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Aman Ullah,이선영,이해준,황학인,Ali Hussain,이재신,김일원,안창원 한국물리학회 2010 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.57 No.41
Lead-free piezoelectric (1 - x)(Bi0.5(Na0.75K0.25)0.5TiO3)-xBiAlO3 (BNKT25-BA, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.10)ceramics were synthesized using a conventional solid state reaction method. The incorporation of BA into the BNKT25 lattice was investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), ferroelectric characterizations and electric-field-induced strain behavior. X-ray diffraction revealed a pure perovskite phase for x ≤ 0.050. A phase transformation from tetragonal to pseudocubic was observed at x =0.050. The polarization hysteresis loops of the BNTK25-BA ceramics indicate that the addition of BA significantly disrupts the ferroelectric order of BNKT25 ceramics. The destabilization of the ferroelectric order is accompanied by an enhancement of the unipolar strain. In particular, a large electric-field-induced strain (S = 0.29%) and a normalized strain (d*33 = Smax/Emax = 484 pm/V)were observed at x = 0.025, near the tetragonal-pseudocubic phase boundary. These results suggest that the BNKT25-BA system is a promising candidate for lead-free electromechanical applications.
Aman Ullah,Chang Won Ahn,Ali Hussain,Ill Won Kim 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.6
Lead-free Bi0.5(Na0.78K0.22)0.5TiO3 (BNKT) piezoelectric ceramics were synthesized by the solegel technique. The effects of sintering temperatures on the crystal structure, microstructure, densification,dielectric, ferroelectric and electric field-induced strain behaviors of the BNKT ceramics were investigated. X-ray diffraction patterns exhibited a pure perovskite structure from 1075 to 1150 ℃. A scanning electron microscopy study revealed an increase in grain size with increasing sintering temperature. The density of the ceramics sintered at 1150 ℃ reaches a maximum value of 5.55 g/㎤, which is 96% of the theoretical density. BNKT ceramics sintered at an optimum temperature of 1150 ℃ exhibited a high remnant polarization of 18.5 mC/㎠, a high electric field-induced strain of 0.20% and dynamic piezoelectric coefficient d33 * = (Smax/Emax) of 247 pm/V.
Aman Ullah,안창원,Ali Hussain,Hai Joon Lee,Ill Won Kim,이선영 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.4
Lead-free piezoelectric (1 - x)(Bi0.5(Na0.78K0.22)0.5TiO3)–xBiAlO3 (abbreviated BNKT22–BA, x = 0.00–0.100)ceramics were synthesized using a conventional sintering technique. The incorporation of BA into the BNKT22 lattice was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the dielectric and ferroelectric characterizations and electric field-induced strain behavior. Wefound that the structural and electrical properties of BNKT22 ceramics are significantly influenced by the presence of BA content. X-ray diffraction revealed a pure perovskite phase for x ≤ 0.050. A phase transformation from tetragonal to pseudocubic was observed at x = 0.050. As BA content increased, the maximum dielectric constant continuously decreased, and the depolarization temperature (Td) shifted towards lower temperatures. The polarization and strain hysteresis loops indicate that the addition of BA significantly disrupts the ferroelectric order. The destabilization of the ferroelectric order is accompanied by an enhancement of bipolar and unipolar strains. In particular,a very large electric field-induced strain (S = 0.35%) and a normalized strain (d*33 = Smax/Emax = 592 pm/V)were observed at x = 0.030, near the tetragonal–pseudocubic phase boundary. These results suggested that the BNKT22–BA system is a promising candidate for high performance, lead-free electromechanical applications.
Aman Kumar,Barinderpal Singh 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.8 No.4
Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) they can be deploy simply in a few environment without any determination. A major point that affectssuch a networks that characterize by dynamic change in topologyis the performance where routing worth forcefulperformance is one of the key challenges in deploying MANET. Black hole attacks node false advertises that they have secured path source to destination. In this paper the performance of proactive routing protocols Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) and Improved Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (I-DSDV) evaluated under Ipv6 environment using black hole attack under different performance metrics Packet delivery Fraction (PDF), Delay, Routing Overhead (RO). The study in MANET is done with network simulator version 2 simulator.
Reengineering Techniques for Object Oriented Legacy Systems
Aman Jatain,Deepti Gaur 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.9 No.1
Today’s software development is defined by continuous evolution of software products. These products are regularly updated during their usage. In most of the cases systems grow inevitably by adding new features or by changing the system architecture due to new technologies or business plans. It is more than a decade; objects oriented paradigm is adopted as the most efficient passage to build flexible software, and promptly supported by industry. Though, the benefits of object oriented paradigm are supported by many, but its usage does not necessarily result in general, adaptable systems. These huge systems are often suffering from improper use of object oriented techniques, like inheritance and the lack of object oriented methods being regulated towards the building of families of systems instead of developing single applications. These growing technologies make the systems more difficult to maintain and improve. So, there is growing demand for reengineering of object-based systems. The main intention of this paper is to discover important research directions in the area of reengineering of object oriented legacy systems, which necessitate further attention in order to build more effective and efficient reengineering technique for these systems. The paper first discusses the state of art in reengineering of legacy system and its need. Paper also discuss the benefits of component based system over object oriented system and later outlines the techniques for reengineering of object oriented legacy system. In this paper we presented statistical analysis based on more than a decade data.
Aman Yaman, M.,Kita, K.,Pinontoan, R.,Okumura, J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1998 Animal Bioscience Vol.11 No.5
The influence of refeeding with either vitamin, mineral, fibre of water on protein synthesis and mRNA content in the liver and breast muscle of fasted chicks was investigated. At 15 d of age, chicks were fasted for 2 d and then refed either vitamin, mineral, fibre or water. The fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of protein was measured after 30 min of refeeding by using a large dose injection of L - 2, $6[^3H]$ phenylalanine. In the liver, FSR was reduced by fasting and tended to increase but not significantly by refeeding with vitamin or mineral. FSR was not affected by refeeding with fibre or water. There was no influence of fasting and refeeding on ribosomal capacity (the RNA : protein ratio) and ribosomal efficiency (total protein synthesised per total RNA). The absolute synthesis rate (ASR) of liver protein and hepatic mRNA content were reduced by fasting and unchanged by refeeding. In the muscle, FSR, ASR and mRNA content were significantly decreased by fasting and not recovered by refeeding with either vitamin, mineral, fibre or water. It concluded that vitamin, mineral, fibre and water have little capacity to stimulate liver and muscle protein synthesis reduced by fasting.
Aman, Nurul Ashikin Mohd Nazrul,Muchtar, Andanastuti,Rosli, Masli Irwan,Baharuddin, Nurul Akidah,Somalu, Mahendra Rao,Kalib, Noor Shieela The Korean Electrochemical Society 2020 Journal of electrochemical science and technology Vol.11 No.2
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are among one of the promising technologies for efficient and clean energy. SOFCs offer several advantages over other types of fuel cells under relatively high temperatures (600℃ to 800℃). However, the thermal behavior of SOFC stacks at high operating temperatures is a serious issue in SOFC development because it can be associated with detrimental thermal stresses on the life span of the stacks. The thermal behavior of SOFC stacks can be influenced by operating or material properties. Therefore, this work aims to investigate the effects of the thermal conductivity of each component (anode, cathode, and electrolyte) on the thermal behavior of samarium-doped ceria-based SOFCs at intermediate temperatures. Computational fluid dynamics is used to simulate SOFC operation at 600℃. The temperature distributions and gradients of a single cell at 0.7 V under different thermal conductivity values are analyzed and discussed to determine their relationship. Simulations reveal that the influence of thermal conductivity is more remarkable for the anode and electrolyte than for the cathode. Increasing the thermal conductivity of the anode by 50% results in a 23% drop in the maximum thermal gradients. The results for the electrolyte are subtle, with a ~67% reduction in thermal conductivity that only results in an 8% reduction in the maximum temperature gradient. The effect of thermal conductivity on temperature gradient is important because it can be used to predict thermal stress generation.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescent: an Indonesian perspective
Aman Bhakti Pulungan,Ireska Tsaniya Afifa,Diadra Annisa 대한소아내분비학회 2018 Annals of Pediatirc Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol.23 No.3
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents has increased globally over the past 2 decades. Metabolic syndrome, including obesity and overweight at a young age, increases the occurrence of T2DM. Studies in Indonesia have found that obese children and adolescents are more likely to have insulin resistance, a risk factor for T2DM. There are no data on the current incidence of T2DM in youth in Indonesia, but there has been a significant rise in the prevalence of overweight in adolescents. The diagnosis of T2DM in youth is similar to that in adults, with special consideration of when to test asymptomatic children. Management of T2DM in Indonesia follows the recommendations of the Indonesian Pediatric Society, which include lifestyle modifications, such as improving dietary habits and exercise, as well as appropriate medications. Metformin is the drug of choice for young T2DM patients; if marked hyperglycemia is present, basal insulin is given with metformin. Monitoring of T2DM is generally done through selfmonitoring of blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin.