Franchising for Global Distribution: A Systematic Review

Nurul Ashykin ABD AZIZ,Mohamad Rohieszan RAMDAN,Khairunnisa ABDUL AZIZ,Hasif Rafidee HASBOLLAH,Noreen Noor ABD AZIZ,Nik Syuhailah NIK HUSSIN,Md Zaki MUHAMAD HASAN 한국유통과학회 2023 유통과학연구 Vol.21 No.10

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore areas that have been studied extensively in previous studies related to franchising as a platform for global distribution. Furthermore, franchising is a strategic distribution method that gives entrepreneurs the opportunity to replicate an established business model. In addition, franchisees benefit from the use of established branding and receive support from the franchisor. Research design, data, and methodology: This study used the Preferred Reporting Items Systematics Review and Meta- Analyses (PRISMA) method to analyse data from 2003 to 2023 in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Results: A total of 79 articles were identified and analysed to see trends and related themes such as product distribution, business distribution, business strategy, emerging market, and franchising relationship. Also, publication trends by year related to franchises are also presented. Conclusions: Overall, the research trend related to franchising as a global distribution is well seen, and every year, many researchers begin to explore the topic of franchising as a method of distribution that can be explored from various aspects either quantitatively or qualitatively. Lastly, limitations and recommendations are made to provide guidance for future studies related to the topic broadly and deeply in enriching the findings.

Anti-parasitic activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Eimeria tenella in broilers experimentally infected

Sadiya Aziz Anah,Saad Aziz Anah,Khadeeja Abees Hmood Al-Khalidy 대한수의학회 2022 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.62 No.4

In the study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNOPs) at concentrations of 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg were tested for their antimicrobial action against the oocysts of Eimeria tenella. The oocysts of E. tenella were isolated from the feces of broilers received at the veterinary hospital in Diwaniyah Province and initially diagnosed by compound optical microscopy. The oocysts were confirmed molecularly by polymerase chain reaction targeting the ITS1 gene with a molecular weight of 409 bp. The results in the first week showed that ZNOP concentrations of 20 and 40 mg/kg possess various activities against E. tenella, while 60 mg/kg was the most effective in reducing excreted oocysts compared to the positive control and amprolium group, along with the appearance of mild symptoms and a mortality rate of 0.8%. In the second week of infection, excreted oocysts and mortality rates generally decreased in all treated groups. A comparison of all groups showed that the 60 mg/kg ZNOP-treated group had a significantly lower number of excreted oocysts, and all birds in this group recovered during the second week of infection. These findings revealed the prospect of using ZNOPs against E. tenella in challenging situations of the appearance of resistance to anticoccidial agents.

Mutual Consideration as a Principle for Doing Politeness

E. A. Aziz 한국외국어대학교 동남아연구소 2006 東南亞硏究 Vol.15 No.2

Mutual Consideration as a Principle for Doing PolitenessE Aminudin Aziz(Indonesia University of Education) There are various strategies used by people to show politeness in their language exchange, all of which are largely determined by the level of a speaker's perception about the potential risk of losing face resulted from his/her utterance. The provision of responses other than refusals to a request directed to a speaker at times his/her circumstances actually pressure him/her to make a refusal or refusing the request indirectly accompanied by a number of politeness markers can be regarded as examples of the speaker's strong willingness to maintain the (existing) harmony with the requester. In this paper, I will show how indirectness has become the norm for Indonesians when making refusals. This is clearly contrary to the claim made by non-Indonesians which often regard such a behavior as a sign of uncooperativeness and impoliteness. It appears that there are a number of cultural norms and values that govern their linguistic politeness behaviors which I shall formulate in a Principle of Mutual Consideration (PMC). Being a refinement to Grice's (1975) CP and to Leech's (1983) PP, PMC assumes three levels of politeness: pre-communicative politeness, on the spot politeness, and post-communicative politeness.

The Stimulus Factors Influencing Intention to Participate in Shopping during the Distribution of the 12.12 Online Shopping Festivals in Malaysia

MAHMUDDIN Yasmin,ABDULLAH Mazilah,RAMDAN Mohamad Rohieszan,MOHD ANIM Nur Aqilah Hazirah,ABD AZIZ Nurul Ashykin,ABD AZIZ Nurul Aien,YAHAYA Rusliza,ABD AZIZ Noreen Noor 한국유통과학회 2022 유통과학연구 Vol.20 No.8

Purpose: Online shopping festivals have quickly become the newest trend in online shopping worldwide due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This has led to marketing distribution channels that traditionally emphasized traditional techniques having turned to electronic commerce platforms. Although the pandemic scenario encourages online purchasing, other factors, such as the influence of participation intention to shop during the Online Shopping Festival, must also be considered. Research design, data and methodology: Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis based on data from 121 respondents who are actively involved with online shopping activities in Klang Valley, Selangor. Results: The results of this study show that promotion categories and the perceived influence of mass participation have a significant influence on participation intention. Meanwhile, the perceived temptation of price promotion and perceived fun promotional activities did not significantly influence participation intention. Conclusions: Theoretically, this study contributes to the literature by using the Theory of Planned Behavior and Stimulus-Response models to explain the factors that drive participation intention for online shopping. In practice, this study attracts and encourages customers to shop during the festival day because various attractive promotions are offered by sellers in Malaysia

Size-controlled preparation of fluorescent gold nanoparticles using pamoic acid

Aziz, Md. Abdul,Kim, Jong-Pil,Shaikh, M. Nasiruzzaman,Oyama, Munetaka,Bakare, Fatai Olawale,Yamani, Zain Hassan Springer-Verlag 2015 Gold bulletin Vol.48 No.1

A Machine Learning Framework for Touristic Demands

Aziz Nasridinov(나스리디노프 아지즈),Se-In Jang(장세인),Lkhagvadorj Battulga(바툴가 르하그바도르츠),Young-Ho Park(박영호) 한국정보기술학회 2018 Proceedings of KIIT Conference Vol.2018 No.6

Validation of a New Design of Tellurium Dioxide-Irradiated Target

Aziz Fllaoui,Younes Ghamad,Brahim Zoubir,Zinel Abidine Ayaz,Aissam El Morabiti,Hafid Amayoud,El Mahjoub Chakir 한국원자력학회 2016 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.48 No.5

Production of iodine-131 by neutron activation of tellurium in tellurium dioxide (TeO2) material requires a target that meets the safety requirements. In a radiopharmaceutical production unit, a new lid for a can was designed, which permits tight sealing of the target by using tungsten inert gas welding. The leakage rate of all prepared targets was assessed using a helium mass spectrometer. The accepted leakage rate is ≤ 10−4 mbr.L/s, according to the approved safety report related to iodine-131 production in the TRIGA Mark II research reactor (TRIGA: Training, Research, Isotopes, General Atomics). To confirm the resistance of the new design to the irradiation conditions in the TRIGA Mark II research reactor's central thimble, a study of heat effect on the sealed targets for 7 hours in an oven was conducted and the leakage rates were evaluated. The results show that the tightness of the targets is ensured up to 600°C with the appearance of deformations on lids beyond 450°C. The study of heat transfer through the target was conducted by adopting a one-dimensional approximation, under consideration of the three transfer modes—convection, conduction, and radiation. The quantities of heat generated by gamma and neutron heating were calculated by a validated computational model for the neutronic simulation of the TRIGA Mark II research reactor using the Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code. Using the heat transfer equations according to the three modes of heat transfer, the thermal study of I-131 production by irradiation of the target in the central thimble showed that the temperatures of materials do not exceed the corresponding melting points. To validate this new design, several targets have been irradiated in the central thimble according to a preplanned irradiation program, going from 4 hours of irradiation at a power level of 0.5 MW up to 35 hours (7 h/d for 5 days a week) at 1.5 MW. The results show that the irradiated targets are tight because no iodine-131 was released in the atmosphere of the reactor building and in the reactor cooling water of the primary circuit.

A Study on Database Indexing Techniques and Their Limitations

( Aziz Nasridinov ),( Young-ho Park ) 한국정보처리학회 2013 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.20 No.1

There are numerous approaches to improve the performances of database systems. The most efficient ones are considered to be implementing an effective database indexing technique. This must guarantee the balance between the memory, storage resources and processor of the database server according to the type, structure, the physical organization and the cardinality of data, the type of queries and the number of competing transactions. The challenge is to find an appropriate index type that would suite these requirements. In this paper, we provide an overview of the most used database indexing techniques such as B-tree index and Bitmap index, present an analysis of these techniques and discuss their limitations.

Fe/ZSM-5 zeolites for organic-pollutant removal in the gas phase: Effect of the iron source and loading

Aziz, A.,Kim, S.,Kim, K.S. Elsevier B.V 2016 Journal of environmental chemical engineering Vol.4 No.3

In the present work, Fe/ZSM-5 zeolites were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis using two different iron sources as iron precursors: ammonium iron citrate (AIC) and iron chloride. The obtained catalysts were characterized using XRD, BET, SEM, FTIR, ICP and TPD-NH<SUB>3</SUB>. The Fe/ZSM-5 that was synthesized with AIC showed a high BET surface area, eminent dispersion, greater Fe content, better crystallinity and low acidity than that synthesized with iron chloride. The prepared catalysts were tested for the adsorptive degradation of toluene and ethyl benzene in the gas phase. The consequence of different Fe sources of Fe/ZSM-5 on the catalytic removal of organic pollutants was observed in terms of toluene and ethylbenzene reduction. The catalytic tests were conducted in a tedler bag in the batch operation mode at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The effect of the mass ratio of the Fe/Al component on ZSM-5 was also studied by varying the molar ratios of Fe in the starting mixture gel during hydrothermal synthesis. The results in this manuscript show that the nature of the iron source and pollutant and Fe/Al ratio strongly affect the adsorptive catalytic removal capacity of the materials, which affects the formation of ultimate mineralized product CO<SUB>2</SUB>. The optimal molar ratio of Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> in the starting gel was found to be 2mol, which makes it a promising catalyst.

Factors affecting nursing and health technician students' satisfaction with distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco: a descriptive study

Aziz Naciri,Mohamed Radid,Abderrahmane Achbani,Mohamed Amine Baba,Ahmed Kharbach,Ghizlane Chemsi 한국보건의료인국가시험원 2022 보건의료교육평가 Vol.19 No.-

Purpose Distance learning describes any learning based on the use of new multimedia technologies and the internet to allow students to acquire new knowledge and skills at a distance. This study aimed to determine satisfaction levels with distance learning and associated factors among nursing and health technician students during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Morocco. Methods An descriptive study was conducted between April and June 2022 among nursing and health technician students using a self-administered instrument. The student satisfaction questionnaire consists of 24 questions categorized into 6 subscales: instructor, technology, course setup, interaction, outcomes, and overall satisfaction. It was based on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with student satisfaction during distance learning. Results A total of 330 students participated in this study, and 176 students (53.3%) were satisfied with the distance learning activities. A mean score higher than 2.8 out of 5 was obtained for all subscales. Multiple regression analysis showed that students’ year of study (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28–4.27) and internet quality (aOR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.29–0.77) were the significant factors associated with students’ satisfaction during distance learning. Conclusion This study highlights the satisfaction level of students and factors that influenced it during distance learning. A thorough understanding of student satisfaction with digital environments will contribute to the successful implementation of distance learning devices in nursing.