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Rie Saito,JaeIck JO,Kazuki SEKINÉ,배연재,Koji TOJO 한국곤충학회 2016 Entomological Research Vol.46 No.4
We investigated the molecular phylogeny of isonychiid mayflies inhabiting the East Palearctic region, Isonychia (Isonychia) japonica, Isonychia (Isonychia) ignota, Isonychia (Isonychia) ussurica and Isonychia (Prinoides) shima. We discuss their genetic structures, phylogeny and phylogeography. We collected a total of 100 specimens of isonychiid mayfly species from 47 localities of the Northeast Palearctic region (the Japanese archipelago, the Korean peninsula, the Russian Far East and Mongolia). We analyzed the DNA sequences at the mtDNA COI and 16S rRNA regions, and the nuDNA Histone H3 region. As a result of our genetic analyses of the four Northeast Palearctic isonychiid mayflies, their monophyly at the species level was supported by both the mtDNA (COI and 16S rRNA regions) and the nuDNA (Histone H3 region). In addition, it also became clear that significantly large genetic differentiation exists at the inter‐species level; thus, the relationship of “shima + (japonica + (ignota + ussurica))” is supported. Among the four isonychiid mayflies of the Northeast Palearctic area, I. (P.) shima was shown to be a basal‐most linage within the included species
Recent advances of metabolomics in plant biotechnology
Yozo Okazaki,Kazuki Saito 한국식물생명공학회 2012 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.6 No.1
Biotechnology, including genetic modification, is a very important approach to regulate the production of particular metabolites in plants to improve their adaptation to environmental stress, to improve food quality, and to increase crop yield. Unfortunately, these approaches do not necessarily lead to the expected results due to the highly complex mechanisms underlying metabolic regulation in plants. In this context, metabolomics plays a key role in plant molecular biotechnology, where plant cells are modified by the expression of engineered genes, because we can obtain information on the metabolic status of cells via a snapshot of their metabolome. Although metabolome analysis could be used to evaluate the effect of foreign genes and understand the metabolic state of cells, there is no single analytical method for metabolomics because of the wide range of chemicals synthesized in plants. Here, we describe the basic analytical advancements in plant metabolomics and bioinformatics and the application of metabolomics to the biological study of plants.
Ultrasonic Investigation of the Eu-based Intermetallic System EuZn₂Ge₂
Shinya Kudo,Kazuki Saito,Takuto Sato,Mitsuteru Nakamura,Masahito Yoshizawa,Kazuhei Wakiya,Yoshiki Nakanishi,Hikaru Hirabayashi,Shinji Michimura,Masashi Kosaka 한국물리학회 2023 새물리 Vol.73 No.12
In this study, an elastic property of EuZn₂Ge₂ with the tetragonal ThCr₂Si₂-type structure has been investigated by ultrasonic measurements. Elastic constants C<SUB>33</SUB> and C<SUB>44</SUB> were measured as a function of temperature and magnetic _eld applied along the [001] direction. A previous study reported that EuZn₂Ge₂ exhibited three magnetic phase transitions at T<SUB>N1</SUB> = 14.9 K, T<SUB>N2</SUB> = 8.4 K, and T<SUB>t</SUB> = 5 K. We found that an elastic anomaly appeared in the temperature dependence of both of C<SUB>33</SUB> and C<SUB>44</SUB> at T<SUB>N2</SUB>. On the other hand, the corresponding anomaly was hardly visible at T<SUB>N1</SUB> and T<SUB>t</SUB>. These results suggest that a magneto-elastic coupling at T<SUB>N2</SUB> may be relatively large compared with those at T<SUB>N1</SUB> and T<SUB>t</SUB>.
Juichi Takizawa,Kazuki Kobayashi,Yasunori Saito 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
A new method that is possible to select the required image from streaming video images is proposed. Acceleration data of 3 axes were collected together with images, and they could offer information about camera direction corresponding to the required image. Mean value of acceleration data in each axis and its standard deviation were used as indices to decide camera direction. Precision of finding a correct image was about 25 %. Introducing this imaging technique to agricultural management is discussed.
Yuto Shoji,Hirokazu Madokoro,Stephanie Nix,Kazuki Saruta,Takashi K. Saito,Kazuhito Sato 제어로봇시스템학회 2022 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.11
The number of accidents involving pedestrians and bicyclists has been reported to be about 1.8 times higher on narrow roads than on arterial roads in Japan. We consider investigating the circumstances under which accidents occur on narrow roads to be an important research task. Statistics from the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department indicate that the number of traffic accident fatalities in winter is relatively high. We used a Driving Simulator (DS) in order to safely perform sensing on roads that replicate a local city in a heavy snowfall region. Brain activity during driving was measured using a portable functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) device. We used a machine-learning algorithm for analyzing time-series datasets to demonstrate differences in brain activity across driving events. We classified subjects into four groups based on the results of questionnaires that assessed their driving characteristics. Experimentally obtained results demonstrated that Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) changes that represent increased brain activity were greater in winter than in summer for each event. We infer that the winter events had a larger impact on the drivers.
Readiness Estimation for a Take-Over Request in Automated Driving on an Expressway
Ryohei Suzuki,Hirokazu Madokoro,Stephanie Nix,Kazuki Saruta,Takashi K. Saito,Kazuhito Sato 제어로봇시스템학회 2022 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.11
Automated driving is attracting attention as a solution to road traffic problems. At Level 3, a take-over request (TOR) is issued to transfer driving operations from the system to a driver when it is unable to continue. In such cases, the driver must be monitored to ensure a proper takeover of the driving operations. This study aims to measure drivers’ brain activity before and after the TOR by analyzing time-series signals of brain activity with machine learning algorithms. We developed driving scenarios with a TOR trigger on a rainy expressway at night. We used a portable functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device to measure cerebral blood oxygenation changes (ΔHbO) at the frontal pole. We used a long short-term memory (LSTM) network on this data for time-series learning and prediction after multivariate and multilayering modifications to improve accuracy. We conducted driving questionnaires beforehand and used two classification methods to categorize subjects into several groups with similar driving characteristics. Experimental results of a ΔHbO drop revealed that brain activity tended to decrease during automated driving. Moreover, success in obstacle avoidance and mean squared error (MSE) for each driver group demonstrated that the behavior toward an obstacle after the TOR trigger influenced changes in brain activity.
Masafumi Kobune,Hisashi Oshima,Akihiro Tamura,Kazuki Imagawa,Yusuke Daiko,Atsushi Mineshige,Tetsuo Yazawa,Hitoshi Morioka,Keisuke Saito,Hideshi Yamaguchi,Koichiro Honda 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.31
a- and b-axis-oriented (Bi_(3.25)Nd_(0.75))Ti_3O_(12) films, 3.0 mm thick, were fabricated on conductive IrO_2(101)/Al_2O_3(012) and Nb:TiO_2(101) [Nb = 0, 0.05 and 0.79 mass%] substrates by high-temperature sputtering. A BNT film grown on an IrO_2(101)/Al_2O_3(012) substrate had a low crystallinity (2.83˚), a low degree of a- and b-axis orientations [a_((h00/0k0)) = 49.2%] and a dense microstructure that a- and b-axis-oriented crystals existed locally in the film, while a BNT film grown on Nb:TiO_2(101) substrate with 0.79 mass% Nb showed a high crystallinity (0.57˚), a high a_((h00/0k0)) (99.9%) and a porous microstructure that was comprised of many nanoplate-like crystals. It is shown that the BNT film grew with a heteroepitaxial relationship to the underlying Nb:TiO_2 substrate has a symmetric loop shape, with a remanent polarization (2P_r) of 29 mC/cm^2 and a coercive field (2E_c) of 297 kV/cm.
Tomoaki Okuda,Weidong Jing,Katsutomo Saito,Takuma Okamoto,Hibiki Saito,Kazuki Sugimoto,Chiharu Nishita-Hara,Keiichiro Hara,Masahiko Hayashi,Shuichi Hasegawa 한국대기환경학회 2022 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.16 No.2
The valence state and concentration of metallic pollutants are important factors contributing to the health effects of respirable particulate matter (PM); however, they have not been well studied. In this study, coarse and fine powder samples of atmospheric PM were collected using a cyclone system at Kanagawa (KO), Saitama (SA), and Fukuoka (FU) in Japan in 2017. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF) was used to measure the concentrations of nine metallic elements (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb), and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy was used to analyze the valence states of target elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn). The EDXRF results indicated that the average contents of Fe, Ti, and Zn were much higher than those of the other six elements in all samples. The XAFS results showed that the major valence states of the elements were Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Cu(II), and Zn(II). The percentages of Mn(IV), Fe(II), and Cu(0) were higher in KO and SA samples than in FU samples. Mn(0) and Zn(0) were detected in some samples only, and Cu(I) was not detected in any samples. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis were performed on the EDXRF and XAFS data of the target elements. The source identification results showed that the sources of metal contaminants in the samples varied considerably between sampling sites and depended on the industrial structure and geographical location of the sampling area. Our findings on the different valence states of the elements may be important for determining the toxicity of PM at different locations.
Perspective: functional genomics towards new biotechnology in medicinal plants
Mami Yamazaki,Amit Rai,Naoko Yoshimoto,Kazuki Saito 한국식물생명공학회 2018 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.12 No.2
The secret of chemical diversity and function of specialized metabolites in medicinal plants will be unveiled by study of functional genomics at an unprecedentedly rapid rate in the coming years. This is mostly ascribed to the remarkable advancement in the high-throughput DNA sequencing together with other omics technologies such as metabolomics, in particular, due to drastic reduction in the cost of acquiring, storing and analyzing massive omics datasets. Once the genes involved in a biosynthetic pathway of specialized compounds in plants are elucidated, synthetic biology or genome editing can be applied to produce the target compounds in an engineered organism or to manipulate the pathway in planta. Coupled with these advancements in pathway elucidation approaches, modern plant biotechnology strategies are bound to significantly contribute to the sustainable development goals set by United Nations.