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( Amit Saraf ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: Ambulation forms an important part of rehabilitation program after lower limb amputations. Diabetes Mellitus and its complications are commonly associated with amputation. Inspite of this, there is an absence of studies on the effect of diabetes on the post operative ambulation of an amputee. This study analyses the role of diabetes as an independent factor affecting post operative ambulation and compares it with non diabetics Methods: The present study followed 105 patients; 48 diabetics and 57 non diabetic amputees. Their post operative ambulatory level was compared by using Pinzur et al ambulation scale. Both groups were age, sex and BMI matched. Results: There was a worsening of ambulatory level in 33.3% diabetics as compared to 10.7% in non diabetics postoperatively. Of the prosthetic users, 78.4% were in non diabetic group and 21.6% were in diabetic group. 17.6% of prosthetic users required additional support, of whom 66.7% were diabetics. Conclusions: Diabetes Mellitus is an independent factor which has an adverse effect on the functional outcome of a patient after below knee amputation.
Amit Kumar Jha,Anaya Raj Pokhrel,Amit Kumar Chaudhary,Seong-Whan Park,Wan Je Cho,송재경 한국분자세포생물학회 2014 Molecules and cells Vol.37 No.10
Spinosyns A and D are potent ingredient for insect control with exceptional safety to non-target organisms. It consists of a 21-carbon tetracyclic lactone with forosamine and tri-O-methylated rhamnose which are derived from S-adenosyl-methionine. Although previous studies have revealed the involvement of metK1 (S-adenosylmethionine synthetase), rmbA (glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase), and rmbB (TDP-D-glucose-4, 6-dehydratase) in the biosynthesis of spinosad, expression of these genes into rational screened Saccharopolyspora spinosa (S. spinosa MUV) has not been elucidated till date. In the present study, S. spinosa MUV was developed to utilize for metabolic engineering. The yield of spinosyns A and D in S. spinosa MUV was 244 mg L-1 and 129 mg L-1, which was 4.88-fold and 4.77-fold higher than that in the wild-type (50 mg L-1 and 27 mg L-1), respectively. To achieve the better production; positive regulator metK1-sp, rmbA and rmbB genes from Streptomyces peucetius, were expressed and co-expressed in S. spinosa MUV under the control of strong ermE* promoter, using an integration vector pSET152 and expression vector pIBR25, respectively. Herewith, the genetically engineered strain of S. spinosa MUV, produce spinosyns A and D up to 372/217 mg L-1 that is 7.44/8.03-fold greater than that of wild type. This result demonstrates the use of metabolic engineering on rationally developed high producing natural variants for the production.
Retrospective analysis of prevalent anatomy spotter’s examination: an educational audit
Amit Purushottam Tirpude,Manisha Gaikwad,Pradhnya Amit Tirpude,Mantu Jain,Santanu Bora 한국의학교육학회 2019 Korean journal of medical education Vol.31 No.2
Purpose: The spotter’s (objectively structured practical examination) is an assessment tool which is widely used to test the practical knowledge of anatomy extensively. In Indian context it is used as an inclusive model in the gross anatomy practical examination and the marks allotted to it varies. The traditional spotter examination often has been blamed for only incorporating the initial levels of revised Bloom’s taxonomy. This study retrospectively analysed the pre-professional spotter’s examination score and tested its efficacy in terms of reliability, internal consistency, validity, educational impact, and resource intensiveness. Methods: The summative data of student’s score on four different days of unrepeated spotter’s examination and final theory examination score was collected and tabulated. These four group of students acted as independent cohorts. The difficulty index (DI), point biserial correlation (PBC), Cronbach α (CA) and descriptive statistics of each cohort were calculated. Revised bloom taxonomy rating was applied to spotter’s. Results: We found heterogenous distribution of spotter’s in each cohort according to DI. The PBCs and CA of each cohort were acceptable. The majority of spotter’s tested the cognitive and comprehension domain of revised bloom’s taxonomy. There was nonsignificant difference between mean scores of cohorts but we found low positive significant correlation between theory and spotter’s score. Conclusion: We concluded that the construct of spotter’s was reliable, internally consistent, had fair validity, variable educational impact, and sustainable resource intensiveness. We propose urgent redesigning of spotter’s to include higher level of taxonomy to comply with emerging curricular changes.
Amit Kumar,Kamal Sharma,Amit Rai Dixit 한국탄소학회 2021 Carbon Letters Vol.31 No.2
Compared to carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene possesses high strength due to wrinkled surface texture caused by a high density of surface defects which benefits more contact with the polymer material than a rolled-up CNT. In the present review, we have discussed and compared the various properties of CNTs (1-D) and graphene (2-D) obtained in experimental results. The effects of covalent and non-covalent functionalization of CNTs and graphene on the properties of its composites have also been reviewed and compared. A comparative analysis has been carried out between CNTs and graphene-reinforced polymer composites. Furthermore, the synergetic effects of CNTs and graphene hybrid nanofiller on the mechanical properties of polymer composites have also been briefly discussed. Finally, this review concludes with the potential application and future challenges are discussed with regards to filler and their polymer composites.
( Amit Kumar Chaudhary ),( Bijay Singh ),( Sushila Maharjan ),( Amit Kumar Jha ),( Byung Gee Kim ),( Jae Kyung Sohng ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2014 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.24 No.8
Doxorubicin, produced by Streptomyces peucetius ATCC 27952, is tightly regulated by dnrO, dnrN, and dnrI regulators. Genome mining of S. peucetius revealed the presence of the IclR (doxR) type family of transcription regulator mediating the signal-dependent expression of operons at the nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene cluster. Overexpression of doxR in native strain strongly repressed the drug production. Furthermore, it also had a negative effect on the regulatory system of doxorubicin, wherein the transcript of dnrI was reduced to the maximum level in comparision with the other two. Interestingly, the overexpression of the same gene also had strong inhibitory effects on the production of actinorhodin (blue pigment) and undecylprodigiosin (red pigment) in Streptomyces coelicolor M145, herboxidiene production in Streptomyces chromofuscus ATCC 49982, and spinosyn production in Saccharopolyspora spinosa NRRL 18395, respectively. Moreover, DoxR exhibited pleiotropic effects on the production of blue and red pigments in S. coelicolor when grown in different agar media, wherein the production of blue pigment was inhibited in R2YE medium and the red pigment was inhibited in YEME medium. However, the production of both blue and red pigments from S. coelicolor harboring doxR was halted in ISP2 medium, whereas S. coelicolor produced both pigmented antibiotics in the same plate. These consequences demonstrate that the on and off production of these antibiotics was not due to salt stress or media compositions, but was selectively controlled in actinomycetes.
Jha, Amit Kumar,Pokhrel, Anaya Raj,Chaudhary, Amit Kumar,Park, Seong-Whan,Cho, Wan Je,Sohng, Jae Kyung Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2014 Molecules and cells Vol.37 No.10
Spinosyns A and D are potent ingredient for insect control with exceptional safety to non-target organisms. It consists of a 21-carbon tetracyclic lactone with forosamine and tri-Omethylated rhamnose which are derived from S-adenosyl-methionine. Although previous studies have revealed the involvement of metK1 (S-adenosylmethionine synthetase), rmbA (glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase), and rmbB (TDP-D-glucose-4, 6-dehydratase) in the biosynthesis of spinosad, expression of these genes into rational screened Saccharopolyspora spinosa (S. spinosa MUV) has not been elucidated till date. In the present study, S. spinosa MUV was developed to utilize for metabolic engineering. The yield of spinosyns A and D in S. spinosa MUV was $244mgL^{-1}$ and $129mgL^{-1}$, which was 4.88-fold and 4.77-fold higher than that in the wild-type ($50mgL^{-1}$ and $27mgL^{-1}$), respectively. To achieve the better production; positive regulator metK1-sp, rmbA and rmbB genes from Streptomyces peucetius, were expressed and co-expressed in S. spinosa MUV under the control of strong $ermE^*$ promoter, using an integration vector pSET152 and expression vector pIBR25, respectively. Here-with, the genetically engineered strain of S. spinosa MUV, produce spinosyns A and D up to $372/217mgL^{-1}$ that is 7.44/8.03-fold greater than that of wild type. This result demonstrates the use of metabolic engineering on rationally developed high producing natural variants for the production.
Identification of Novel Cytochrome P450 Homologs Using Overlapped Conserved Residues Based Approach
Amit Goyal,김병지,황규석,이선구 한국생물공학회 2015 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.20 No.3
Cytochrome P450 enzymes are one of the most versatile biological catalysts that are found in nature. They have potentials as a drug target in pharmaceutical industries, as a biocatalyst in bioconversion process in chemical industries, and as a biosensor in biomedical industries. Proteins in CYPs superfamily are closely related in structural and functional properties but share low sequence similarity, which makes the identification and characterization of the novel P450 homologs a challenging task. In this study, the overlapped conserved residue (OCR) based approach was used to identify the fingerprints for the alpha-helical rich CYPs, and they were tested to detect novel P450 homologs in the NCBI non-redundant protein sequence database. We could identify 13 potential novel P450 sequence homologs, which were validated at the sequence and structural levels for the presence of the conserved PROSITE motif and conserved Cytochrome P450 structure domain, respectively. This study suggests that the OCR-based approach can be a useful way to detect novel homologous α-helix rich proteins such as Cytochrome P450s.
( Amit Subedi ),( Mi Jin Kim ),( Saroj Nepal ),( Eung Seok Lee ),( Jung Ae Kim ),( Dong Hwan Sohn ),( Kyung Song ),( Sung Hee Lee ),( Won Sang Park ),( Byeong Seon Jeong ),( Pil Hoon Park ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2013 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.23 No.0
MicroRNA-21 and programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), a downstream target of miR-21, mediate diverse physiological responses. Here we demonstrate that globular adiponectin (gAcrp) modulates expressionof miR-21 and PDCD4 in RAW 264.7 macrophages. These effects were abrogated by inhibitors of ERK1/2, JNK or NF-κB. Conditioned media collected from gAcrp-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages caused similar effects as direct gAcrp treatment, showing the paracrine effect of gAcrp. These data indicate that gAcrp modulates the miR-21/PDCD4 axis through the ERK and JNK/NF-κB pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages and further suggest that the miR-21/PDCD4 axis may be a novel target mediating adiponectin-induced biological responses.ⓒ2013 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.B. All rights reserved.