An Overview on Taxol Production Technology and Its Applications as Anticancer Agent

Aparajita Sharma,BHATIA SHASHI KANT,Aditya Banyal,Ishita Chanana,Anil Kumar,Duni Chand,Saurabh Kulshrestha,Pradeep Kumar 한국생물공학회 2022 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.27 No.5

Cancer is undeniably a major health risk factor that is growing rapidly globally despite promising medicinal and pharmaceutical development. Treatment of cancer remains an issue due to financial constrains in most of the developing countries. The majority of todayʼs medicines are derived from medicinal plants, as we all know. Taxol is such a plant-based chemotherapeutic agent which has blown the anticancer research field. The extinction of Taxus spp., which is the main natural source of taxol synthesis, required the development of novel alternative approaches in the oncology field. Many novel discoveries have been in trend in which endophytic microbial fermentation process is more focused as this area is cost-efficacious, less time consumable, and eco-friendly. Endophytes are one of another alternative approach for the taxol production, preserving the natural resources of Taxus plants worldwide. Endophytic microorganisms can be exploited in the taxol industry because most of the endophytic microbes have yet to be explored for the eco-friendly and economical production of this wonder drug. The aim of this review article is to cover everything from the discovery of taxol through the development of new natural resource-based biotechnology techniques. Furthermore, the current review has emphasised the use of taxol in fields other than anti-cancer properties, as well as pointing to some future opportunities.

Evaluation of Genetic Differentiation of Albizia lucida Populations from Eastern Region of the Indian Sub-continent by ISSR Markers

Aparajita, Subhashree,Rout, G.R. Institute of Forest Science 2008 Journal of Forest Science Vol.24 No.1

Level and distribution of genetic diversity in seven populations of Albizia lucida Benth. in eastern region of the Indian sub-continent were estimated using ISSR markers. Relatively higher level of genetic diversity within populations was observed in seven populations of A. lucida (mean of 0.38). From the result of AMOVA, majority of genetic diversity was allocated within populations (96.2%) resulting in a moderate degree of population differentiation. The observed distribution pattern of I-SSR variant among the populations was coincided with the typical pattern of long-lived woody tree species. Genetic relationships among the populations, reconstructed by UPGMA method, revealed two genetic groups. The population of Anugul and Bargarh turned out to be the most closely related despite a distance location between them. These formations will be of great value in the development of conservation plans for species exhibiting high levels of genetic differentiation due to fragmentation, such as indication of conservation unit size, which populations should be chosen as priority in conservation plans and which samples should be introduced in areas with a low number of individuals of A. lucida.

Early Indian Enterprise and Indian settlement in East Africa

Aparajita Biswas 전남대학교 글로벌디아스포라연구소 2012 전남대학교 세계한상문화연구단 국제학술회의 Vol.2012 No.11

People of ancient India were known to be enterprising, looking for trade routes across the ocean in the quest to find lucrative markets for their merchandise. They set sail across the Arabian Sea to the west and Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean in the east, to new countries. In the process, they played an influential role in the history of the countries with whom they came in touch. Records show that India’s trade across the seas began much before the Christian era, with ships setting sail with Indian merchandise to the lands in the west and north of the Arabian Sea. These lands included Persia, Egypt and the East African coastal region. Even ancient Indian religious texts and writings in Sanskrit and Pali mention such trade contacts. These are also corroborated by accounts of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia and Babylon. W. H. Schoff, an eminent historian, wrote, “The sea trade was principally of Dravidian development, while both Dravidian and Buddhist writings are of Aryan origin and refer to things new to their race but old to the world”. In the light of the above, this paper focuses on early Indian trade connections with, and Indian settlements in East Africa.

A Novel Graph Based Approach for Market Segmentation on Business to Business (B-to-B) Network Using Inter-Firm Financial Transaction and Firm’s Attribute

Aparajita Bose,Byunghoon Kim 대한산업공학회 2022 대한산업공학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.11

Evaluation of Genetic Differentiation of Albizia lucida Populations from Eastern Region of the Indian Sub-continent by ISSR Markers

Subhashree Aparajita,G. R. Rout 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2008 Journal of Forest Science Vol.24 No.1

Level and distribution of genetic diversity in seven populations of Albizia lucida Benth. in eastern region of the Indian sub-continent were estimated using ISSR markers. Relatively higher level of genetic diversity within populations was observed in seven populations of A. lucida (mean of 0.38). From the result of AMOVA, majority of genetic diversity was allocated within populations (96.2%) resulting in a moderate degree of population differentiation. The observed distribution pattern of I-SSR variant among the populations was coincided with the typical pattern of long-lived woody tree species. Genetic relationships among the populations, reconstructed by UPGMA method, revealed two genetic groups. The population of Anugul and Bargarh turned out to be the most closely related despite a distance location between them. These formations will be of great value in the development of conservation plans for species exhibiting high levels of genetic differentiation due to fragmentation, such as indication of conservation unit size, which populations should be chosen as priority in conservation plans and which samples should be introduced in areas with a low number of individuals of A. lucida.

4f occupancy and magnetism of rare-earth atoms adsorbed on metal substrates

Singha, Aparajita,Baltic, Romana,Donati, Fabio,Wä,ckerlin, Christian,Dreiser, Jan,Persichetti, Luca,Stepanow, Sebastian,Gambardella, Pietro,Rusponi, Stefano,Brune, Harald American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review B Vol.96 No.22

<P>We report x-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements as well as multiplet calculations for Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm atoms adsorbed on Pt(111), Cu(111), Ag(100), and Ag(111). In the gas phase, all four elements are divalent and we label their 4f occupancy as 4f(n). Upon surface adsorption, and depending on the substrate, the atoms either remain in that state or become trivalent with 4f(n-1) configuration. The trivalent state is realized when the sum of the atomic correction energies (4f -> 5d promotion energy E-fd + intershell coupling energy delta E-c) is low and the surface binding energy is large. The latter correlates with a high substrate density of states at the Fermi level. The magnetocrystalline anisotropy of trivalent RE atoms is larger than the one of divalent RE atoms. We ascribe this to the significantly smaller covalent radius of the trivalent state compared to the divalent one for a given RE element. For a given valency of the RE atom, the anisotropy is determined by the overlap between the spd states of the RE and the d states of the surface. For all investigated systems, the magnetization curves recorded at 2.5 K show absence of hysteresis indicating that magnetic relaxation is faster than about 10 s.</P>

INCIDENCE OF CORRUPTION ON FORMAL AND INFORMAL SECTORS: IS THERE ANY SYMMETRY?

Vivekananda Mukherjee,APARAJITA ROY 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2019 Journal of Economic Development Vol.44 No.3

Do the formal and informal sectors of production react symmetrically to higher frequency of corruption? The theoretical model developed in the paper qualifies the answer and explains certain empirical observations. In the informal sector while an increased frequency of corruption increases the entry cost, in the formal sector the effect remains uncertain. While abundance of firms definitely falls in the formal sector, in the informal sector it may either rise or fall in the economies with high share of formal sector employment and unambiguously falls in the economies with low share of formal sector employment. Finally, while the firm size distribution shifts towards relatively larger firms in the formal sector, in the informal sector the effect on firm size distribution remains uncertain in the economies with high share of formal sector employment and it shifts towards smaller size firms in the economies with low share of formal sector employment.

Anticipated Trajectory based Proportional Navigation Guidance Scheme for Intercepting High Maneuvering Targets

Amit Kumar,Aparajita Ojha,Prabin Kumar Padhy 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2017 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.15 No.3

Most of the existing target tracking schemes based on proportional navigation guidance laws requireinformation on target’s acceleration to device their tracking strategies. Acceleration is computed or estimated continuouslyat each step to guide the interceptor. However, computation of acceleration is time consuming and oftenleads to inaccuracy, especially when the target is high maneuvering. Keeping this in view, a proportional navigationbased guidance law for the interception of a high maneuvering target is presented that does not require estimationof the target’s acceleration to generate guidance command. The method is based on anticipating target’s trajectoryusing simple linear extrapolation and rotational correction. The interceptor predicts next position of the target andcontinuously adjusts its acceleration command to move towards the future position of the target. This simple modificationnot only helps in improving the time to intercept but also reduces number of target misses. Further, it iseasier to implement for real time applications due to computational convenience. Performance of the method iscompared with some of the most efficient navigation guidance laws with respect to the time taken in interception,distance traversed and the path followed by the interceptor. In addition, proof of convergence is provided. Simulationresults are further verified through hardware implementation on wheeled mobile robots and results are quiteencouraging.

Genetic Relationships among 23 Ficus Accessions Using Inter- Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

Gyana Ranjan Rout,Subhashree Aparajita 한국작물학회 2009 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.12 No.2

Ficus genus is widely distributed in all the climatic stages and great diversity. The exploration of genetic diversity is a pre-requisite for genome organization in the wild species and the related domesticated ones. Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers were used to assess the identification of 23 important Ficus accessions and determination of the genetic relationships among these accessions. Out of 21 ISSR primers tested, five primers produced 116 detectable fragments, of which 106 (91.3%) were polymorphic across the accessions. Each of the five primers produced a fingerprint profile unique to each of the accessions studied, and thus could be solely used for their identification. Thirteen unique bands specific to nine species were detected. These may be converted into species-specific probes for identification purposes. Genetic relationships among these accessions were evaluated by generating a similarity matrix based on the Dice coefficient and the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) dendogram. The results showed a clear cut separation of the 23 Ficus accessions and were in broad agreement with the morphology. Both molecular and morphological markers will be useful for preservation of the Ficus germplasm. Ficus genus is widely distributed in all the climatic stages and great diversity. The exploration of genetic diversity is a pre-requisite for genome organization in the wild species and the related domesticated ones. Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers were used to assess the identification of 23 important Ficus accessions and determination of the genetic relationships among these accessions. Out of 21 ISSR primers tested, five primers produced 116 detectable fragments, of which 106 (91.3%) were polymorphic across the accessions. Each of the five primers produced a fingerprint profile unique to each of the accessions studied, and thus could be solely used for their identification. Thirteen unique bands specific to nine species were detected. These may be converted into species-specific probes for identification purposes. Genetic relationships among these accessions were evaluated by generating a similarity matrix based on the Dice coefficient and the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) dendogram. The results showed a clear cut separation of the 23 Ficus accessions and were in broad agreement with the morphology. Both molecular and morphological markers will be useful for preservation of the Ficus germplasm.

Genetic Relationships among 23 Ficus Accessions Using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

Rout, Gyana Ranjan,Aparajita, Subhashree 한국작물학회 2009 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.12 No.2

Ficus genus is widely distributed in all the climatic stages and great diversity. The exploration of genetic diversity is a pre-requisite for genome organization in the wild species and the related domesticated ones. Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers were used to assess the identification of 23 important Ficus accessions and determination of the genetic relationships among these accessions. Out of 21 ISSR primers tested, five primers produced 116 detectable fragments, of which 106 (91.3%) were polymorphic across the accessions. Each of the five primers produced a fingerprint profile unique to each of the accessions studied, and thus could be solely used for their identification. Thirteen unique bands specific to nine species were detected. These may be converted into species-specific probes for identification purposes. Genetic relationships among these accessions were evaluated by generating a similarity matrix based on the Dice coefficient and the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) dendogram. The results showed a clear cut separation of the 23 Ficus accessions and were in broad agreement with the morphology. Both molecular and morphological markers will be useful for preservation of the Ficus germplasm.