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Features of Fatal Truck Accidents Compared with Sedans
Oikawa Shoko,Matsui Yasuhiro,Kubota Naoyuki,Aomura Shigeru,Sorimachi Kazuhiro,Imanishi Akira,Fujimura Takeshi 한국자동차공학회 2021 International journal of automotive technology Vol.22 No.4
This study clarified the features of fatal truck–pedestrian and truck–cyclist accidents by a comparison with sedans. Fatal accident data from the Japanese Institute Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis (ITARDA) database were analyzed for the years 2012 ~ 2016. The trucks were classified into three categories: heavy-, medium-, and light-duty. All three categories had higher percentages of pedestrians as fatal collision partners as opposed to cyclists. Every truck category had significantly higher percentages of pedestrian fatalities due to daytime right turns than sedans. Heavy-duty trucks had significantly higher percentages of cyclist fatalities due to daytime and nighttime left turns than sedans. These results show that the design specifications for new sensing technology to avoid collisions with pedestrians and cyclists should differ among vehicle types. The knowledge obtained in this study will be useful to develop new technology or systems that are effective in dangerous situations between trucks and pedestrians or cyclists.
Oikawa Shoko,Matsui Yasuhiro,Kubota Naoyuki,Aomura Shigeru,Sorimachi Kazuhiro,Imanishi Akira,Fujimura Takeshi 한국자동차공학회 2023 International journal of automotive technology Vol.24 No.2
This study attempts to clarify the characteristics of light-duty truck collision accidents involving pedestrians during right-turn maneuvers by analyzing actual pedestrian accident data in Japan. Evidence differences were observed between the daytime and nighttime. The number of injured and fatal pedestrians during the day was larger than that during the night. The rate of vehicle travel velocity ≤ 10 km/h in the daytime (47.0 %) was significantly higher than that in the nighttime (39.2 %), whereas the rate of vehicle travel velocity ≤ 20 km/h in the nighttime (52.7 %) was significantly higher than that in the daytime (46.9 %). The highest rate in the daytime was presented for the age group of 13 ~ 64 years in minor injuries (54.1 %) and for those 75 years or older in serious injuries (47.5 %) and fatalities (64.3 %). For pedestrian crossing directions on the crosswalk, the pedestrian crossing from the forward left-side corner to the right-side corner exhibited the highest percentage in the daytime (39.2 %), and the opposite direction of crossing from the right-side corner to the forward left-side corner exhibited the highest percentage in the nighttime (39.6 %). The characteristics obtained in this study will contribute to the development and evaluation of advanced safety systems that are specialized for right-turning maneuvers of light-duty trucks.
( Toshiaki Suzuki ),( Reina Ohba ),( Ei Kataoka ),( Yui Kudo ),( Akira Zeniya ),( Daisuke Segawa ),( Keisuke Oikawa ),( Masaru Odashima ),( Taiji Saga ),( Tomoyuki Kuramitsu ),( Hideaki Sasahara ),( K 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2022 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.28 No.1
Background/Aims Gastric acid secretion is suspected to be a pivotal contributor to the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia. The present study investigates the potential association of the gastric acid secretion estimated by measuring serum pepsinogen with therapeutic responsiveness to the prokinetic drug acotiamide. Methods Dyspeptic patients consulting participating clinics from October 2017 to March 2019 were prospectively enrolled in the study. The dyspeptic symptoms were classified into postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) and epigastric pain syndrome (EPS). Gastric acid secretion levels were estimated by the Helicobacter pylori infection status and serum pepsinogen using established criteria and classified into hypo-, normo-, and hyper-secretion. Each patient was then administered 100 mg acotiamide thrice daily for 4 weeks, and the response rate to the treatment was evaluated using the overall treatment efficacy scale. Results Of the 86 enrolled patients, 56 (65.1%) and 26 (30.2%) were classified into PDS and EPS, respectively. The estimated gastric acid secretion was not significantly different between PDS and EPS. The response rates were 66.0% for PDS and 73.1% for EPS, showing no significant difference. While the response rates were stable, ranging from 61.0% to 75.0% regardless of the estimated gastric acid secretion level among subjects with PDF, the rates were significantly lower in hyper-secretors than in non-hyper-secretors among subjects with EPS (42.0% vs 83.0%, P = 0.046). Conclusion Although acotiamide is effective for treating EPS as well as PDS overall, the efficacy is somewhat limited in EPS with gastric acid hypersecretion, with gastric acid suppressants, such as proton pump inhibitors, being more suitable. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022;28:53-61)
Yoshinori Hayakawa,Zhongrui Duan,Miki Yadake,Yasuyo Yamaoka,Rie Inatsugi,Yuki Fujiki,Akira Oikawa,Kazuki Saito,Ikuo Nishida 한국식물학회 2015 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.58 No.3
The apetala3 (ap3)-like homeotic mutation (ap3-HM) is recognized among pD991-AP3-derived Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA-tagged lines carrying the -448 to +47 region of AP3 in their T-DNA. In the corresponding mutant lines for CTP:phosphorylcholine cytidylyltransferase genes, cct1-1 and cct2 (Inatsugi et al. 2009), some flowers of cct1-1 (F4) and many flowers of cct1-1 cct2 (F3) showed ap3-HM, and all flowers of cct1-1 (F5) and cct1-1 cct2 (F4) became increasingly homeotic. In contrast, cct2 flowers were normal for all generations tested. These results demonstrated that ap3-HM is linked to the cct1-1 allele and is enhanced by the cct2 allele. The ap3-HM in cct mutants was inversely correlated with AP3 transcript levels in enriched flower buds. Bisulfite sequencing revealed severe methylation within endogenous AP3 promoter regions in cct1-1 (F3; -317 to -2) and cct1-1 cct2 (F3; -473 to -2), but wild-type (Wassilevskaja) and cct2 plants showed no corresponding methylation. The ap3-HM in cct1-1 cct2 mutants was fully rescued by expressing a PISTILLATA promoter–AP3 construct, and was better alleviated in the F1 offspring of a cross with the CCT1-overexpressing mutant cct1-2 (Columbia) than with the wild type. We discuss possible links between expression of CCT and suppression of ap3-HM.
Kim, Jiyoung,Choi, Jung Nam,John, K. M. Maria,Kusano, Miyako,Oikawa, Akira,Saito, Kazuki,Lee, Choong Hwan American Chemical Society 2012 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.60 No.38
<P>Metabolic changes in fast-fermented bean paste (cheonggukjang) as a function of fermentation time were observed in inoculated Bacillus strains using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC–TOF-MS)- and capillary electrophoresis TOF-MS (CE–TOF-MS)-based metabolomics techniques. From the combined GC–MS and CE–MS analysis of fermented cheonggukjang samples, 123 metabolites were recovered (55% by GC–MS and 45% by CE–MS). Multivariate statistical analysis of fermented cheonggukjang samples showed that the separation of metabolites was influenced by the fermentation period (range, 0–72 h) and not by strain. When comparing the metabolites of fermented cheonggukjang with the metabolic pathways, uracil and thymine contents showed a rapid 20-fold increase after 24 h fermentation up to the end of fermentation. Xanthine and adenine levels increased slightly from 24 to 48 h fermentation and then decreased slightly at the end of fermentation. Hypoxanthine and guanine levels also increased remarkably during fermentation. Purine metabolism differed according to the microorganism used for cheonggukjang fermentation. Most intermediates in nucleoside biosynthesis were detected by CE–TOF-MS and were related to amino acid metabolism.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jafcau/2012/jafcau.2012.60.issue-38/jf302833y/production/images/medium/jf-2012-02833y_0006.gif'></P>