북아일랜드 분쟁 서사의 여성적 재현 : 영화 <사일런트 그레이스>

안아람 ( Ahn¸ A-ram ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2020 영어권문화연구 Vol.13 No.3

This paper aims to introduce female republican inmates who were detained at Armagh Women’s Prison during the period of the Troubles in Silent Grace. They undertook an extraordinary forms of protests against the prison authorities during the 1980s, Known as “Dirty Strike” and “Hunger Strike”. These two protests, the most frequently featured in films that reproduced “the Troubles”, have been mainly focused on masculine experiences. Women, on the other hand, have been built solely on secondary characters such as wives, mothers and girlfriends in Northern Ireland's film dealing with political struggles. In this trend, Silent Grace focuses on the historical fact that the inmates in Armagh used their bodies as a tool for political protests. This film attracts women to the center of the narrative, and another notable point is that republican women acted in a way that is totally out of line with model Irish Women. In this way, Irish traditional gender role of women is juxtaposed with the ‘culture’ of women’s resistance. Through this, Silent Grace calls for us to witness the historical presence and resistance of republican women who were excluded and silenced in the real Irish history.

학교에서 거리로, 도시에서 농촌으로:1960~70년대 이념서클의 학생운동-연세대 한국문제연구회를 중심으로-

김아람 ( Kim¸ A Ram ) 연세사학연구회 2021 學林 Vol.48 No.-

연세대 한국문제연구회는 1960년대에 한일협정 반대, 삼선개헌 반대 투쟁을 하는데 주도적인 역할을 한 이념서클이었다. 한연회는 출발 당시부터 총학생회에 참여하였고, 이후에도 운동의 중심이 되어 총학생회를 선도하거나 비판하기도 했다. 타 대학과의 연대 활동에서도 주축이 되었다. 1971년 위수령으로 한연회가 강제해산되었지만 출신 멤버는 민청학련 사건으로 구속되었고, 후신 조직인 민족문화연구회는 1975년 시위를 이끌었다. 연세대의 사례로 보면, 1970년대에 이념서클 출신 멤버와 후신 조직이 활발하게 반유신 투쟁에 참여하여 1960년대와의 연속성을 보여준다. 이 흐름은 대학생이 정권의 억압에 지속적으로 저항하고 헌신했던 과정이기도 했다. 또한 이념서클은 대학생의 일상 문화를 공유하는 장이자 농촌활동으로 학생운동을 주도하는 주체였다. 한연회는 농활을 학생운동으로 인식하고 농촌의 현실을 분석하여 가능한 역할을 모색하고 있었다. 도시 대학생들의 단기간의 경험이 농촌문제를 파악하고 연대한다는 것에 분명한 한계가 있었을 것이다. 농촌이 도시 시위에 지친 학생들의 ‘피신처’였을지도 모른다는 비판도 있다. 하지만 이념서클의 ‘학생운동’은 당대 대학생의 입장에서 다각도에서 그 의미를 찾을 수 있고, 농활은 도시-농촌 문제를 환기하고 자기 비판을 할 수 있는 계기를 마련하는 것이었다. Yonsei University’s Korean Studies Association was an ideological group that played a leading role in the struggle against the Korea-Japan Agreement and the three-way amendment in the 1960s. The KSA participated in the student council from beginning, and later became the center of the movement, leading or opposing the student council. It also played a major role in solidarity activities with other universities. In 1971, the KSA was forcibly disbanded by the Garrison decree. Its members were arrested in the Mincheonghakryeon, and the National Culture Research Association, a successor organization, led the protests in 1975. In the case of Yonsei University, members from ideological groups and posterior organizations actively participated in the anti-Yushin Regime struggles of the 1970s, showing continuity with the 1960s. This trend was part of a process in which college students continued to resist and devote themselves to fighting the oppression of the regime. In addition, the ideological group was a place to share the daily culture of college students and led the student movements through rural activities. The KSA recognized agricultural activity as an element of the student movements and sought a possible role by analyzing the reality of rural areas. There must have been a clear limitation, in that urban college students’ short-term experience identified and solidified rural problems. There is also criticism that rural areas may have been a “place of refuge” for students tired of urban protests. However, the “student movement” of the ideological groups sought to find its meaning from the perspective of college students at the time from various angles and agricultural activity was to evoke urban-rural problems and to provide an opportunity to practice self-reflection.

Identification of a Novel Splice Variant (c.423-8A>G) of APC by RNA Sequencing

Aram Kim,Hyun-Ki Kim,Sunyoung Ahn,Yong Sang Hong,Seok-Byung Lim,Jeong-Sik Byeon,Sail Chun,Won-Ki Min,Woochang Lee 대한진단검사의학회 2020 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.40 No.4

Dynamics of ARF regulation that control senescence and cancer

( Aram Ko ),( Su Yeon Han ),( Jaewhan Song ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2016 BMB Reports Vol.49 No.11

ARF is an alternative reading frame product of the INK4a/ARF locus, inactivated in numerous human cancers. ARF is a key regulator of cellular senescence, an irreversible cell growth arrest that suppresses tumor cell growth. It functions by sequestering MDM2 (a p53 E3 ligase) in the nucleolus, thus activating p53. Besides MDM2, ARF has numerous other interacting partners that induce either cellular senescence or apoptosis in a p53-independent manner. This further complicates the dynamics of the ARF network. Expression of ARF is frequently disrupted in human cancers, mainly due to epigenetic and transcriptional regulation. Vigorous studies on various transcription factors that either positively or negatively regulate ARF transcription have been carried out. However, recent focus on posttranslational modifications, particularly ubiquitination, indicates wider dynamic controls of ARF than previously known. In this review, we discuss the role and dynamic regulation of ARF in senescence and cancer. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(11): 598-606]

Sputum processing method for rapid diagnosis of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)

( Aram Kang ),( Woonsung Na ),( Minjoo Yeom ),( Hyekwon Kim ),( Sun-woo Yoon ),( Heejun Yook ),( Dae-gwin Jeong ),( Daesub Song ) 대한인수공통전염병학회 2017 창립총회 및 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2017 No.1

Introduction: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), a member of the family of betacoronavirus, was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012. MERS-CoV has ability to cross the host species from camel to human causing severe acute respiratory illnesses, and spread by contact in human population. For diagnosis of MERS-CoV in camels, the immunochromatographic assay (ICA) has been used due to its rapid decision and prompt triage of infected animal for the early quarantine. However, when the ICA is applied to an expectorated sputum in which antigens are present, the viscosity of sputum interferes with the migration of the antigens on the test strip. To overcome this limitation, it is necessary to use a mucolytic agent without affecting the antigens. In this study, we have developed a sputum pre-treatment method by testing specimens of the sputa spiked with alphacorona virus and MERS-CoV. Methods: Two mucolytic agents were used: Tris(2-carboxyethyl) Phosphine (TCEP) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NALC) and prepared at various concentration to treat with sputum. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a blocking agent and protease inhibitor cocktail (PI) was used to inhibit the cleavage of the antigens. After treating the compound to sputum, the mixture was applied to colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic test strip for rapid detection of MERS-CoV or alpha coronavirus (BIONOTE Inc., South Korea). The intensities of colloidal gold were measured by MEDISENSOR Gold reader (SD BIOSENSOR Ltd., South Korea). Results: Intensity of test line was higher when the sputa spiked with alpha coronavirus was processed with TCEP, BSA and PI than with TCEP alone. In the case of the sputa spiked with inactivated MERS-CoV, mixture of TCEP and BSA presented higher intensities, while it decreased in the addition of PI. This was reproduced when compound of NALC and BSA was treated to the specimens. Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrated that mixture of the mucolytics, blocking agent and protease inhibitor together effectively dissolve the viscosity of sputum minimizing the effect on antigens, which is more suitable for use in flow immunochromatographic test kit than when sputum or mucolytics alone were used.

Magnetic Properties of Carbon-Coated Ni Nanoparticles Prepared by Solid-Phase Pyrolysis of Nickel-Phthalocyanine

Aram Manukyan,Armen Mirzakhanyan,Laszlo Sajti,Ruben Khachaturyan,Egor Kaniukov,Leonid Lobanovsky,Eduard Sharoyan 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2015 NANO Vol.10 No.6

Carbon-coated nickel nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 40 nm were synthesized via solid-phase pyrolysis of nickel-phthalocyanine. The composition structure and morphology of samples were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Magnetic characteristics of samples were measured with a vibrational magnetometer and a magnetic resonance spectrometer. The main mass of Ni ferromagnetic nanoparticles have a single-domain and a vortex (pseudo-single domain) structures. We also revealed superparamagnetic Ni nanoparticles (several percent) and carbon paramagnetic centers caused by defects in the carbon matrix. We determined the main magnetic characteristics of Ni nanoparticles, their temperature and field dependences as well as the parameters of ferromagnetic resonance spectra.

Identification and Expression Patterns of kif3bz during the Zebrafish Embryonic Development

Aram Lee,이명철 한국통합생물학회 2009 Animal cells and systems Vol.13 No.4

We are reporting the identification, expression patterns, and possible biological functions of zebrafish kif3b (kif3bz) encoding 475 amino acids. Kif3Bz contains the kinesin motor domain, catalytic domain, KISc domain, and one single coiled coil domain. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that kif3bz is a highly conserved gene among the tested vertebrates. First of all, both maternal and zygotic messages of kif3bz were evenly distributed in the blastomeres at 2-cell stage. Its ubiquitous expression throughout the blastomeres continued till 40% epiboly. However, kif3bz transcripts became restricted in Kupffer’s vesicle at tailbud and 6- somite stages. At 13-somite stage, kif3bz expression pattern became specific to the telencephalon, diencephalon, trigeminal placode, and somites. Such expression patterns were further intensified in the telencephalon, diencephalons, hind brain, pronephric ducts, optic vesicles, and spinal cord neurons in the 23-somite stage embryos, and last till 24 hpf. We discussed possible functions of Kif3Bz related to the vertebrate embryonic development. We are reporting the identification, expression patterns, and possible biological functions of zebrafish kif3b (kif3bz) encoding 475 amino acids. Kif3Bz contains the kinesin motor domain, catalytic domain, KISc domain, and one single coiled coil domain. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that kif3bz is a highly conserved gene among the tested vertebrates. First of all, both maternal and zygotic messages of kif3bz were evenly distributed in the blastomeres at 2-cell stage. Its ubiquitous expression throughout the blastomeres continued till 40% epiboly. However, kif3bz transcripts became restricted in Kupffer’s vesicle at tailbud and 6- somite stages. At 13-somite stage, kif3bz expression pattern became specific to the telencephalon, diencephalon, trigeminal placode, and somites. Such expression patterns were further intensified in the telencephalon, diencephalons, hind brain, pronephric ducts, optic vesicles, and spinal cord neurons in the 23-somite stage embryos, and last till 24 hpf. We discussed possible functions of Kif3Bz related to the vertebrate embryonic development.

Rumble of the Future

Aram Armstrong(아람암스트롱),Haiyan Zhang(해이안장) 아트센터나비미술관 2005 아트센터나비 국제학술강연회 Vol.2005 No.10

Mouse adaptation of recombinant canine influenza increase pathogenicity H3N2 virus in mice

( Aram Kang ),( Woonsung Na ),( Minjoo Yeom ),( Daesub Song ) 대한인수공통전염병학회 2019 창립총회 및 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2019 No.1

Introduction: Canine H3N2 influenza virus (CIV H3N2) of avian-origin was first isolated and found to induce acute respiratory disease in South Korea dogs in 2007. The virulence of a novel CIV H3N2 recombinant, VC378, which was CIV H3N2 recombinant derived from pandemic (pdm) H1N1 and CIV H3N2 in companion animals was demonstrated in mice. That was notable because mice inoculated with an equivalent dose of classical CIV H3N2 were shown low or no-pathogenic. However, our experiment showed that the inoculation of VC378 CIV in mice still showed a low pathogenic. We evaluated the pathogenic potential that are possibly associated with the adaptation of CIV H3N2 and VC378 virus to mice. Materials and methods: The recombinant CIV strain A/canine/Korea/01-VC378/2012 (H3N2), and the CIV H3N2 A/Canine/Korea/01/2007 (H3N2) were used. C57/BL6 mice (10 weeks old) were inoculated intranasally with virus and mouse-adaptation was performed through 10 lung-to-lung passages. The 10th passaged viruses were grown in the allantoic cavity of 11-day-old embryonated chicken eggs. The 50% mouse lethal dose (MLD50) was measured using groups of C57/BL6 mice (10 weeks old). The MLD50 values were calculated by the Reed and Muench (1938) method after a 14-day observation period and are expressed as EID50. Results: The parental CIV H3N2 virus MLD50 was >7.5 log10 EID50, whereas the MLD50 of the CIV H3N2 mouse-adapted virus was 5.5 log10 EID50. The VC378 virus MLD50 (8.26 log10 EID50) also reduced compared to the parental VC378 virus MLD50 (5 log10 EID50). The MLD50 of the mouse-adapted viruses were reduced 100-2000fold when compared to the parental virus. Conclusion: We confirmed that no or low pathogenicity of canine influenza virus H3N2 become highly pathogenicity after serial passage infection in the mice model.

Risk Factors to Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Functional Dyspepsia, and Irritable Bowel Syndrome in University Students

Aram Lee,Hyo Kyung Kim,Hyunjung Kim 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

Aims: Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD), functional dyspepsia(FD), and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) are common gastrointestinal disorders, and their prevalence is particularly high in young adults. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors of GERD, FD, and IBS in university students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2021 at three universities in Chuncheon, South Korea. A total of 620 university students were requested to compete a self-administrated questionnaire. Date on 493 students were included in the analysis. The latest version, ROME IV criteria for FD, IBS, and Korean-GERD questionnaire for GERD were used to define each disease. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of GERD, FD, and IBS was 18.5%, 7.5%, and 6.5% in university students. The prevalence of overlapping two or more condition was present in 5.1%. The overlap of GERD-FD 2.6%, IBSFD 2.0%, GERD-IBS 1.6%, and all three were found to be 0.6%. In multivariate analysis, school year (4th) (odds ratio [OR]=2.37, 95% CI=0.239~0.747), current disease (OR=2.827, 95% CI=1.355~5.897), very irregular meals (OR=3.111, 95% CI=1.186~8.157), overeating more than 5 times a week (OR=3.370, 95% CI=1.186~9.577), academic stress (OR=1.013, 95% CI=1.022~1.024), depression (OR=1.083, 95% CI=1.026~1.144) were found to be risk factors for GERD, FD, IBS. Conclusions: GERD, FD, and IBS were common in university students of South Korea. Our findings indicate that a comprehensive management program focusing on eating habits and psychological factors such as stress and depression should be developed to reduce the prevalence of GERD, FD, and IBS in university students.