Comparative Histopathological Characterization of Prostate Cancer in Saudi Patients by Conventional and 2005 ISUP Modified Gleason Systems

Al Suhaibani, Entissar Sulaiman,Kizilbash, Nadeem Abbas,Al Beladi, Fatima Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.24

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the characterization of prostate cancer using the conventional and 2005 ISUP modified Gleason systems. Materials and Methods: The study employed samples from 40 prostate cancer patients with resection, biopsy and RP materials. The majority of cases (95%) comprised adenocarcinoma of the prostate with a modified combined Gleason score of 7 in 20 of the cases (50%). Results: Upgrading of Gleason scores to a score of 7 occurred in more than 45% of the cases. Conclusion: The study successfully showed that by the use of the 2005 ISUP modified Gleason system, score 6 cancers decreased from 25% to 17.5% of cases, whereas score 7 cancers increased from 45% to 50%.

Wet Cupping — Traditional Hijamah Technique versus Asian Cupping Technique in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial

Sulaiman M. Al-Eidi,Ashry Gad Mohamed,Raid A. Abutalib,Abdullah M. AlBedah,Mohamed K.M. Khalil 사단법인약침학회 2019 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.12 No.6

To evaluate the feasibility of comparing the effect of the traditional Hijamah and the Asian wet cupping techniques in the management of patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP), a randomized clinical trial comparing traditional and Asian wet cupping techniques for CLBP was conducted in two secondary care hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Seventy eligible participants with CLBP were randomized to receive one session of wet cupping using either Asian technique (34 patients) or traditional Hijamah technique (36 patients). Cupping was performed at four sites of the bilateral bladder meridian (BL23, BL24, and BL25). The numeric rating scale, Present Pain Intensity, and Oswestry Disability Questionnaire scores were measured immediately after intervention, at seven days, and 14 days after intervention. In both groups, there was a significant decrease in the numeric rating scale, Present Pain Intensity, and Oswestry Disability Questionnaire scores, immediately after intervention, at seven days, and 14 days after intervention. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups across all the outcome measures up to 14 days after intervention. The study did not show a superiority of one technique compared with the other. Longer follow-up periods and more than one cupping session may be needed to evaluate the difference, if any, between both the techniques. Trial Registration: NCT02012205.

Microorganism penetration in dentinal tubules of instrumented and retreated root canal walls. In vitro SEM study

Al-Nazhan, Saad,Al-Sulaiman, Alaa,Al-Rasheed, Fellwa,Alnajjar, Fatimah,Al-Abdulwahab, Bander,Al-Badah, Abdulhakeem The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2014 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.39 No.4

Objectives: This in vitro study aimed to investigate the ability of Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) to penetrate dentinal tubules of instrumented and retreated root canal surface of split human teeth. Materials and Methods: Sixty intact extracted human single-rooted teeth were divided into 4 groups, negative control, positive control without canal instrumentation, instrumented, and retreated. Root canals in the instrumented group were enlarged with endodontic instruments, while root canals in the retreated group were enlarged, filled, and then removed the canal filling materials. The teeth were split longitudinally after canal preparation in 3 groups except the negative control group. The teeth were inoculated with both microorganisms separately and in combination. Teeth specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the depth of penetration into the dentinal tubules was assessed using the SMILE view software (JEOL Ltd). Results: Penetration of C. albicans and E. faecalis into the dentinal tubules was observed in all 3 groups, although penetration was partially restricted by dentin debris of tubules in the instrumented group and remnants of canal filling materials in the retreated group. In all 3 groups, E. faecalis penetrated deeper into the dentinal tubules by way of cell division than C. albicans which built colonies and penetrated by means of hyphae. Conclusions: Microorganisms can easily penetrate dentinal tubules of root canals with different appearance based on the microorganism size and status of dentinal tubules.

Influence of toluene–tetramethylbenzene transalkylation on heavy aromatics conversion to xylenes

Sulaiman S. Al-Khattaf,Syed A. Ali,Mogahid S. Osman,Abdullah M. Aitani 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.21 No.1

Transalkylation of toluene–tetramethylbenzene (TeMB) over MOR and BEA was investigated at 250–400 8C. Conversion of TeMB was higher than trimethylbenzene (TMB) and toluene. Xylene yield was inthe following order: ½toluene TMB TeMB >½toluene TeMB >½toluene TMB ½toluene . Kineticmodeling for reaction network consisting of toluene–TeMB transalkylation; toluene disproportionation;and toluene–TMB transalkylation was carried out. Toluene–TeMB transalkylation rate was >50% higherthan the toluene–TMB transalkylation while the toluene disproportionation was an order of magnitudeslower than transalkylation reactions. An addition of 5–10 wt.% TeMBs to the heavy reformate causedminor impact on the xylene yield but an improvement in xylene selectivity.

Synergistic effect of pretreatment and hydrolysis enzymes on the production of fermentable sugars from date palm lignocellulosic waste

Sulaiman Al-Zuhair,Khalda Ahmed,Ashir Abdulrazak,Muftah H. El-Naas 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.2

The sequential addition of the enzymes, laccase for lignin degrading, followed by xylanase for hemicelluloses hydrolysis, then cellulase for cellulose hydrolysis, was compared to the synergistic action of using the three enzymes together. It was shown that the reducing sugars yield increased from 5.6%using cellulase only to 45.6% by pretreatment with laccase and xylanase, prior to the enzymatic hydrolysis. A higher conversion of 60% was achieved by using the three enzymes together for the same incubation period. The proposed synergistic enzymes approach is a simpler and less energy intensive alternative compared to the conventional lignocelluloses pretreatment techniques.

Linear and Nonlinear Behavior of Steel Buildings with Different Bracing Systems

Sulaiman Al-Safi,Ibrahim Alameri,Waleed Abdullah Wasel,Amjad Basheer Al-kadasi 한국강구조학회 2021 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.21 No.2

In this study, the eff ects of wind and seismic loads on 5, 10, and 15 story steel buildings with diff erent bracing systems were investigated. Linear static and nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed to assess the base shear, base moment, and story drift for all bracing systems. In addition, the cost analysis was taken into consideration. Five structural confi gurations were used: V-bracing, inverted V-bracing, one-story X-bracing, and multistory X-bracing. One of the most important features of a building is lateral stiff ness, which defi nes the resistance to displacement under seismic and wind loads, at the same time, the lateral stiff ness has a major impact on the natural time of the structure. Reducing displacement and cost in the structures indicates that the design is safe and economical. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to fi nd the best bracing system that causes minimum displacement, which indicates maximum lateral stiff ness. From this point of view, the behavior of bracing systems exposed to wind and seismic loads in buildings with diff erent stories was investigated. Static linear analysis results showed that the best bracing systems to reduce lateral displacement were the one-story X-bracing system for 5 and 15 story buildings and the V-bracing system for 10 story buildings. On the other hand, nonlinear dynamic analysis results showed that lateral displacement was minimum in unbraced, V-bracing, and one-story X-bracing systems for 5, 10, and 15 stories, respectively.

Microorganism penetration in dentinal tubules of instrumented and retreated root canal walls. In vitro SEM study

Saad Al-Nazhan,Alaa Al-Sulaiman,Fellwa Al-Rasheed,Fatimah Alnajjar,Bander Al-Abdulwahab,Abdulhakeem Al-Badah 대한치과보존학회 2014 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.39 No.4

Objectives: This in vitro study aimed to investigate the ability of Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) to penetrate dentinal tubules of instrumented and retreated root canal surface of split human teeth. Materials and Methods: Sixty intact extracted human single-rooted teeth were divided into 4 groups, negative control, positive control without canal instrumentation, instrumented, and retreated. Root canals in the instrumented group were enlarged with endodontic instruments, while root canals in the retreated group were enlarged, filled, and then removed the canal filling materials. The teeth were split longitudinally after canal preparation in 3 groups except the negative control group. The teeth were inoculated with both microorganisms separately and in combination. Teeth specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the depth of penetration into the dentinal tubules was assessed using the SMILE view software (JEOL Ltd). Results: Penetration of C. albicans and E. faecalis into the dentinal tubules was observed in all 3 groups, although penetration was partially restricted by dentin debris of tubules in the instrumented group and remnants of canal filling materials in the retreated group. In all 3 groups, E. faecalis penetrated deeper into the dentinal tubules by way of cell division than C. albicans which built colonies and penetrated by means of hyphae. Conclusions: Microorganisms can easily penetrate dentinal tubules of root canals with different appearance based on the microorganism size and status of dentinal tubules.

Evaluation of partial discharge resistance of insulating sheets produced in Saudi Arabia under alternating stress

A.A. Al-Sulaiman 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2012 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.13 No.S1

This paper deals with the comparison of partial discharge (PD) characteristics of three kinds of insulating sheets produced by the local industry in Saudi Arabia; namely polycarbonate (PC), poly-methylmetacrylate (PMMA) and phenoplast resin (Bakelite). These were exposed to PDs under the IEC (b) electrode system, and the comparison was judged by the discharge onset; discharge propagation area, PD magnitude, surface erosion and elemental analysis of eroded zones. Results show that PD inception voltage is inversely proportional to the sample’s relative permittivity. For higher permittivity samples, the eroded area under a constant voltage is larger, while PD activity is also augmented significantly. The erosion depth was found to be deeper in Bakelite. In this case, the scanning electron microscope images show a larger concentration of scattered debris of the base material on the eroded area. Whereas, EDX elemental analysis of these areas exhibits presence of the native matrix for PC and PMMA sheets, a large content of copper and zinc was found on the Bakelite sheet, which also displays the erosion of the electrode.

Skin Segmentation Using YUV and RGB Color Spaces

Al-Tairi, Zaher Hamid,Rahmat, Rahmita Wirza,Saripan, M. Iqbal,Sulaiman, Puteri Suhaiza Korea Information Processing Society 2014 Journal of information processing systems Vol.10 No.2

Skin detection is used in many applications, such as face recognition, hand tracking, and human-computer interaction. There are many skin color detection algorithms that are used to extract human skin color regions that are based on the thresholding technique since it is simple and fast for computation. The efficiency of each color space depends on its robustness to the change in lighting and the ability to distinguish skin color pixels in images that have a complex background. For more accurate skin detection, we are proposing a new threshold based on RGB and YUV color spaces. The proposed approach starts by converting the RGB color space to the YUV color model. Then it separates the Y channel, which represents the intensity of the color model from the U and V channels to eliminate the effects of luminance. After that the threshold values are selected based on the testing of the boundary of skin colors with the help of the color histogram. Finally, the threshold was applied to the input image to extract skin parts. The detected skin regions were quantitatively compared to the actual skin parts in the input images to measure the accuracy and to compare the results of our threshold to the results of other's thresholds to prove the efficiency of our approach. The results of the experiment show that the proposed threshold is more robust in terms of dealing with the complex background and light conditions than others.

Modelling CO₂ and NO<SUB>x</SUB> on signalized roundabout using modified adaptive neural fuzzy inference system model

Ghassan Sulaiman,Mohammad K. Younes,Ghassan A. Al-Dulaimi 대한환경공학회 2018 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.23 No.1

Air quality and pollution have recently become a major concern; vehicle emissions significantly pollute the air, especially in large and crowded cities. There are various factors that affect vehicle emissions; this research aims to find the most influential factors affecting CO₂ and NOx emissions using Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) as well as a systematic approach. The modified ANFIS (MANFIS) was developed to enhance modelling and Root Mean Square Error was used to evaluate the model performance. The results show that percentages of CO₂ from trucks represent the best input combination to model. While for NOx modelling, the best pair combination is the vehicle delay and percentage of heavy trucks. However, the final MANFIS structure involves two inputs, three membership functions and nine rules. For CO₂ modelling the triangular membership function is the best, while for NOx the membership function is two-sided Gaussian.