Antioxidant activities of Erythrina stricta Roxb.using various in vitro and ex vivo models

AsokKumar, K,UmaMaheswari, M,Sivashanmugam, AT,SubhadraDevi, V,Subhashini, N,Ravi, TK Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2008 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.8 No.3

Erythrina stricta, a deciduous tree widely used traditionally in indigenous system of medicine for various ailments such as rheumatism, fever, leprosy, epilepsy etc. The leaves of Erythrina stricta was extracted with ethanol (70%) and used for the evaluation of various in vitro antioxidant assays which includes H - donor activity, nitric oxide scavenging, superoxide anion scavenging, reducing ability, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total antioxidant activity by thiocyanate and phosphomolybdenum method, metal chelating, $\beta$-carotene bleaching, total peroxy radical assays. The pro-oxidant activity was measured using bleomycin-dependent DNA damage. Ex vivo models like lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte haemolysis were also used to study the antioxidant property of the extract. The various antioxidant activities were compared with suitable standard antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyl toluene, $\alpha$-tocopherol, curcumin, quercetin and Trolox. The generation of free radicals viz. $O_2^{{\cdot}-}$, $OH^{\cdot}$, $H_2O_2$, $NO^{\cdot}$ and peroxyl radicals were effectively scavenged by the ethanolic extract of Erythrina stricta. In all the methods, the extract offered strong antioxidant activity in a concentration dependent manner. The total phenolic content, flavonoid content and total antioxidant activity in Erythrina stricta were determined as microgram (g) pyrocatechol, quercetin and $\alpha$-tocopherol equivalent/mg respectively. The extract did not exhibit any prooxidant activity when compared with ascorbic acid. The results obtained in the present study clearly indicates that Erythrina stricta scavenges free radicals and reduces lipid peroxidation, ameliorating the damage imposed by oxidative stress in different disease conditions and serve as a potential source of natural antioxidant.

Note on σ-derivations in Near-rings and Reduced Near-rings

ASOKKUMAR, ARJUNAN 대한수학회 2007 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.47 No.1

We study σ-derivations on reduced near-rings and extend certain results on derivations to σ-derivations with some conditions.

Antioxidant activities of Erythrina stricta Roxb.using various in vitro and ex vivo models

K AsokKumar,M UmaMaheswari,AT Sivashanmugam,V SubhadraDevi,N Subhashini,TK Ravi 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2008 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.8 No.3

Erythrina stricta, a deciduous tree widely used traditionally in indigenous system of medicine for various ailments such as rheumatism, fever, leprosy, epilepsy etc. The leaves of Erythrina stricta was extracted with ethanol (70%) and used for the evaluation of various in vitro antioxidant assays which includes H - donor activity, nitric oxide scavenging, superoxide anion scavenging, reducing ability, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total antioxidant activity by thiocyanate and phosphomolybdenum method, metal chelating, β-carotene bleaching, total peroxy radical assays. The pro-oxidant activity was measured using bleomycin-dependent DNA damage. Ex vivo models like lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte haemolysis were also used to study the antioxidant property of the extract. The various antioxidant activities were compared with suitable standard antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyl toluene, α-tocopherol, curcumin, quercetin and Trolox. The generation of free radicals viz. O2 · -, OH·, H2O2, NO· and peroxyl radicals were effectively scavenged by the ethanolic extract of Erythrina stricta. In all the methods, the extract offered strong antioxidant activity in a concentration dependent manner. The total phenolic content, flavonoid content and total antioxidant activity in Erythrina stricta were determined as microgram (g) pyrocatechol, quercetin and α-tocopherol equivalent/mg respectively. The extract did not exhibit any prooxidant activity when compared with ascorbic acid. The results obtained in the present study clearly indicates that Erythrina stricta scavenges free radicals and reduces lipid peroxidation, ameliorating the damage imposed by oxidat Erythrina stricta, a deciduous tree widely used traditionally in indigenous system of medicine for various ailments such as rheumatism, fever, leprosy, epilepsy etc. The leaves of Erythrina stricta was extracted with ethanol (70%) and used for the evaluation of various in vitro antioxidant assays which includes H - donor activity, nitric oxide scavenging, superoxide anion scavenging, reducing ability, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total antioxidant activity by thiocyanate and phosphomolybdenum method, metal chelating, β-carotene bleaching, total peroxy radical assays. The pro-oxidant activity was measured using bleomycin-dependent DNA damage. Ex vivo models like lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte haemolysis were also used to study the antioxidant property of the extract. The various antioxidant activities were compared with suitable standard antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyl toluene, α-tocopherol, curcumin, quercetin and Trolox. The generation of free radicals viz. O2 · -, OH·, H2O2, NO· and peroxyl radicals were effectively scavenged by the ethanolic extract of Erythrina stricta. In all the methods, the extract offered strong antioxidant activity in a concentration dependent manner. The total phenolic content, flavonoid content and total antioxidant activity in Erythrina stricta were determined as microgram (g) pyrocatechol, quercetin and α-tocopherol equivalent/mg respectively. The extract did not exhibit any prooxidant activity when compared with ascorbic acid. The results obtained in the present study clearly indicates that Erythrina stricta scavenges free radicals and reduces lipid peroxidation, ameliorating the damage imposed by oxidat

Discovery of potential aldose reductase inhibitors using in silico docking studies

Madeswaran, Arumugam,Umamaheswari, Muthuswamy,Asokkumar, Kuppusamy,Sivashanmugam, Thirumalaisamy,Subhadradevi, Varadharajan,Jagannath, Puliyath 경희한의학연구센터 2012 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.12 No.2

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the aldose reductase inhibitory activity of flavonoids using in silico docking studies. In this perspective, flavonoids like Apigenin, Baicalin, Daidzein, Epigallocatechin, Galangin, Genistein, Hesperitin, Naringenin, and Scopoletin were selected. Epalrestat, a known aldose reductase inhibitor was used as the standard. In silico docking studies were carried out using AutoDock 4.2, based on the Lamarckian genetic algorithm principle. In the docking studies, three important parameters like binding energy, inhibition constant and intermolecular energy were determined. The results showed that all the selected flavonoids showed binding energy ranging between -9.91 kcal/mol to -7.52 kcal/mol when compared with that of the standard (-8.73 kcal/mol). Intermolecular energy (-11.40 kcal/mol to -8.71 kcal/mol) and inhibition constant (54.78 nM to $3.10{\mu}M$) of the flavonoids also coincide with the binding energy. All the selected flavonoids contributed aldose reductase inhibitory activity because of its functional groups. These molecular docking analyses could lead to the further development of potent aldose reductase inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes.

In silico docking studies of phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity of commercially available flavonoids

Madeswaran, Arumugam,Umamaheswari, Muthuswamy,Asokkumar, Kuppusamy,Sivashanmugam, Thirumalaisamy,Subhadradevi, Varadharajan,Jagannath, Puliyath 경희한의학연구센터 2012 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.12 No.4

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity of flavonoids using in silico docking studies. In this perspective, flavonoids like Apigenin, Baicalin, Chrysin, Genistein, Scopoletin and Caffeine were selected. Caffeine, a known phosphodiesterase inhibitor was used as the standard. In silico docking studies were carried out using AutoDock 4.2, based on the Lamarckian genetic algorithm principle. In the docking studies, three important parameters like binding energy, inhibition constant and intermolecular energy were determined. The results showed that all the selected flavonoids showed binding energy ranging between -7.59 kcal/mol to -5.66 kcal/mol when compared with that of the standard (-4.77 kcal/mol). Inhibition constant (2.72 ${\mu}M$ to 71.03 ${\mu}M$) and intermolecular energy (-8.49 kcal/mol to -6.26 kcal/mol) of the flavonoids were coincide with the binding energy. All the selected flavonoids contributed phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity because of its functional groups. These molecular docking analyses could lead to the further development of potent phosphodiesterase inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.

The Anticancer Role of Capsaicin in Experimentallyinduced Lung Carcinogenesis

Pandi Anandakumar,Sattu Kamaraj,Sundaram Jagan,Gopalakrishnan Ramakrishnan,Selvamani Asokkumar,Chandrashekar Naveenkumar,Subramanian Raghunandhakumar,Manickam Kalappan Vanitha,Thiruvengadam Devaki 대한약침학회 2015 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.18 No.2

Objectives: Capsaicin (CAP) is the chief pungent principle found in the hot red peppers and the chili peppers that have long been used as spices, food additives and drugs. This study investigated the anticancer potential of CAP through its ability to modify extracellular matrix components and proteases during mice lung carcinogenesis. Methods: Swiss albino mice were treated with benzo(a) pyrene (50 mg/kg body weight dissolved in olive oil) orally twice a week for four successive weeks to induce lung cancer at the end of 14th week. CAP was administrated (10 mg/kg body weight dissolved in olive oil) intraperitoneally. Extracellular matrix components were assayed; Masson’s trichome staining of lung tissues was performed. Western blot analyses of matrix metalloproteases 2 and 9 were also carried out. Results: In comparison with the control animals, animals in which benzo(a)pyrene had induced lung cancer showed significant increases in extracellular matrix components such as collagen (hydroxy proline), elastin, uronic acid and hexosamine and in glycosaminoglycans such as hyaluronate, chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate and dermatan sulfate. The above alterations in extracellular matrix components were effectively counteracted in benzo(a)pyrene along with CAP supplemented animals when compared to benzo(a) pyrene alone supplemented animals. The results of Masson’s trichome staining for collagen and of, immunoblotting analyses of matrix metalloproteases 2 and 9 further supported the biochemical findings. Conclusion: The apparent potential of CAP in modulating extracellular matrix components and proteases suggests that CAP plays a chemomodulatory and anti- cancer role working against experimentally induced lung carcinogenesis.

The Anticancer Role of Capsaicin in Experimentally-induced Lung Carcinogenesis

Anandakumar, Pandi,Kamaraj, Sattu,Jagan, Sundaram,Ramakrishnan, Gopalakrishnan,Asokkumar, Selvamani,Naveenkumar, Chandrashekar,Raghunandhakumar, Subramanian,Vanitha, Manickam Kalappan,Devaki, Thiruven KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2015 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.18 No.2

Objectives: Capsaicin (CAP) is the chief pungent principle found in the hot red peppers and the chili peppers that have long been used as spices, food additives and drugs. This study investigated the anticancer potential of CAP through its ability to modify extracellular matrix components and proteases during mice lung carcinogenesis. Methods: Swiss albino mice were treated with benzo(a) pyrene (50 mg/kg body weight dissolved in olive oil) orally twice a week for four successive weeks to induce lung cancer at the end of $14^{th}$ week. CAP was administrated (10 mg/kg body weight dissolved in olive oil) intraperitoneally. Extracellular matrix components were assayed; Masson's trichome staining of lung tissues was performed. Western blot analyses of matrix metalloproteases 2 and 9 were also carried out. Results: In comparison with the control animals, animals in which benzo(a)pyrene had induced lung cancer showed significant increases in extracellular matrix components such as collagen (hydroxy proline), elastin, uronic acid and hexosamine and in glycosaminoglycans such as hyaluronate, chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate and dermatan sulfate. The above alterations in extracellular matrix components were effectively counteracted in benzo(a)pyrene along with CAP supplemented animals when compared to benzo(a) pyrene alone supplemented animals. The results of Masson's trichome staining for collagen and of, immunoblotting analyses of matrix metalloproteases 2 and 9 further supported the biochemical findings. Conclusion: The apparent potential of CAP in modulating extracellular matrix components and proteases suggests that CAP plays a chemomodulatory and anti-cancer role working against experimentally induced lung carcinogenesis.