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andrzej bober 국가안보전략연구원 2011 The Journal of East Asian Affairs Vol.25 No.2
The last Twenty Years of Relations between the Republic of Poland and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea - Selected Aspects The relations between Poland and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea have been considered “good” for years. Today, the Republic of Poland has diplomatic representation in Pyongyang as well as in Seoul, but this was not always the case. The author of this article tries to focus his attention only on a few of the many aspects of cooperation between Warsaw - Pyongyang on the basis of well known and being wide in access of press information, but also hold talks with Polish diplomats and experts on North Korea. Many Polish people, when asked whether Poland should maintain diplomatic relations with North Korea, resent the relations and call it scandalous to keep ties with the country which is commonly regarded as the oppressor of many thousands of its citizens. This article also tries to answer short this question about the reason of the Polish-North Korean relations
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Clostridium botulinum spores in Polish honey samples
Tomasz Grenda,Magdalena Grabczak,Zbigniew Sieradzki,Krzysztof Kwiatek,Krystyna Pohorecka,Marta Skubida,Andrzej Bober 대한수의학회 2018 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.19 No.5
The aim of this study was an examination of 240 multifloral honey samples collected from Polish apiaries to determine Clostridium botulinum occurrence. Honey was collected from apiaries directly after the extraction process. Samples were inoculated by using the dilution and centrifugation method. Suspected isolates were examined by using mouse bioassay, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and real-time PCR methods. C. botulinum type A and B strains were detected in 5 of 240 examined honey samples (2.1%). Bacterial strains were also detected that were phenotypically similar to C. botulinum but that did not exhibit the ability to produce botulinum toxins and did not show the presence of the botulinum cluster (ntnh and bont genes) or expression of the ntnh gene. The methods used in the examination, especially the expression analysis of ntnh gene, enabled specific analysis of suspected strains and could be used routinely in environmental isolate analyses of C. botulinum occurrence.
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