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How to Apply Tricky Biological Mechanisms to Agricultural and Industrial Production
(Akio Kobayashi 한국응용생명화학회 2000 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.43 No.4
By the end of the 21st century, the world population will surely far exceed the current 6.6 billion, threatening the essential requirements for life due to environmental deterioration and shortened food supply. To overcome this looming threat, we must deve
How to Apply Tricky Biological Mechanisms to Agricultural and Industrial Production
Kobayashi, Akio 한국응용생명화학회 2000 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.43 No.4
By the end of the $21^st$ century, the world population will surely far exceed the current 6.6 billion, threatening the essential requirements for life due to environmental deterioration and shortened food supply. To overcome this looming threat, we must develop new biotechnologies. There are so many known natural phenomena that we may have neglected, not perceiving them as blessings of nature. Many more remain unknown. We must examine each of them carefully since the many tricky and complicated mechanisms behind simple natural workings could provide us with attractive research targets. How then do we apply these complicated natural mechanisms to agricultural/ industrial production?.
Tectona grandis Callus Produces Antibacterial Triterpene Acids Not Detected in the Intact Plant
Marwani, Erly,Kobayashi, Akio,Kajiyama, Shin-ichiro,Fukusaki, Eiichiro,Nitoda, Teruhiko,Kanzaki, Hiroshi,Kawazu, Kazuyoshi The Korean Society of Pharmacognosy 1997 Natural Product Sciences Vol.3 No.1
Preliminary antibacterial assay data that the Tectona grandis callus extract showed more antibacterial activity against E. coli and B. subtilis than the leaf extract led the authors to isolate the following antibacterial compounds from the callus. A mixture (3) of $2{\alpha},3{\beta}-dihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic$ acid (3a) and $2{\alpha},3{\beta}-dihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic$ acid (3b) exhibited the most potent antibacterial activity against both bacteria. The other 3 compounds, in the decreasing order of the activity, were identified as $2{\alpha},3{\beta}-dihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic$ acid (2), betulinic acid (1), and $2{\alpha},3{\alpha}$,23-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (4). The antibacterial compounds (2, 3a, 3b and 4) were not detected or occurring in small quantities in the intact tissue, while they were observed in the callus. Only the less active compound 1 was present more abundantly in intact tissues than the callus.
Variety of the Wave Change in Compound Muscle Action Potential in an Animal Model
Zenya Ito,Shiro Imagama,Kei Ando,Akio Muramoto,Kazuyoshi Kobayashi,Tetsuro Hida,Kenyu Ito,Yoshimoto Ishikawa,Mikito Tsushima,Akiyuki Matsumoto,Satoshi Tanaka,Masayoshi Morozumi,Yukihiro Matsuyama,Naok 대한척추외과학회 2015 Asian Spine Journal Vol.9 No.6
Study Design: Animal study. Purpose: To review the present warning point criteria of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and investigate new criteria for spinal surgery safety using an animal model. Overview of Literature: Little is known about correlation palesis and amplitude of spinal cord monitoring. Methods: After laminectomy of the tenth thoracic spinal lamina, 2–140 g force was delivered to the spinal cord with a tension gage to create a bilateral contusion injury. The study morphology change of the CMAP wave and locomotor scale were evaluated for one month. Results: Four different types of wave morphology changes were observed: no change, amplitude decrease only, morphology change only, and amplitude and morphology change. Amplitude and morphology changed simultaneously and significantly as the injury force increased (p <0.05) Locomotor scale in the amplitude and morphology group worsened more than the other groups. Conclusions: Amplitude and morphology change of the CMAP wave exists and could be the key of the alarm point in CMAP.
Progressive Relapse of Ligamentum Flavum Ossification Following Decompressive Surgery
Kei Ando,Shiro Imagama,Zenya Ito,Kazuyoshi Kobayashi,Junichi Ukai,Akio Muramoto,Ryuichi Shinjo,Tomohiro Matsumoto,Hiroaki Nakashima,Naoki Ishiguro 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.6
Thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (T-OLF) is a relatively rare spinal disorder that generally requires surgical intervention, due to its progressive nature and the poor response to conservative therapy. The prevalence of OLF has been reported at 3.8%–26%, which is similar to that of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). The progression of OPLL after cervical laminoplasty for the treatment of OPLL is often shown in long-term follow-up. However, there have been no reports on the progression of OLF following surgery. We report a case of thoracic myelopathy secondary to the progressive relapse of OLF following laminectomy.