Economic Impact Evaluation of Tourism Development in Accordance with Sustainable Tourism, Case Study -Rural Areas of Tonekabon Township, Iran-

( S. Ali Badri ),( Mehdi. Ramezanzadeh Lasboyee ) 한국문화관광학회 2009 문화관광연구 Vol.11 No.2

The identification and planning of tourism`s actual and perceived economic impacts in rural areas as destination community in accordance with the sustainable tourism principles, has recently received significant attention. Thus, this study compares and analyzes the economic aspects of rural areas in accordance with the sustainable tourism principles before and after tourism development. The case study has been carried out on the rural areas of Dohezar district, Tonekabon Township, Iran. This area has eleven rural settlements and 216 households. Possessing beautiful natural landscapes, this area has been appealing to domestic tourists. The type of tourism in this area is nature-based tourism, reflected in the form of second homes. The methodology used in this study is descriptive-analytic, in which statistical test such as non-parametrical tests such as Wilcockson has been implemented with regard to the data type and the comparison before and after. The findings of this study indicate that the economic indicators of the villages under study have shown significant difference before and after the tourism development in accordance with the principles of sustainability and sustainable tourism; so much so that following the tourism development, positive economic impacts in these rural areas like the growth of employment in relation to the tourism sector and an increase of income as a result of tourism development were observed. But, in view of the fact that tourism development has occurred in the form of mass tourism, spontaneously and without any premeditated planning, it has brought about negative economic impacts such as increase in the price of goods and services, Economic seasonality, and excessive reliance of the rural areas upon the tourism sector, and unequal income distribution have been; something in conflict with the principles of sustainability and those of sustainable tourism.

Economic Impact Evaluation of Tourism Development in Accordance With Sustainable Development, the Case

Sayyed Ali Badri,Mehdi Ramezanzadeh lasboyee 세계문화관광학회 2008 Conference Proceedings Vol.9 No.0

The identification and planning of tourism's actual and perceived economic impacts in rural areas as destination community in accordance with the sustainable tourism principles, has recently received significant attention. Thus, this study compares and analyzes the economic aspects of rural areas in accordance with the sustainable tourism principles before and after tourism development. The case study has been carried out on the rural areas of Dohezar district, Tonekabon Township, Iran. This area has eleven rural settlements and 216 households. Possessing beautiful natural landscapes, this area has been appealing to domestic tourists. The type of tourism in this area is nature-based tourism, reflected in the form of second homes. The methodology used in this study is descriptive-analytic, in which statistical test such as non-parametrical tests such as Wilcockson has been implemented with regard to the data type and the comparison before and after. The findings of this study indicate that the economic indicators of the villages under study have shown significant difference before and after the tourism development in accordance with the principles of sustainability and sustainable tourism; so much so that following the tourism development, positive economic impacts in these rural areas like the growth of employment in relation to the tourism sector and an increase of income as a result of tourism development were observed. But, in view of the fact that tourism development has occurred in the form of mass tourism, spontaneously and without any premeditated planning, it has brought about negative economic impacts such as increase in the price of goods and services, Economic seasonality, and excessive reliance of the rural areas upon the tourism sector, and unequal income distribution have been; something in conflict with the principles of sustainability and those of sustainable tourism.

Host Perception of Social and Cultural Impacts of Tourism in Rural Areas The Case

S. Ali Badri,Mohammad Salmani,Naser Aligholizadeh Firozjaie 세계문화관광학회 2007 Conference Proceedings Vol.8 No.0

The objective of the study is to identify socio-cultural impacts of tourism in rural areas from host perception. Using current literature, some of social indicators were extracted to analyze impacts. On the basis, the data were collected through questionnaire from three districts located in Markaze region of Noshahr county. In according to data type, non parametric statistic tests were employed to analyze the data. The results indicate that tourism affected on socio-cultural aspects of rural areas like increase of employment opportunity, increase of goods and services price, increase of crimes and so on from host perception. There is significant consistency among inhabitants in terms of Chi square test in this respect. The level of tourism effect on social aspects between districts of this region shows significant differences. There is inverse relationship between negative social impacts with level of tourism development.

Burst capacity of pipe under corrosion defects and repaired with thermosetting liner

Ali Akram,Zahiraniza Mustaffa,Thar M. Badri Albarody 국제구조공학회 2020 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.35 No.2

This paper aims at providing insights on the use of thermosetting liner for the repair of offshore pipelines exposed to corrosion and leakage. The work which covers both experimental and numerical approaches were aspired due to the high cost of repair for pipelines, limitations of thermoplastic material and limited study of reinforced thermosetting liner. The experiment involves a destruction test called the burst test, carried out on an API 5L X42 carbon steel pipe under four case studies, namely (i) intact pipe, (ii) pipe with corrosion defect, (iii) pipe with corrosion defect and repaired with thermosetting liner and (iv) pipe with leakage and repaired with thermosetting liner. The numerical simulation was developed to first validate the experimental results and later to optimize the design of the thermosetting liner in terms of the number of layers required to restore the original strength of the pipe. The burst test shows an improvement in 23% of the burst capacity for the pipe with corrosion defects, after being repaired with a three-layer thermosetting liner. The parametric studies conducted showed that with an addition of thermosetting layers, the burst capacity improves by an average of 1.85 MPa. In conclusions, the improvement in strength can be further increased with increasing thickness of the thermosetting liner. The thermosetting liner was also determined to fail first inside the host pipe.

Polymer Supported Cyanide as an Efficient Catalyst in Benzoin Condensation: An Efficient Route to α-Hydroxy Carbonyl Compounds

Ali Reza Kiasat,Rashid Badri,Soheil Sayyahi 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.5

Aromatic aldehydes are efficiently self-condensed into α-hydroxy carbonyl compounds by polystyrene-supported ammonium cyanide as an excellent organocatalyst in C-C bond formation. The reaction proceeds in water under mild reaction conditions. The polymeric catalyst can be easily separated by filtration and reused several times without appreciable loss of activity.

Polymer Supported Cyanide as an Efficient Catalyst in Benzoin Condensation: An Efficient Route to α-Hydroxy Carbonyl Compounds

Kiasat, Ali Reza,Badri, Rashid,Sayyahi, Soheil Korean Chemical Society 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.5

Aromatic aldehydes are efficiently self-condensed into $\alpha$-hydroxy carbonyl compounds by polystyrene-supported ammonium cyanide as an excellent organocatalyst in C-C bond formation. The reaction proceeds in water under mild reaction conditions. The polymeric catalyst can be easily separated by filtration and reused several times without appreciable loss of activity.

Economic Impact Evaluation of Tourism Development in Accordance with Sustainable Tourism, Case Study

S,Ali Badri,Mehdi,Ramezanzadeh lasboyee 세계문화관광학회 2009 Conference Proceedings Vol.10 No.0

The identification and planning of tourism's actual and perceived economic impacts in rural areas as destination community in accordance with the sustainable tourism principles, has recently received significant attention. Thus, this study compares and analyzes the economic aspects of rural areas in accordance with the sustainable tourism principles before and after tourism development. The case study has been carried out on the rural areas of Dohezar district, Tonekabon Township, Iran. This area has eleven rural settlements and 216 households. Possessing beautiful natural landscapes, this area has been appealing to domestic tourists. The type of tourism in this area is nature-based tourism, reflected in the form of second homes. The methodology used in this study is descriptive-analytic, in which statistical test such as non-parametrical tests such as Wilcockson has been implemented with regard to the data type and the comparison before and after. The findings of this study indicate that the economic indicators of the villages under study have shown significant difference before and after the tourism development in accordance with the principles of sustainability and sustainable tourism; so much so that following the tourism development, positive economic impacts in these rural areas like the growth of employment in relation to the tourism sector and an increase of income as a result of tourism development were observed. But, in view of the fact that tourism development has occurred in the form of mass tourism, spontaneously and without any premeditated planning, it has brought about negative economic impacts such as increase in the price of goods and services, Economic seasonality, and excessive reliance of the rural areas upon the tourism sector, and unequal income distribution have been; something in conflict with the principles of sustainability and those of sustainable tourism.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in hemodialysis patients in Iran

Masoud Foroutan,Ali Rostami,Hamidreza Majidiani,Seyed Mohammad Riahi,Sasan Khazaei,Milad Badri,Elham Yousefi 한국역학회 2018 Epidemiology and Health Vol.40 No.-

OBJECTIVES: Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease that occurs worldwide, with a wide range of complications in immunocompromised patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among patients undergoing hemodialysis in Iran. METHODS: We searched English and Persian databases for studies reporting T. gondii seroprevalence in Iranian hemodialysis patients through December 31, 2017. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. RESULTS: A total of 10 studies containing 1,865 participants (1,048 patients and 817 controls) met the eligibility criteria. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against T. gondii were found in 58% (95% confidence interval [CI], 46 to 70) of hemodialysis patients and 40% (95% CI, 31 to 50) of healthy controls, while immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies were found in 2% (95% CI, 0 to 6) of hemodialysis patients and 0% (95% CI, 0 to 1) of healthy controls. The meta-analysis showed that hemodialysis patients were significantly more likely to be seropositive for IgG (odds ratio [OR], 2.04; 95% CI, 1.54 to 2.70; p<0.001) and IgM (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.23 to 5.22; p<0.001) antibodies against T. gondii infection than healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS: The current study revealed a high prevalence of T. gondii infection in hemodialysis patients. Since hemodialysis patients are immunocompromised and T. gondii can cause serious clinical complications, we recommend that periodic screenings for T. gondii infection should be incorporated into the routine clinical care of these patients.

Economic and Social Impacts Of Tourism Case Study

Naser. Aligholizadeh Firozjaie,Mostafa. Ghadami,Seyed Ali Badri 세계문화관광학회 2008 International Journal of Culture and tourism Resea Vol.1 No.1

Tourism can play an important role in rural areas economical and social development as an efficient vehicle. Nowadays, tourism has been the focus of attention in most of the countries for removing rural areas' economical-social challenges. The aim of the present research is to analyze tourism effects and impacts in rural areas of Noshahr central district in north of Iran The method utilized in this study is descriptive-analytical and the study variables are based related theoretical base and taken from other researchers' findings in other parts of the world andpri-mary field studies performed in area under investigation. The nature of study data are objective and subjective. In this research, 375 household in 26 sample rural areas, has been studied and the findings have been generalized. Parametric and non-parametric statistical tests have been used. The results indicate that tourism bring about positive economical and social effects and impacts including job creation, income increase, knowledge increase, etc. According to these findings, there is a significant correlation between tourism development and above indicators of area under study. Despite positive effects and impacts, mass and spontaneous nature of tourism development in combination with inefficient management, there have also been negative economical, social and environmental effects and impacts. According to spearman correlation test, there is a positive significant correlation between tourism development and negative indicators of economical, social dimensions.

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM, CASE STUDY

Naser. Aligholizadeh Firozjaie,Mostafa. Ghadami,Seyed Ali Badri 세계문화관광학회 2009 Conference Proceedings Vol.10 No.0

Tourism can play an important role in rural areas economical and social development as an efficient vehicle. Nowadays, tourism has been the focus of attention in most of the countries for removing rural areas' economical-social challenges. The aim of the present research is to analyze tourism effects and impacts in rural areas of Noshahr central district in north of Iran The method utilized in this study is descriptive-analytical and the study variables are based related theoretical base and taken from other researchers' findings in other parts of the world and primary field studies performed in area under investigation. The nature of study data are objective and subjective. In this research, 375 household in 26 sample rural areas, has been studied and the findings have been generalized. Parametric and non-parametric statistical tests have been used. The results indicate that tourism bring about positive economical and social effects and impacts including job creation, income increase, knowledge increase, etc. According to these findings, there is a significant correlation between tourism development and above indicators of area under study. Despite positive effects and impacts, mass and spontaneous nature of tourism development in combination with inefficient management, there have also been negative economical, social and environmental effects and impacts. According to spearman correlation test, there is a positive significant correlation between tourism development and negative indicators of economical, social dimensions.