certification using cryptographic primitives that can replace the centralized certification entity. The second vein in the literature considers defending against the attack by testing resources, which can be in the form of IP testing, network coordinates, or recurring cost (e.g., by requiring clients to solve puzzles). The third and last vein in the literature is by mitigating the attack, combining social networks used as bootstrap security and tools from random walk theory, which was shown to be effective in defending against the attack under certain assumptions. Our survey and analyses of the different schemes in the three veins in the literature show several shortcomings, which form several interesting directions and research questions worthy of investigation.

Aggressive Treatment of Performance Status 1 and 2 HCC Patients Significantly Improves Survival - an Egyptian Retrospective Cohort Study of 524 Cases

Aziz, Ashraf Omar Abdel,Omran, Dalia,Nabeel, Mohamed Mahmoud,Elbaz, Tamer Mahmoud,Abdelmaksoud, Ahmed Hosni,Attar, Inas El,Shousha, Hend Ibrahim Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.5

Background: In the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) system, only sorafenib is suggested for HCC patients having performance status (PS) 1 or 2 even if they have treatable lesions. In the current study, we aimed to explore the outcome of using aggressive treatment for HCC patients with PS 1 and 2. Materials and Methods: Five hundred and twenty four patients with HCC were enrolled in this study and divided into 2 groups: 404 PS 1 and 120 PS 2. Of the included 524 patients, 136 recceived non-aggressive supportive treatment and sorafenib, while 388 patients were offered aggressive treatment in the form of surgical resection, transplantation, percutaneous ablation, trans-arterial chemoembolization and/or chemoperfusion. All the patients were followed up for a period of 2 years to determine their survival. Results: Most HCC patients were CHILD A and B grades (89.4% versus 85.0%, for PS1 and PS2, respectively). Patients with PS1 were significantly younger. Out of the enrolled 524 patients, 388 were offered aggressive treatment, 253 (65.2%) having their lesions fully ablated, 94 (24.2%) undergoing partial ablation and 41 patients with no ablation (10.6%). The median survival of the patients with PS 1 who were offered aggressive treatment was 20 months versus 9 months only for those who were offered supportive treatment and sorafenib (p<0.001). Regarding HCC patients with PS 2, the median survivals were similarly 19.7 months versus 8.7 months only (p<0.001). Conclusions: Aggressive treatment of HCC patients with PS 1 and 2 significantly improves their survival. Revising the BCLC guidelines regarding such patients is recommended.

SIGNATURAL APPLICATIONS OF THE FRICKE GROUP ΓF (N)

Aziz Buy¨ ukkarag ¨ oz,Erdal Unl ¨ uyol 호남수학회 2022 호남수학학술지 Vol.44 No.2

In this paper, we establish the Fricke Group ΓF (N) which is a new special group of Non-Euclidean Crystallograhic (NEC) group. We obtain this group whose congruence subgroup Γ0(N) is expanded with Fricke reflection F(z) = 1Nz¯. Then, we research and calculate the structure of signature and fundamental domain of this group. And then, we calculate the number of boundary components in the signature for this group. Finally, we find the 2, 3, ∞ valued link periods of these boundary components with the H. Jaffee technique.

A promising nonlinear optics and optical limiting attributes in single organic coumarin-based compounds

Aziz Muhammad Safwan,Islam Shumaila,Rosli Muhammad Izz,Basar Norazah,Krishnan Ganesan,Duralim Maisarah,Harun Sulaiman Wadi 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.39 No.-

Nonlinear optical properties of Coumarin-based compounds i.e., 3-acetyl-7-iethylaminocoumarin (C3) and 7-Ethylamino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (C500) is reported by Z-scan technique (Nd: YAG Continuous-wave 532 nm). The conventional C500 compound exhibited NLR properties in the order of n2 = 10–9, whereas the synthesized C3 compound manifested both NLR and NLA properties around n2 = 10–9 and β = 10–4, respectively. The results are obtained from different laser power PC500 = 0.10–0.18 W, while PC3 = 0.20–0.28 W. Both compounds provided excellent NLO attributes at consistent and stable outputs of open and closed-aperture signals, resulted in eminence of NLR and NLA values. The C3 compound is manifested reverse saturable absorption, optical limiting properties, and threshold at 0.3814 W. The exclusivity of NLR in C500 makes it suitable to develop as an optical switcher while synthesized C3 compound is more suitable as an optical limiter for safety.