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RISS 인기검색어
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- 저자 : Alamgeer (검색결과 3 건)
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Terminal Configuration and Growth Mechanism of III-V on Si-Based Tandem Solar Cell: A Review
Alamgeer,Muhammad Quddamah Khokhar,Muhammad Aleem Zahid,Hasnain Yousuf,한승용,Yifan Hu,김영국,Suresh Kumar Dhungel,이준신 한국전기전자재료학회 2023 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.36 No.5
Tandem or multijunction solar cells (MJSCs) can convert sunlight into electricity with higher efficiency (η) than single junction solar cells (SJSCs) by dividing the solar irradiance over sub-cells having distinct bandgaps. The efficiencies ofvarious common SJSC materials are close to the edge of their theoretical efficiency and hence there is a tremendous growing interest in utilizing the tandem/multijunction technique. Recently, III-V materials integration on a silicon substrate has been broadly investigated in the development of III-V on Si tandem solar cells. Numerous growth techniques such as heteroepitaxial growth, wafer bonding, and mechanical stacking are crucial for better understanding of high-quality III-V epitaxial layers on Si. As the choice of growth method and substrate selection can significantly impact the quality and performance of the resulting tandem cell and the terminal configuration exhibit a vital role in the overall proficiency. Parallel and Series-connected configurations have been studied, each with its advantage and disadvantages depending on the application and cell configuration. The optimization of both growth mechanisms and terminal configurations is necessary to further improve efficiency and lessen the cost of III-V on Si tandem solar cells. In this review article, we present an overview of the growth mechanisms and terminal configurations with the areas of research that are crucial for the commercialization of III-V on Si tandem solar cells.
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Ashraf, Zaman,Alamgeer,,Rasool, Raqiqatur,Hassan, Mubashir,Ahsan, Haseeb,Afzal, Samina,Afzal, Khurram,Cho, Hongsik,Kim, Song Ja,Zhang, Ge,Lu, Aiping MDPI 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.17 No.12
<P>Dexibuprofen–antioxidant conjugates were synthesized with the aim to reduce its gastrointestinal effects. The esters analogs of dexibuprofen <B>5a</B>–<B>c</B> were obtained by reacting its –COOH group with chloroacetyl derivatives <B>3a</B>–<B>c</B>. The in vitro hydrolysis data confirmed that synthesized prodrugs <B>5a</B>–<B>c</B> were stable in stomach while undergo significant hydrolysis in 80% human plasma and thus release free dexibuprofen. The minimum reversion was observed at pH 1.2 suggesting that prodrugs are less irritating to stomach than dexibuprofen. The anti-inflammatory activity of <B>5c</B> (<I>p</I> < 0.001) is more significant than the parent dexibuprofen. The prodrug <B>5c</B> produced maximum inhibition (42.06%) of paw-edema against egg-albumin induced inflammation in mice. Anti-pyretic effects in mice indicated that prodrugs <B>5a</B> and <B>5b</B> showed significant inhibition of pyrexia (<I>p</I> < 0.001). The analgesic activity of <B>5a</B> is more pronounced compared to other synthesized prodrugs. The mean percent inhibition indicated that the prodrug <B>5a</B> was more active in decreasing the number of writhes induced by acetic acid than standard dexibuprofen. The ulcerogenic activity results assured that synthesized prodrugs produce less gastrointestinal adverse effects than dexibuprofen. The ex vivo antiplatelet aggregation activity results also confirmed that synthesized prodrugs are less irritant to gastrointestinal mucosa than the parent dexibuprofen. Molecular docking analysis showed that the prodrugs <B>5a</B>–<B>c</B> interacts with the residues present in active binding sites of target protein. The stability of drug–target complexes is verified by molecular dynamic simulation study. It exhibited that synthesized prodrugs formed stable complexes with the COX-2 protein thus support our wet lab results. It is therefore concluded that the synthesized prodrugs have promising pharmacological activities with reduced gastrointestinal adverse effects than the parent drug.</P>
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Ashraf, Zaman,Alamgeer,Kanwal, Munazza,Hassan, Mubashir,Abdullah, Sahar,Waheed, Mamuna,Ahsan, Haseeb,Kim, Song Ja Dove Medical Press 2016 Drug design, development and therapy Vol.10 No.-
<P>Flurbiprofen–antioxidant mutual prodrugs were synthesized to reduce the gastrointestinal (GI) effects associated with flurbiprofen. For reducing the GI toxicity, the free carboxylic group (–COOH) was temporarily masked by esterification with phenolic –OH of natural antioxidants vanillin, thymol, umbelliferone, and sesamol. The in vitro hydrolysis of synthesized prodrugs showed that they were stable in buffer solution at pH 1.2, indicating their stability in the stomach. The synthesized prodrugs undergo significant hydrolysis in 80% human plasma and thus release free flurbiprofen. The minimum reversion was observed at pH 1.2, suggesting that prodrugs are less irritating to the stomach than flurbiprofen. The anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, and ulcerogenic activities of prodrugs were evaluated. All the synthesized prodrugs significantly (<I>P</I><0.001) reduced the inflammation against carrageenan and egg albumin-induced paw edema at 4 hours of study. The reduction in the size of the inflamed paw showed that most of the compounds inhibited the later phase of inflammation. The prodrug 2-oxo-2<I>H</I>-chromen-7-yl-2-(2-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)propanoate (<B>4b</B>) showed significant reduction in paw licking with percentage inhibition of 58%. It also exhibited higher analgesic activity, reducing the number of writhes with a percentage of 75%, whereas flurbiprofen showed 69% inhibition. Antipyretic activity was investigated using brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia model, and significant (<I>P</I><0.001) reduction in rectal temperature was shown by all prodrugs at all times of assessment. The results of ulcerogenic activity showed that all prodrugs produced less GI irritation than flurbiprofen. Molecular docking and simulation studies were carried out with cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) proteins, and it was observed that our prodrugs have more potential to selectively bind to COX-2 than to COX-1. It is concluded that the synthesized prodrugs have promising pharmacological activities with reduced GI adverse effects than the parent drug.</P>
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