Two new species of Chrysis Linnaeus (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) from Iran

Afrouz Farhad,Paolo Rosa,Ali Asghar Talebi,Yaghoub Fathipour,Hamidreza Hajiqanbar 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.4

The Iranian species in the Chrysis pulchella and C. varidens species groups are investigated. Six species are recognized, two of which are described for the first time: Chrysis gamberoonensis Farhad, Rosa and Talebi sp. nov. and Chrysis brunneamarginata Farhad, Rosa and Talebi sp. nov.. Chrysis gamberoonensis Farhad, Rosa and Talebi sp. nov. belongs to the C. pulchella group and is recognizable within this species group by its unique blue body coloration, scattered mesosoma punctures, polished pit row with elongated pits, and a small median tooth on the lateral edge of metasomal tergum 3. Chrysis brunneamarginata Farhad, Rosa and Talebi sp. nov. belongs to the C. varidens group and is recognizable by the usually colorless apical rim of metasomal tergum 3, and the unique shape of the anterior corners of the scutellum which are enlarged, thickened and directed backward covering the axillary trough. Dichotomous keys and distributional data for Iranian species included in these species groups are provided. Chrysis schwarzi Linsenmaier, 1968 is raised to species rank. The number of Iranian Chrysis species and subspecies is raised to 122.

Age-dependent functional response of Aphidius matricariae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on tobacco aphid, Myzus persicae nicotianae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Rezaei Mehran,Talebi Ali Asghar,Fathipour Yaghoub,Karimzadeh Javad,Mehrabadi Mohammad 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.1

This study was performed to investigate the age-dependent functional response of Aphidius matricariae Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) at varying densities of tobacco aphid, Myzus persicae nicotianae Blackman (Hemi ptera: Aphididae). Six densities (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 numbers) of third instar nymphs of M. persicae nicotianae were daily exposed to one pair of 1-day-old A. matricariae until the parasitoid female died. Each host aphid density was replicated 10 times. The experiments were conducted at constant environmental conditions (25 ± 1 ◦ C, 70 ± 5% RH and 16:8h L:D photoperiod). The logistic regression model demonstrated that the functional response of A. matricariae was type III in the second day and type II in the first day and from third to the end of adult parasitoid lifetime. The handling time (T h ) was lowest in the first day (0.2305 h) and highest in the sixth day (2.9296 h) of the parasitoid’s life. The searching efficiency (a) values were 0.0573, 0.0649, 0.0503, 0.0229, and 0.0077 h − 1 in the first, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth days of the parasitoid’s life, respectively. Also, the b value for type III functional response was 0.0147 in the second day. The values of maximum attack rate (T/T h ) ranged from 104.12 nymphs/24 h in the first day to 19.8 nymphs/24 h in the sixth day of parasitoid’s life. Based on the results, A. matricariae showed a high potential to control the population of tobacco aphid and the highest efficiency gained in the first half of the female parasitoid life.

First record of the genus Aethiophenax (Acari: Acarophenacidae) from Asia, redefinition of the genus and description of a new species

Alihan Katlav,Hamidreza Hajiqanbar,Ali Asghar Talebi 한국응용곤충학회 2015 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.18 No.3

The parasitoid mite Aethiophenax luteoli sp. nov. (Acari: Trombidiformes: Acarophenacidae) collected from the beneath elytra of Epuraea (Haptoncus) luteola Erichson, 1843 (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) is described and illustrated from Mazandaran province, northern Iran. This is the first record of the genus Aethiophenax Mahunka, 1981 fromAsia. This genus is redefined and a key to its world species is provided. The host range or habitat and distribution of the genus Aethiophenax and its close genus Paracarophenax Cross, 1965 are reviewed. Moreover, the all legs setation of some selected genera of the family Acarophenacidae is compared.

Different pepper cultivars affect performance of second (Myzus persicae) and third (Diaeretiella rapae) trophic levels

Mona Ghorbanian,Yaghoub Fathipour,Ali Asghar Talebi,Gadi V.P. Reddy 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.1

While chemical application can control aphid outbreaks, the overuse of insecticides can make aphids more resistant to these insecticides. These effects make strategies such as host plant resistance combined with biological control agents as an important part of alternative control methods. In this study, the performance of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its parasitoid wasp, Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were determined on different pepper cultivars (California, Hamedan, Minab, Sabz-Farangi, Sabz-Ghalami, Semnan, Shahroud, and Tehran) in a growth chamber at 25 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% RH and a 16:8 h L:D photoperiod. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) of the aphid on the above-mentioned cultivars was 0.3203, 0.3891, 0.3594, 0.3152, 0.3512, 0.3032, 0.3352 and 0.2787 day −1 , respectively. Comparison of the intrinsic rate of increase (r) on different pepper cultivars revealed that Hamedan was the most susceptible and Tehran was the most resistant cultivar. The parasitoids reared on the aphids fed on the susceptible cultivar (Hamedan) had a higher intrinsic rate of increase (0.2641 day −1 ) than those (0.2259 day −1 ) reared on the resistant cultivar (Tehran). These results demonstrated that the quality of host plant affected the performance of M. persicae and its parasitoid D. rapae.

Parasitism capacity and searching efficiency of Diaeretiella rapae parasitizing Brevicoryne brassicae on susceptible and resistant canola cultivars

Amene Karami,Yaghoub Fathipour,Ali Asghar Talebi,Gadi V.P. Reddy 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.4

Different cultivars of aplant species can affect the foraging and efficiency of natural enemies, both directly through physical and biochemical properties or indirectly through the herbivore's diet. In this study, the parasitism capacity and functional response of Diaeretiella rapae McIntosh were determined on the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) reared on susceptible (Opera) and resistant (Okapi) canola cultivars under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% RH and a16:8 h L:D photoperiod. The parasitoid exhibited Type II and Type III functional responses on the resistant and susceptible cultivars, respectively. The estimated value of searching efficiency (a) was 0.1637 ± 0.1095 h −1 on the resistant cultivar whereas its value was dependent on host density on the susceptible cultivar. The handling times (T h ) on the susceptible and resistant canola cultivars were 0.108 ± 0.040 and 0.320 ± 0.048 h, respectively. The net parasitism rate (C 0 ) of the parasitoid wasp varied from 128.09 hosts per parasitoid lifetime on the susceptible to 71.01hosts on the resistant canola cultivar. The transformation rate from host population to parasitoid offspring (Qp) was equal to 1 on both cultivars (C 0 = R 0 ). The finite parasitism rate (ω) on the susceptible cultivar (0.819 hosts per parasitoid per day) was significantly higher than that on the resistant one (0.578 hosts per parasitoid per day). In conclusion, canola cultivars affected the performance of D. rapae in controlled small-scale laboratory experiments and compared with the susceptible cultivar, the resistant one had anadverseeffect on the efficiency of the parasitoid.

Temperature-dependent functional response of Diglyphus isaea and Hemiptarsenus zilahisebessi parasitizing Liriomyza sativae

Fathipour Yaghoub,Haghani Mostafa,Bagheri Abdoolnabi,Talebi Ali Asghar,Baniameri Valiollah 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.2

This study was conducted to address the effect of different constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C) on the functional response of the parasitoid wasps Diglyphus isaea Walker and Hemiptarsenus zilahisebessi Erdös to different densities of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 larvae) under laboratory conditions. The results revealed the Type II functional response for both parasitoids at different temperatures. The highest searching efficiency for D. isaea and H. zilahisebessi occurred at 25 °C (0.926 ± 0.211 h −1 ) and 30 °C (1.012 ± 0.241 h −1 ), respectively. In addition, the shortest handling time for D. isaea and H. zilahisebessi were observed at 25 °C (0.063 ± 0.008 h) and 30 °C (0.058 ± 0.008 h), respectively. These results demonstrated that H. zilahisebessi is more efficient at higher temperatures than D. isaea. Both parasitoids had higher parasitism performance when temperature increased (4.67 parasitized hosts/day at 15 °C vs 15.87 parasitized hosts/day at 25 °C for D. isaea and 3.89 parasitized hosts/day at 15 °C vs 17.24 parasitized hosts/day at 30 °C for H. zilahisebessi). In addition, a quadratic regression was found between handling time and temperature as well as between number of the parasitized larvae and temperature in D. isaea and H. zilahisebessi at different densities of L. sativae. This study provided a preliminary information on the parasitic behavior of these parasitoids and that D. isaea and H. zilahisebessi can be used properly beside other non-chemical approaches to manage L. sativae damage at a temperature range of 25–30 °C, respectively.

Evaluation of tomato cultivars to Helicoverpa armigera using two-sex life table parameters in laboratory

Sedighe Safuraie-Parizi,Yaghoub Fathipour,Ali Asghar Talebi 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.4

Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is one of the most important pests of a wide range of agricultural crops worldwide. Resistance of 10 tomato cultivars (‘Primoearly,’ ‘Riogrand,’ ‘CaljN3,’ ‘Kingstone,’ ‘Earlyurbana,’ ‘Petomech,’‘EarlyurbanaY,’ ‘Mobil,’ ‘Imprial’ and ‘Petoearly’) to H. armigera was evaluated under laboratory conditions at25 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) hours using age-stage, two-sex life table parameters. The larval period ranged from 19.96 on ‘Riogrand’ to 24.58 days on ‘Imprial.’ The insects reared on ‘Imprial’had the longest total preoviposition period (44.80 days) and those reared on ‘Riogrand’ had the shortest one(35.44 days). The longest adult longevity for female and male was observed on ‘EarlyurbanaY’ (14.40 days)and ‘Kingstone’ (15.00 days), respectively. Using age-stage, two-sex life table, the value of the net reproductiverate (R0) varied from7.8 on ‘Imprial’ to 186.9 offspring per individual on ‘Petomech.’ The lowest value of the intrinsicrate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ)was on ‘Imprial’ (0.0410 and 1.0423 day−1, respectively)and the highest was on ‘Petomech’ (0.1274 and 1.1359 day−1, respectively). The mean generation time (T) ondifferent cultivars varied from 39.9 to 48.2 days. The results revealed that ‘Petomech’ was the most susceptible(suitable) and ‘Imprial’ was the most resistant (unsuitable) cultivar to this pest among the tomato cultivarstested.

Development response of Spodoptera exigua to eight constant temperatures: Linear and nonlinear modeling

Azadeh Karimi-Malati,Yaghoub Fathipour,Ali Asghar Talebi 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.3

Temperature-dependent development of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) were evaluated at eight constant temperaturesof 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 33, 34 and 36 °C with a variation of 0.5 °C on sugar beet leaves. No development occurredat 12 °C and 36 °C. Total developmental time varied from 120.50 days at 15 °C to 14.50 days at 33 °C. Astemperature increased from15 °C to 33 °C, developmental rate (1/developmental time) of S. exigua increased butdeclined at 34 °C. The lower temperature threshold (Tmin) was estimated to be 12.98 °C and 12.45 °C, and thethermal constant (K) was 294.99 DD and 311.76 DD, using the traditional and Ikemoto–Takai linear models, respectively. The slopes of the Ikemoto–Takai linear model for different immature stages were different, violatingthe assumption of rate isomorphy. Data were fitted to three nonlinear models to predict the developmental rateand estimate the critical temperatures. The Tmin values estimated by Lactin-2 (12.90 °C) and SSI (13.35 °C) werehigher than the value estimated by Briere-2 (8.67 °C). The estimated fastest development temperatures (Tfast) bythe Briere-2, Lactin-2 and SSI models for overall immature stages development of S. exigua were 33.4 °C, 33.9 °Cand 32.4 °C, respectively. The intrinsic optimum temperature (TΦ) estimated from the SSI model was 28.5 °C, inwhich the probability of enzyme being in its native state is maximal. The upper temperature threshold (Tmax)values estimated by these three nonlinear models varied from34.00 °C to 34.69 °C. These findings on thermal requirementscan be used to predict the occurrence, number of generations and population dynamics of S. exigua.

Continuous rearing on Ephestia kuehniella reshaped quality of the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma brassicae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Ghaemmaghami Ehsan,Fathipour Yaghoub,Bagheri Abdoolnabi,Talebi Ali Asghar,Reddy Gadi V.P. 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.2

Continuous mass rearing of Trichogramma brassicae (Bezdenko) at commercial mass-rearing insectaries may affect both quality and performance of natural enemies. In the present study, we studied the quality and per formance of a colony of T. brassicae reared for over 45 generations (G) on Ephestia kuehniella Zeller using two-sex life table parameters and parasitism capacity. Our results revealed that although different generations showed no significant difference in terms of female longevity or total life span until G35, G5 and G10 had the highest values of fecundity, gross reproductive rate (GRR), net reproductive rate (R 0 ), intrinsic rate of natural increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ). No significant difference in male adult longevity was found among different genera tions. The longest and shortest mean generation times (T) were found in G10 (13.65 ± 2.31 d) and G45 (13.25 ± 3.37 d), respectively. The finite rate of parasitism (ω) ranged from 0.355 ± 2.332 host/parasitoid/day in G5 to 0.242 ± 0.017 host/parasitoid/day in G45. However, ω did not show any significant difference until G20. These results indicate that T. brassicae wasps held under continuous laboratory rearing declined in quality after 20 generations, and therefore periodical rejuvenation of the colony by adding feral parasitoids is strongly recommended.