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Spin-polarized Current Switching of Co/Cu/Py Pac-man type II Spin-valve
Andrew Lyle,Yang-Ki Hong,Byoung-Chul Choi,Gavin Abo,Seok Bae,Jeevan Jalli,Jae-jin Lee,Mun-Hyoun Park,Ryan Syslo 한국자기학회 2010 Journal of Magnetics Vol.15 No.3
We investigated spin-polarized current switching of Pac-man type Ⅱ (PM-Ⅱ) nanoelements in Pac-man shaped nanoscale spin-valves (Co/Cu/Py) using micromagnetic simulations. The effects of slot angle and antiferromag-netic (AFM) layer were simulated to obtain optimum switching in less than 2 ns. At a critical slot angle of 105˚, the lowest current density for anti-parallel to parallel (AP-P) switching was observed due to no vortex or antivortex formation during the magnetic reversal process. All other slot angles for AP-P formed a vortex or antivortex during the magnetization reversal process. Additionally, a vortex or anti-vortex formed for all slot angles for parallel to anti-parallel (P-AP) switching. The addition of an AFM layer caused the current density to decrease significantly for AP-P and P-AP at slot angles less than 90˚. However, at slot angles greater than 90˚, the current density tended to decrease by less amounts or actually increased slightly as shape anisotropy became more dominant. This allowed ultra-fast switching with 5.05 and 5.65 x 10? A/㎠ current densities for AP-P and P-AP, respectively, at a slot angle of 105˚.
Amps, Katherine,Andrews, Peter W,Anyfantis, George,Armstrong, Lyle,Avery, Stuart,Baharvand, Hossein,Baker, Julie,Baker, Duncan,Munoz, Maria B,Beil, Stephen,Benvenisty, Nissim,Ben-Yosef, Dalit,Biancott Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2011 Nature biotechnology Vol.29 No.12
The International Stem Cell Initiative analyzed 125 human embryonic stem (ES) cell lines and 11 induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell lines, from 38 laboratories worldwide, for genetic changes occurring during culture. Most lines were analyzed at an early and late passage. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis revealed that they included representatives of most major ethnic groups. Most lines remained karyotypically normal, but there was a progressive tendency to acquire changes on prolonged culture, commonly affecting chromosomes 1, 12, 17 and 20. DNA methylation patterns changed haphazardly with no link to time in culture. Structural variants, determined from the SNP arrays, also appeared sporadically. No common variants related to culture were observed on chromosomes 1, 12 and 17, but a minimal amplicon in chromosome 20q11.21, including three genes expressed in human ES cells, ID1, BCL2L1 and HM13, occurred in >20% of the lines. Of these genes, BCL2L1 is a strong candidate for driving culture adaptation of ES cells.
Optimized Design of Low Voltage High Current Ferrite Planar Inductor for 10 ㎒ On-chip Power Module
Seok Bae,Yang-Ki Hong,Jae-jin Lee,Gavin Abo,Jeevan Jalli,Andrew Lyle,Hongmei Han,Gregory W. Donohoe 한국자기학회 2008 Journal of Magnetics Vol.13 No.2
In this paper, design parameters of high Q (> 50), high current inductor for on-chip power module were optimized by 4 Xs 3 Ys DOE (Design of Experiment). Coil spacing, coil thickness, ferrite thickness, and permeability were assigned to Xs, and inductance (L) and Q factor at 10 ㎒, and resonance frequency (?r) were determined Ys. Effects of each X on the Ys were demonstrated and explained using known inductor theory. Multiple response optimizations were accomplished by three derived regression equations on the Ys. As a result, L of 125 nH, Q factor of 197.5, and ?r of 316.3 ㎒ were obtained with coil space of 127 ㎛, Cu thickness of 67.8 ㎛, ferrite thickness of 130.3 ㎛, and permeability 156.5. Loss tan δ = 0 was assumed for the estimation. Accordingly, Q factor of about 60 is expected at tan δ = 0.02.
Jalli, Jeevan,Hong, Yang-Ki,Bae, Seok,Lee, Jae-Jin,Abo, Gavin S.,Lyle, Andrew,Gee, Sung-Hoon,Lee, Hwachol,Mewes, Tim,Sur, Jeong-Chul,Lee, Sung-Ik American Institute of Physics 2009 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS - Vol.105 No.7
<P>Liquid phase epitaxy technique was used to grow 144 mu m thick barium ferrite (BaFe12O19; BaM) single crystalline films on (111) Gd3Ga5O12 substrate. The growth rate of 72 mu m/h was achieved with a flux system of Fe2O3-BaCO3-Na2CO3. The grown BaM films show single crystalline (000l) orientation that was confirmed by x-ray diffraction and magnetic torque curves. The saturation magnetization (4 pi M-s) and the anisotropy field (H-k) were found to be 4.2 kG and 16.0 kOe, respectively. The ferrimagnetic resonance linewidth (Delta H) at 35 GHz was measured to be 0.1 kOe. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3062824]</P>