Temperature-dependent functional response of Diglyphus isaea and Hemiptarsenus zilahisebessi parasitizing Liriomyza sativae

Fathipour Yaghoub,Haghani Mostafa,Bagheri Abdoolnabi,Talebi Ali Asghar,Baniameri Valiollah 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.2

This study was conducted to address the effect of different constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C) on the functional response of the parasitoid wasps Diglyphus isaea Walker and Hemiptarsenus zilahisebessi Erdös to different densities of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 larvae) under laboratory conditions. The results revealed the Type II functional response for both parasitoids at different temperatures. The highest searching efficiency for D. isaea and H. zilahisebessi occurred at 25 °C (0.926 ± 0.211 h −1 ) and 30 °C (1.012 ± 0.241 h −1 ), respectively. In addition, the shortest handling time for D. isaea and H. zilahisebessi were observed at 25 °C (0.063 ± 0.008 h) and 30 °C (0.058 ± 0.008 h), respectively. These results demonstrated that H. zilahisebessi is more efficient at higher temperatures than D. isaea. Both parasitoids had higher parasitism performance when temperature increased (4.67 parasitized hosts/day at 15 °C vs 15.87 parasitized hosts/day at 25 °C for D. isaea and 3.89 parasitized hosts/day at 15 °C vs 17.24 parasitized hosts/day at 30 °C for H. zilahisebessi). In addition, a quadratic regression was found between handling time and temperature as well as between number of the parasitized larvae and temperature in D. isaea and H. zilahisebessi at different densities of L. sativae. This study provided a preliminary information on the parasitic behavior of these parasitoids and that D. isaea and H. zilahisebessi can be used properly beside other non-chemical approaches to manage L. sativae damage at a temperature range of 25–30 °C, respectively.

Functional response, switching, and prey-stage preference of Scolothrips longicornis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Schizotetranychus smirnovi (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Marjan Heidarian,Yaghoub Fathipour,Karim Kamali 한국응용곤충학회 2012 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.15 No.1

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Scolothrips longicornis Priesner (Thysanoptera:Thripidae) as a biocontrol agent of Schizotetranychus smirnovi Wainstein (Acari: Tetranychidae), a key pest of almond trees in the southwest of Iran. To achieve a strategy for the control of this pest, it is important to understand foraging behavior (Functional response, switching, and prey-stage preference) of S. longicornis. The predator exhibited a type III functional response when it was offered S. smirnovi protonymphs at seven densities (2, 4, 8, 16, 32 .64 and 128). Based on the random predator equation, the estimated attack rate (a), handling time (Th), and maximum rate of predation were 0.0048 h−1, 0.4816 h, and 49.84 per day, respectively. Using the Murdoch's model, switching behavior was observed in S. longicornis. The predator switched from one stage when it becomes rare to another more abundant stage. S. longicornis fed on all stages but preferred S. smirnovi larvae and protonymphs. The results of this study revealed that S. longicornis could be used in the integrated management of S. smirnovi. However, further field studies are needed to verify this hypothesis.

Temperature-dependent development of Acarophagous ladybird, Stethorus gilvifrons (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Roya Taghizadeh,,Yaghoub Fathipour,Karim Kamali 한국응용곤충학회 2008 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.11 No.3

Development of Stethorus gilvifrons (Mulsant), a predator of two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch), was studied under laboratory conditions at constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 28, 30, 35 and 40°C. No development occurred at 40°C. The total development time at temperatures tested was 56.47, 31.19, 18.53, 17.54, 12.49, and 9.27days, respectively, which indicated a significant decrease of development time with increasing temperature. Using the linear model, the estimated low temperature threshold for egg, larva, prepupa, pupa, and total immature stage of S. gilvifrons was 14.11, 10.86, 11.33, 17.04, and 12.47°C, respectively while the thermal constant for these stages was 36.36, 153.14, 11.63, 25.25, and 222.72 degree-days, respectively. Development of Stethorus gilvifrons (Mulsant), a predator of two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch), was studied under laboratory conditions at constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 28, 30, 35 and 40°C. No development occurred at 40°C. The total development time at temperatures tested was 56.47, 31.19, 18.53, 17.54, 12.49, and 9.27days, respectively, which indicated a significant decrease of development time with increasing temperature. Using the linear model, the estimated low temperature threshold for egg, larva, prepupa, pupa, and total immature stage of S. gilvifrons was 14.11, 10.86, 11.33, 17.04, and 12.47°C, respectively while the thermal constant for these stages was 36.36, 153.14, 11.63, 25.25, and 222.72 degree-days, respectively.

Continuous rearing on Ephestia kuehniella reshaped quality of the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma brassicae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Ghaemmaghami Ehsan,Fathipour Yaghoub,Bagheri Abdoolnabi,Talebi Ali Asghar,Reddy Gadi V.P. 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.2

Continuous mass rearing of Trichogramma brassicae (Bezdenko) at commercial mass-rearing insectaries may affect both quality and performance of natural enemies. In the present study, we studied the quality and per formance of a colony of T. brassicae reared for over 45 generations (G) on Ephestia kuehniella Zeller using two-sex life table parameters and parasitism capacity. Our results revealed that although different generations showed no significant difference in terms of female longevity or total life span until G35, G5 and G10 had the highest values of fecundity, gross reproductive rate (GRR), net reproductive rate (R 0 ), intrinsic rate of natural increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ). No significant difference in male adult longevity was found among different genera tions. The longest and shortest mean generation times (T) were found in G10 (13.65 ± 2.31 d) and G45 (13.25 ± 3.37 d), respectively. The finite rate of parasitism (ω) ranged from 0.355 ± 2.332 host/parasitoid/day in G5 to 0.242 ± 0.017 host/parasitoid/day in G45. However, ω did not show any significant difference until G20. These results indicate that T. brassicae wasps held under continuous laboratory rearing declined in quality after 20 generations, and therefore periodical rejuvenation of the colony by adding feral parasitoids is strongly recommended.

Different pepper cultivars affect performance of second (Myzus persicae) and third (Diaeretiella rapae) trophic levels

Mona Ghorbanian,Yaghoub Fathipour,Ali Asghar Talebi,Gadi V.P. Reddy 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.1

While chemical application can control aphid outbreaks, the overuse of insecticides can make aphids more resistant to these insecticides. These effects make strategies such as host plant resistance combined with biological control agents as an important part of alternative control methods. In this study, the performance of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its parasitoid wasp, Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were determined on different pepper cultivars (California, Hamedan, Minab, Sabz-Farangi, Sabz-Ghalami, Semnan, Shahroud, and Tehran) in a growth chamber at 25 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% RH and a 16:8 h L:D photoperiod. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) of the aphid on the above-mentioned cultivars was 0.3203, 0.3891, 0.3594, 0.3152, 0.3512, 0.3032, 0.3352 and 0.2787 day −1 , respectively. Comparison of the intrinsic rate of increase (r) on different pepper cultivars revealed that Hamedan was the most susceptible and Tehran was the most resistant cultivar. The parasitoids reared on the aphids fed on the susceptible cultivar (Hamedan) had a higher intrinsic rate of increase (0.2641 day −1 ) than those (0.2259 day −1 ) reared on the resistant cultivar (Tehran). These results demonstrated that the quality of host plant affected the performance of M. persicae and its parasitoid D. rapae.

How does a predator find its prey? Nesidiocoris tenuis is able to detect Tuta absoluta by HIPVs

Abdollahipour Mousa,Fathipour Yaghoub,Mollahosseini Afsaneh 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.4

The Zoophytophagous predator, Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is one of the most important candidates for controlling Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in tomato crops. This predator uses different signals including morphological plant traits, prey insects, and volatile substances produced by the infested plants and prey signals to find its suitable prey. These signals are different in each cultivar of a plant. We aimed to understand how N. tenuis finds its prey using volatiles from tomato plants damaged or infested with T. absoluta. The predator’s responses to various plant treatments on two cultivars of tomato plants were tested in a flight tunnel and a four-choice olfactometer. The volatile compounds released from the treatments were also collected and identified. The results of the olfactory experiments showed that the predators even in the absence of light chose the plants bearing their insect prey. This behavior was not the same in both cultivars, and N. tenuis had a tendency toward mechanically damaged of Early Urbana Y cultivar more than Cal JN3 cultivar. The differences in the amount of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and eugenol between cultivars may play a role in the differential attraction of N. tenuis towards infested plants. The difference in the volatile compounds was evident in two cultivars, and this was consistent with our bioassay results. Therefore, the choice of appropriate cultivar and use of herbivore-infested plant volatiles are important for developing a control strategy against T. absoluta and attract its predators.

Parasitism capacity and searching efficiency of Diaeretiella rapae parasitizing Brevicoryne brassicae on susceptible and resistant canola cultivars

Amene Karami,Yaghoub Fathipour,Ali Asghar Talebi,Gadi V.P. Reddy 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.4

Different cultivars of aplant species can affect the foraging and efficiency of natural enemies, both directly through physical and biochemical properties or indirectly through the herbivore's diet. In this study, the parasitism capacity and functional response of Diaeretiella rapae McIntosh were determined on the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) reared on susceptible (Opera) and resistant (Okapi) canola cultivars under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% RH and a16:8 h L:D photoperiod. The parasitoid exhibited Type II and Type III functional responses on the resistant and susceptible cultivars, respectively. The estimated value of searching efficiency (a) was 0.1637 ± 0.1095 h −1 on the resistant cultivar whereas its value was dependent on host density on the susceptible cultivar. The handling times (T h ) on the susceptible and resistant canola cultivars were 0.108 ± 0.040 and 0.320 ± 0.048 h, respectively. The net parasitism rate (C 0 ) of the parasitoid wasp varied from 128.09 hosts per parasitoid lifetime on the susceptible to 71.01hosts on the resistant canola cultivar. The transformation rate from host population to parasitoid offspring (Qp) was equal to 1 on both cultivars (C 0 = R 0 ). The finite parasitism rate (ω) on the susceptible cultivar (0.819 hosts per parasitoid per day) was significantly higher than that on the resistant one (0.578 hosts per parasitoid per day). In conclusion, canola cultivars affected the performance of D. rapae in controlled small-scale laboratory experiments and compared with the susceptible cultivar, the resistant one had anadverseeffect on the efficiency of the parasitoid.

Development response of Spodoptera exigua to eight constant temperatures: Linear and nonlinear modeling

Azadeh Karimi-Malati,Yaghoub Fathipour,Ali Asghar Talebi 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.3

Temperature-dependent development of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) were evaluated at eight constant temperaturesof 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 33, 34 and 36 °C with a variation of 0.5 °C on sugar beet leaves. No development occurredat 12 °C and 36 °C. Total developmental time varied from 120.50 days at 15 °C to 14.50 days at 33 °C. Astemperature increased from15 °C to 33 °C, developmental rate (1/developmental time) of S. exigua increased butdeclined at 34 °C. The lower temperature threshold (Tmin) was estimated to be 12.98 °C and 12.45 °C, and thethermal constant (K) was 294.99 DD and 311.76 DD, using the traditional and Ikemoto–Takai linear models, respectively. The slopes of the Ikemoto–Takai linear model for different immature stages were different, violatingthe assumption of rate isomorphy. Data were fitted to three nonlinear models to predict the developmental rateand estimate the critical temperatures. The Tmin values estimated by Lactin-2 (12.90 °C) and SSI (13.35 °C) werehigher than the value estimated by Briere-2 (8.67 °C). The estimated fastest development temperatures (Tfast) bythe Briere-2, Lactin-2 and SSI models for overall immature stages development of S. exigua were 33.4 °C, 33.9 °Cand 32.4 °C, respectively. The intrinsic optimum temperature (TΦ) estimated from the SSI model was 28.5 °C, inwhich the probability of enzyme being in its native state is maximal. The upper temperature threshold (Tmax)values estimated by these three nonlinear models varied from34.00 °C to 34.69 °C. These findings on thermal requirementscan be used to predict the occurrence, number of generations and population dynamics of S. exigua.

Evaluation of tomato cultivars to Helicoverpa armigera using two-sex life table parameters in laboratory

Sedighe Safuraie-Parizi,Yaghoub Fathipour,Ali Asghar Talebi 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.4

Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is one of the most important pests of a wide range of agricultural crops worldwide. Resistance of 10 tomato cultivars (‘Primoearly,’ ‘Riogrand,’ ‘CaljN3,’ ‘Kingstone,’ ‘Earlyurbana,’ ‘Petomech,’‘EarlyurbanaY,’ ‘Mobil,’ ‘Imprial’ and ‘Petoearly’) to H. armigera was evaluated under laboratory conditions at25 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) hours using age-stage, two-sex life table parameters. The larval period ranged from 19.96 on ‘Riogrand’ to 24.58 days on ‘Imprial.’ The insects reared on ‘Imprial’had the longest total preoviposition period (44.80 days) and those reared on ‘Riogrand’ had the shortest one(35.44 days). The longest adult longevity for female and male was observed on ‘EarlyurbanaY’ (14.40 days)and ‘Kingstone’ (15.00 days), respectively. Using age-stage, two-sex life table, the value of the net reproductiverate (R0) varied from7.8 on ‘Imprial’ to 186.9 offspring per individual on ‘Petomech.’ The lowest value of the intrinsicrate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ)was on ‘Imprial’ (0.0410 and 1.0423 day−1, respectively)and the highest was on ‘Petomech’ (0.1274 and 1.1359 day−1, respectively). The mean generation time (T) ondifferent cultivars varied from 39.9 to 48.2 days. The results revealed that ‘Petomech’ was the most susceptible(suitable) and ‘Imprial’ was the most resistant (unsuitable) cultivar to this pest among the tomato cultivarstested.

Effect of temperature on life table parameters of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on two brassicaceous host plants

Ali Golizadeh,Karim Kamali,Yaghoub Fathipour,Habib Abbasipour 한국응용곤충학회 2009 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.12 No.4

Life table parameters of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), were studied at seven constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 28, 30, and 35 °C) on two brassicaceous host plants, cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Survival, longevity and reproduction were examined and used to construct a life table. The survival at immature stages varied from 53.0 to 84.1% on cauliflower and from 58.3 to 86.2% on cabbage at 10–30 °C. P. xylostella did not survive at 35 °C. The female adult longevity ranged from 12.9 days at 30 °C to 30.4 days at 10 °C on cauliflower and 9.7 days at 30 °C to 40.0 days at 15 °C on cabbage. The net reproductive rate (R0) increased with increasing temperature, while generation time (T) decreased. This caused the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) to increase from 0.038 to 0.340 on cauliflower and 0.033 to 0.315 on cabbage from 10 to 28 °C. The significant decrease in R0 caused a decrease in rm at 30 °C. The rm values on cauliflower were significantly higher than cabbage at 15, 20, 28 and 30 °C. Life table parameters of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), were studied at seven constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 28, 30, and 35 °C) on two brassicaceous host plants, cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Survival, longevity and reproduction were examined and used to construct a life table. The survival at immature stages varied from 53.0 to 84.1% on cauliflower and from 58.3 to 86.2% on cabbage at 10–30 °C. P. xylostella did not survive at 35 °C. The female adult longevity ranged from 12.9 days at 30 °C to 30.4 days at 10 °C on cauliflower and 9.7 days at 30 °C to 40.0 days at 15 °C on cabbage. The net reproductive rate (R0) increased with increasing temperature, while generation time (T) decreased. This caused the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) to increase from 0.038 to 0.340 on cauliflower and 0.033 to 0.315 on cabbage from 10 to 28 °C. The significant decrease in R0 caused a decrease in rm at 30 °C. The rm values on cauliflower were significantly higher than cabbage at 15, 20, 28 and 30 °C.