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Software-Defined Networking and Virtualization: The Service Provider Perspective
Attila Takacs,Elisa Bellagamba,Joe Wilke,DK Lee 에스케이텔레콤 (주) 2013 Telecommunications Review Vol.23 No.5
An architecture based on software-defined networking (SDN) and virtualization techniques gives operators greater freedom to balance operational and business parameters, such as network resilience, service performance and QoE against the costs. In this work we review our Carrier Cloud as a future mobile network infrastructure that exploits both SDN and virtualization technologies in order to increase the operator agility, reduce the cost, and even disrupt the vendor landscape. We begin with Ericsson’s approach to SDN goes beyond the data center addressing issues in the service provider environment, and move on to network functions virtualization (NFV) as a promising alternative to the legacy network infrastructure. We also reveal there are remaining hurdles of those key technologies to overcome in order to be fully adopted in the Telco world.
( Peter Takacs ),( Bence Kozma ),( Rudolf Lampé ),( Attila Sipos ),( Robert Poka ) 대한산부인과학회 2020 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.63 No.3
Objective To improve pelvic floor recovery after vaginal delivery with daily supplementation of a specially formulated postpartum recovery supplement. Methods Within 48 hours of vaginal delivery, primipara women were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive daily oral supplementation for 6 weeks with either a combination of regular prenatal vitamin (PNV), leucine (4 g/day), zinc (30 mg/day) and omega-3 fatty acid (900 mg/day) (treatment group), or only a PNV daily (control group). Co-primary outcomes were vaginal squeeze pressure as measured by perineometer and levator muscle injury as measured by transperineal 3-dimensional tomographic ultrasound at 6 weeks postpartum. Results Twenty-six women in the control group and 27 in the treatment group completed the trial. Weak pelvic floor muscle strength was significantly less frequent in the treatment group compared to the control group at 6 weeks after delivery (28% vs. 58%, P=0.03). Both right and left-sided levator-urethra gap was significantly larger in the control group compared to the treatment group indicating more levator injury being present in the control group at 6 weeks after delivery. Anterior vaginal wall prolapse at or beyond the hymenal ring was significantly more common in the control group compared to the treatment group (19% vs. 0%, P=0.02). Significantly more women reported bothersome bulge symptoms in the control group compared to the treatment group at 6 weeks postpartum (19% vs. 0%, P=0.02). Conclusion Postpartum women who received a specially formulated postpartum recovery supplement had improved recovery of the pelvic floor after vaginal delivery.
Zinc-containing Vaginal Moisturizer Gel Improves Postmenopausal Vulvovaginal Symptoms: A Pilot Study
Peter Takacs,Bence Kozma,Balazs Erdodi,Attila Jakab,Kindra Larson,Robert Poka 대한폐경학회 2019 대한폐경학회지 Vol.25 No.1
Objectives: Although vaginal estrogen is highly effective in alleviating genitourinary symptoms of menopause (GSM), some women are reluctant to use hormonal treatment. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of a zinc-containing vaginal moisturizer gel on GSM. Methods: Women with GSM were enrolled. Patients were asked to use the vaginal gel daily for 2 weeks. Vaginal Health Index (VHI) was calculated. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was obtained on vaginal pain, dryness, burning, itching, dyspareunia and dysuria before and 2 weeks after the completion of treatment. Vaginal cytology was obtained. Vulvovaginal symptom questionnaire (VSQ- 21) was used to assess subjective symptoms. Results: Thirty-seven women with GSM participated in the study. The VHI improved significantly (mean ± standard deviation, 13 ± 4 before vs. 17 ± 4 after treatment, P < 0.01). The patient reported VAS combined score was significantly lower after the treatment (18 ± 14 before vs. 7 ± 12 after treatment, P < 0.01). The largest improvement occurred in vaginal dryness. The maturation value did not change significantly. There were no signs of inflammation on vaginal cytology. VSQ-21 combined scores also improved significantly (7.9 ± 5.5 before vs. 2.7 ± 3.6 after the intervention, P < 0.01). Side effects were rare and minor. Conclusions: Novel zinc-containing vaginal moisturizer gel significantly improves postmenopausal vulvovaginal symptoms without serious side effects.
Resilient Reduced-State Resource Reservation
Csaszar Andras,Takacs Attila,Szabo Robert,Henk Tamas The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2005 Journal of communications and networks Vol.7 No.4
Due to the strict requirements of emerging applications, per-flow admission control is gaining increasing importance. One way to implement per-flow admission control is using an onpath resource reservation protocol, where the admission decision is made hop-by-hop after a new flow request arrives at the network boundary. The next-steps in signaling (NSIS) working group of the Internet engineering task force (IETF) is standardising such an on-path signaling protocol. One of the reservation methods considered by NSIS is reduced-state mode, which, suiting the differentiated service (DiffServ) concept, only allows per-class states in interior nodes of a domain. Although there are clear benefits of not dealing with per-flow states in interior nodes-like scalability and low complexity-, without per-flow states the handling of re-routed flows, e.g., after a failure, is a demanding and highly non-trivial task. To be applied in carrier-grade networks, the protocol needs to be resilient in this situation. In this article, we will explain the consequences of a route failover to resource reservation protocols: Severe congestion and incorrect admission decisions due to outdated reservation states. We will set requirements that handling solutions need to fulfill, and we propose extensions to reduced-state protocols accordingly. We show with a set of simulated scenarios that with the given solutions reduced-state protocols can handle re-routed flows practically as fast and robust as stateful protocols.