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A Clustering Protocol with Mode Selection for Wireless Sensor Network
Kusdaryono, Aries,Lee, Kyung-Oh Korea Information Processing Society 2011 Journal of information processing systems Vol.7 No.1
Wireless sensor networks are composed of a large number of sensor nodes with limited energy resources. One critical issue in wireless sensor networks is how to gather sensed information in an energy efficient way, since their energy is limited. The clustering algorithm is a technique used to reduce energy consumption. It can improve the scalability and lifetime of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we introduce a clustering protocol with mode selection (CPMS) for wireless sensor networks. Our scheme improves the performance of BCDCP (Base Station Controlled Dynamic Clustering Protocol) and BIDRP (Base Station Initiated Dynamic Routing Protocol) routing protocol. In CPMS, the base station constructs clusters and makes the head node with the highest residual energy send data to the base station. Furthermore, we can save the energy of head nodes by using the modes selection method. The simulation results show that CPMS achieves longer lifetime and more data message transmissions than current important clustering protocols in wireless sensor networks.
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아리스쿠스다요노 ( Aries Kusdaryono ),이영한 ( Lee Young Han ),이영오 ( Lee Kyoung Oh ) 한국정보처리학회 2010 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.17 No.2
무선 센서 네트워크는 제한된 에너지 자원을 갖는 많은 수의 센서 노드로 구성되어 있다. 제약된 에너지로 인해 정보를 효율적으로 수집하는 것은 무선 센서 네트워크의 중요한 문제이며 클러스터링 알고리즘 기술이 에너지 소비를 줄이기 위해 사용된다. 이러한 기법은 무선 네트워크의 확장성 및 수명을 향상시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 무선 센서 네트워크를 위한 CPMS 클러스터링 프로토콜을 제안한다. CPMS 는 BCDCP(Base Station Controlled Dynamic Clustering Protocol) 나 BIDRP(Base Station Initiated Dynamic Routing Protocol)에 비해 우수한 성능을 보인다. CPMS 는 클러스터를 구성하고 잔존 에너지 비율이 높은 헤드 노드가 BS(BaseStation)로 데이터를 전송하게 한다. 또한 이 기법은 모드 선택 기법을 통하여 헤드 노드의 에너지를 절약할 수 있다. 시뮬레이션 결과 CPMS 는 현재의 클러스터링 기법보다 생존시간 및 메시지 전송량에서 우수한 성능을 보여준다. Wireless sensor networks are composed of a large number of sensor nodes with limited energy resources. One critical issue in wireless sensor networks is how to gather sensed information in an energy efficient way since the energy is limited. The clustering algorithm is a technique used to reduce energy consumption. It can improve the scalability and lifetime of wireless sensor network. In this paper, we introduce a clustering protocol with mode selection (CPMS) for wireless sensor networks. Our scheme improves the performance of BCDCP (Base Station Controlled Dynamic Clustering Protocol) and BIDRP (Base Station Initiated Dynamic Routing Protocol) routing protocol. In CPMS, the base station constructs clusters and makes the head node with highest residual energy send data to base station. Furthermore, we can save the energy of head nodes using modes selection method. The simulation results show that CPMS achieves longer lifetime and more data messages transmissions than current important clustering protocol in wireless sensor networks.
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WSN 에서 베이스스테이션을 이용한 계층적 라우팅 프로토콜 최적화
아리스쿠스다요노 ( Aries Kusdaryono ),이경오 ( Lee Kyoung Oh ) 한국정보처리학회 2011 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.18 No.1
센서노드의 에너지를 절약하는 것은 네트워크 수명을 늘리기 위해 필요하다. 센서의 에너지는 파워를 교체할 수 없기 때문에 매우 중요하다. 에너지를 절약함으로써 네트워크의 자원을 절약하고 더 오랫동안 사용할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 베이스 스테이션을 활용하여 라우팅 프로토콜을 최적화하기 위한 프로토콜인 BSAH 를 제안하였다. BSAH 는 BeamStar 처럼 베이스스테이션이 안테나의 방향을 고려하여 센서를 나눈다. BSAG 는 PEGASIS 나 CHIRON 보다 25%에서 30% 정도 우수한 성능을 보였다. Preserving energy of sensor node in wireless sensor network is an effort to prolong the lifetime of network. Energy of sensor node is very crucial because battery powered and irreplaceable. Energy conservation of sensor node is an effort to reduce energy consumption in order to preserve resource for network lifetime. It can be achieved through efficient energy usage by reducing consumption of energy or decrease energy usage while achieving a similar outcome. In this paper, we propose optimization of energy efficient base station assisted hierarchical routing protocol in wireless sensor network, named BSAH, which use base station to controlled overhead of sensor node and create clustering to distribute energy dissipation and increase energy efficiency of all sensor node. Main idea of BSAH is based on the concept of BeamStar, which divide sensor node into group by base station uses directional antenna and maximize the computation energy in base station to reduce computational energy in sensor node for conservation of network lifetime. The performance of BSAH compared to PEGASIS and CHIRON based of hierarchical routing protocol. The simulation results show that BSAH achieve 25% and 30% of improvement on network lifetime.
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Nurulita, Nunuk Aries,Meiyanto, Edy,Sugiyanto, Sugiyanto,Matsuda, Eishou,Kawaichi, Masashi 경희한의학연구센터 2012 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.12 No.3
Recent studies both in vitro and in vivo of G. procumbens exhibits chemopreventive properties for tumor inhibition on several types of cancer. Our study was carried out to observe the anticancer property of ethyl acetate fraction of G. procumbens leaves (FEG) on breast cancer cells as well as the co-chemotherapeutic potential, and to investigate its molecular mechanisms. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to measure the growth inhibitory effect of FEG, doxorubicin (DOX), and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and their combination. Flowcytometry, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, and immunobloting were used to explore the mechanism of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. FEG inhibited cell proliferation, induced G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. The inhibitory effect of FEG was enhanced when combined with Dox and 5-FU. The apoptosis induction was related to the increase of c-PARP expression after combination treatment of FEG and Dox or 5-FU onMCF-7 cells. However, treatment of DOX, 5-FU, and FEG on T47D cells, resulting no significance DNA fragmentation and nuclei condensation evidance. Only combination treatment of 5-FU+FEG showed c-PARP expression in T47D cells. In T47D cells, The FEG treatment also caused the decrease of microtubule expression as shown by Western blotting assay. The decreasing level of microtubul expression might be caused by protein aggregation, as shown by immunostaning using ${\alpha}$-tubulin antibody. All these results suggest that FEG potentiates the DOX and 5-FU efficacy on MCF-7 and T47D cells. FEG induces T47D cell death through different mechanism than MCF-7 that proposed to be mitotic catastrophe. The FEG may have specific targeted on microtubule integrity modulation leading to the cell cycle arrest and proliferation inhibition. Further FEG could be developed as a co-chemotherapeutic agent for reducing side effect and have specific molecular target for breast cancer.
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Strong Fans, Weak Campaigns: Social Media and Duterte in the 2016 Philippine Election
Aim Sinpeng,Dimitar Gueorguiev,Aries A. Arugay 동아시아연구원 2020 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.20 No.3
The 2016 presidential contest is widely considered as the first “social media election” in the Philippines. At the same time, it remains unclear if or how social media helped Rodrigo Duterte mobilize voters to gain victory. There are three main social media campaigning models: broadcast, grassroots, and self-actualizing. Analysis of twenty million activities and 39,942 randomly sampled comments across the official Facebook pages of key presidential candidates supports the grassroots model as Duterte’s profile was the most engaged, even if Duterte himself was not actively engaged. Such inconsistencies raise the prospect that Duterte’s online prominance was fabricated by paid trolls and fake accounts. Instead, our analysis suggests that Duterte’s digital fanbase was, at least in part, a reflection of offline, grassroots political support. In particular, data from an original survey of 621 respondents suggests that Duterte supporters were not only aggressive in their support for Duterte online, they were also more committed to him offline as well. These findings add to a growing literature on social media and politics that seeks to understand the broader ecosystem of online political discourse, rather than focusing on the actions and strategies of political campaigns. They also underscore the fine line between fabricated support and genuine political fervor.
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Aileen S. P. Baviera,Aries A. Arugay 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2021 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.45 No.2
The Philippines’ engagement with the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a case of within-country variation as it shifted from passivity to warm reception from 2016 to the present day. Under the Duterte administration, the BRI became one of the focal points of cordial relations with China, despite ongoing territorial disputes with China in the South China Sea, low public opinion of China, and the Philippines’ security partnerships with the major powers defending the current international order. This article examines how the Aquino and Duterte administrations perceived the Philippines’ power asymmetry with China in its engagement with BRI. While this power asymmetry has been maintained, if not increased over the years, Duterte’s positive stance can be explained by how the BRI projects can possibly help consolidate the authority and legitimacy of the populist leader. The essay assesses the benefits and risks of the Philippines’ engagement with the BRI, considering Duterte’s massive infrastructure program, the structural limitations of the Philippine government and its foreign policy positions with respect to China and the other powers in the region. In conclusion, the article analyzes the future prospects of BRI projects in the Philippines, given the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in big-power relations.
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Liu, Xiuyun,Donnelly, Joseph,Czosnyka, Marek,Aries, Marcel J. H.,Brady, Ken,Cardim, Danilo,Robba, Chiara,Cabeleira, Manuel,Kim, Dong-Joo,Haubrich, Christina,Hutchinson, Peter J.,Smielewski, Peter Public Library of Science 2017 PLoS medicine Vol.14 No.7
<▼1><P><B>Background</B></P><P>After traumatic brain injury (TBI), the ability of cerebral vessels to appropriately react to changes in arterial blood pressure (pressure reactivity) is impaired, leaving patients vulnerable to cerebral hypo- or hyperperfusion. Although, the traditional pressure reactivity index (PRx) has demonstrated that impaired pressure reactivity is associated with poor patient outcome, PRx is sometimes erratic and may not be reliable in various clinical circumstances. Here, we introduce a more robust transform-based wavelet pressure reactivity index (wPRx) and compare its performance with the widely used traditional PRx across 3 areas: its stability and reliability in time, its ability to give an optimal cerebral perfusion pressure (CPPopt) recommendation, and its relationship with patient outcome.</P><P><B>Methods and findings</B></P><P>Five hundred and fifteen patients with TBI admitted in Addenbrooke’s Hospital, United Kingdom (March 23rd, 2003 through December 9th, 2014), with continuous monitoring of arterial blood pressure (ABP) and intracranial pressure (ICP), were retrospectively analyzed to calculate the traditional PRx and a novel wavelet transform-based wPRx. wPRx was calculated by taking the cosine of the wavelet transform phase-shift between ABP and ICP. A time trend of CPPopt was calculated using an automated curve-fitting method that determined the cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) at which the pressure reactivity (PRx or wPRx) was most efficient (CPPopt_PRx and CPPopt_wPRx, respectively).</P><P>There was a significantly positive relationship between PRx and wPRx (r = 0.73), and wavelet wPRx was more reliable in time (ratio of between-hour variance to total variance, wPRx 0.957 ± 0.0032 versus PRx and 0.949 ± 0.047 for PRx, <I>p</I> = 0.002). The 2-hour interval standard deviation of wPRx (0.19 ± 0.07) was smaller than that of PRx (0.30 ± 0.13, <I>p</I> < 0.001). wPRx performed better in distinguishing between mortality and survival (the area under the receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve [AUROC] for wPRx was 0.73 versus 0.66 for PRx, <I>p</I> = 0.003). The mean difference between the patients’ CPP and their CPPopt was related to outcome for both calculation methods. There was a good relationship between the 2 CPPopts (r = 0.814, <I>p</I> < 0.001). CPPopt_wPRx was more stable than CPPopt_PRx (within patient standard deviation 7.05 ± 3.78 versus 8.45 ± 2.90; <I>p</I> < 0.001).</P><P>Key limitations include that this study is a retrospective analysis and only compared wPRx with PRx in the cohort of patients with TBI. Prior prospective validation is required to better assess clinical utility of this approach.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>wPRx offers several advantages to the traditional PRx: it is more stable in time, it yields a more consistent CPPopt recommendation, and, importantly, it has a stronger relationship with patient outcome. The clinical utility of wPRx should be explored in prospective studies of critically injured neurological patients.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Using continuous monitoring data in traumatic brain inury patients, Xiuyun Liu and colleagues compare the performance of cerebrovascular pressure reactivity monitoring using wavelet analysis to the pressure reactivity index.</P></▼2><▼3><P><B>Author summary</B></P><P><B>Why was this study done?</B></P><P>The brain is vulnerable to damage from too little (ischemia) or too much (hyperemia) blood flow following traumatic brain injury (TBI).</P><P>A physiological mechanism called cerebral autoregulation (CA) exists to maintain stable blood flow even if cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is changing, and an assessment of CA as part of bedside neuro-monitoring of patients with TBI could facilitate individualized treatment.</P><P>A robust method for assessing CA in TBI is not yet available. The traditional measure used, the pressure reactivity index (PRx), provides inherently noisy estimates and
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