Exploiting the Potentials of Rice Husk Ash as Supplement in Cement for Construction in Nigeria

Akindahunsi, Akindehinde Ayotunde,Alade, Oluwotosin Korea Concrete Institute 2010 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.4 No.1

This paper present the results of investigation on the use of rice husk ash as a partial substitute for cement in construction. One hundred and eighty specimens of concrete cubes were cast. 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% partial replacement of cement with rice husk ash were carried at 1:2:4 mixes by weight with 0.60, 0.65, 0.70 water/cement ratio. The results indicated that compressive strengths of cubes at 0.6, water/cement were higher than 0.65 and 0.70. Also 5% partial replacement cement with rice husk ash at $28^{th}$ day average compressive strength value of $25.4\;N/mm^2$ compared well with 0% partial replacement of cement with rice husk ash of $26.28\;N/mm^2$. This shows that at 5% partial replacement of cement with rice husk ash can be used for structural concrete and at 15% replacement or more it can be used for non - structural construction works or light weight concrete construction. The cost analysis shows substantial amount of savings for the country.

Strength and Durability Properties of Concrete with Starch Admixture

A. A. Akindahunsi,H. C. Uzoegbo 한국콘크리트학회 2015 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.9 No.3

This paper examines some properties of concrete, such as strength, oxygen permeability and sorptivity using starch [cassava (CA) and maize (MS)] as admixtures. Concrete cubes containing different percentages of the CA and MS by weight of cement (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 %) were cast. Compressive strength tests were carried out after 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 56, 90, 180, 270 and 365 days of curing. Oxygen permeability and sorptivity tests were carried out on another set of concrete specimens with the same percentages of starch at 7, 28, 90, 180, 270 and 365 days. Oxygen permeability and sorptivity tests data obtained were subjected to Kruskal Wallis one way analysis of variance by ranks. The strength increase after 1 year over the control for CA 0.5 and CA 1.0 are 2.7 and 3.8 % respectively, while MS 0.5 and MS 1.0 gave 1.5 % increase over control. These results showed a decrease in oxygen permeability and rates of sorptivity, with concretes containing starch as admixtures giving better performance than the control concretes.

Protective Effect of Some Tropical Vegetables Against CCl4 -Induced Hepatic Damage

S.O. Salawu,A.A. Akindahunsi 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.2

Nutritional Quality of Sandbox Tree (Hura crepitans Linn.)

M.A. Fowomola,A.A. Akindahunsi 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.1

Antinutrient, proximate, mineral, fatty acid, vitamin, and amino acid analyses of sandbox tree (Hura crepi-tans) seeds were carried out. The results of antinutrient analysis showed that H. crepitansseed contains alkaloid (5.0. 0.2mg/100 g), tannins (5.0. 0.3 mg/100 g), phytate (53.0. 6.0 mg/10 0g), cardiac glycoside (1890.0. 1.5 mg/100 g), andsaponin (2.2. 0.1 mg/100 g). Its trypsin inhibitor activity was found to be 30.27. 1.86 TIU/mg of protein. The results ofproximate analysis showed that H. crepitansseed is very rich in crude protein (25.16. 0.22%), crude oil (51.43. 0.22%),and energy content (2,621.891. 6.357 kJ/100 g). H. crepitansseed also contains 1.85 ppm Na, 3.4 ppm K, 0.088 ppm Ca,and trace amounts of Mg, Fe, and Zn. The results also showed that H. crepitansoil contains 20.12% oleic acid, followed bystearic acid (3.0%), while linoleic acid is present at the lowest level (0.03%) among the other acids. The Huraoil has a highsaponification value (127.16. 0.18 mg/g) and low acid value (3.56. 0.16 mg/g). The results also showed that the averagemolecular weight of glycerides is higher in the oil as reflected by the ester value (123.6. 0.73 mg/g). The iodine value ofHura oil was found to be 65.62. 0.73%. A low peroxide value (6.6. 0.2 mg/g) was observed in Hura oil. The resultsshowed that H. crepitansseed contains 328.1 IU of vitamin A/100 g, 0.398 mg of vitamin E/100 g, and 0.26 mg of vitaminK/100 g. The results also showed that H. crepitansseed is very rich in glutamate (14.41 g/100 g of protein) and deficient incysteine (0.78 g/100 g of protein). Among the essential amino acids, arginine has the highest value (5.97 g/100 g of protein).This is followed by leucine, at 4.16 g/100 g of protein. Therefore, H. crepitansseed is a nutritionally promising seed.

Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Potential of Two Nigerian Bitter Yams Using a Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion Model and Conventional Extraction

Salawu, Sule Ola,Ajiboye, Praise Blessing,Akindahunsi, Akintunde Afolabi,Boligon, Aline Augusti The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2017 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of yellow and white bitter yams from South Western Nigeria using methanolic extraction and simulated gastrointestinal digestion models. The phenolic compounds in the bitter yam varieties were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The total phenolic content of the bitter yams was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, reductive potential by assessing the ability of the bitter yam to reduce $FeCl_3$ solution, and the antioxidant activities were determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical ($DPPH^{\cdot}$) scavenging activity, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation ($ABTS^{{\cdot}+}$) scavenging activity, nitric oxide radical ($NO^{\cdot}$) scavenging ability, hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, and ability to inhibit $Fe^{2+}$-induced lipid oxidation. The HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of some phenolic compounds in the studied bitter yam varieties, with varying degree of quantitative changes after cooking. The antioxidant indices (total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, reducing power, $DPPH^{\cdot}$ scavenging activity, $ABTS^{{\cdot}+}$ scavenging activity, and $NO^{\cdot}$ scavenging activity) were higher in the simulated gastrointestinal digestion model compared to the methanolic extract, with the in vitro digested cooked white bitter yam ranking higher. Similarly, the in vitro digested yams had a higher inhibitory action against lipid oxidation compared to the methanolic extracts, with the cooked white bitter yam ranking high. The methanolic extracts and in vitro enzyme digests showed no acetylcholinesterase inhibitory abilities, while methanolic extracts and the in vitro enzyme digest displayed some level of butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. Therefore the studied bitter yams could be considered as possible health supplements.

Mineral Elements Bio-Accessibility and Antioxidant Indices of Blanched Basella rubra at Different Phases of in vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion

Sule Ola Salawu,Bukola Eugenia Olukemi,Ikuosho Charity Asikhia,Akintunde Afolabi Akindahunsi 한국식품영양과학회 2018 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.23 No.1

The present investigation was designed to evaluate the mineral element bio-accessibility and antioxidant indices of blanched Basella rubra at different phases of simulated in vitro digestion (oral, gastric, and intestinal). The phenolic composition of processed vegetable was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode-array detection method. Mineral composition, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and total antioxidant activity (TAA) of the in vitro digested blanched and raw vegetable were also determined. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of some phenolic compounds, with higher levels (mg/g) of polyphenols in raw B. rubra (catechin, 1.12; p-coumaric acid, 6.17; caffeic acid, 2.05) compared with the blanched counterpart, with exeption of chlorogenic acid (2.84), that was higher in blanched vegetable. The mineral content (mg/100 g) showed a higher value in enzyme treated raw vegetable compared to their blanched counterparts, with few exceptions. The results revealed a higher level of some of the evaluated minerals at the intestinal phase of digestion (Zn, 6.36/5.31; Mg, 5.29/8.97; Ca, 2,307.69/1,565.38; Na, 5,128/4,128.21) for raw and blanched respectively, with the exception of Fe, K, and P. The results of the antioxidant indices of in vitro digested B. rubra revealed a higher value at the intestinal phase of in vitro digestion, with raw vegetal matter ranking higher (TPC, 553.56 mg/g; TFC, 518.88 mg/g; FRAP, 8.15 mg/g; TAA, 5,043.16 μM Trolox equivalent/g) than the blanched counterpart. The studied vegetable contains important minerals and antioxidant molecules that would be readily available after passing through the gastrointestinal tract and could be harnessed as functional foods.

Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Potential of Two Nigerian Bitter Yams Using a Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion Model and Conventional Extraction

Sule Ola Salawu,Praise Blessing Ajiboye,Akintunde Afolabi Akindahunsi,Aline Augusti Boligon 한국식품영양과학회 2017 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of yellow and white bitter yams from South Western Nigeria using methanolic extraction and simulated gastrointestinal digestion models. The phenolic compounds in the bitter yam varieties were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The total phenolic content of the bitter yams was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, reductive potential by assessing the ability of the bitter yam to reduce FeCl₃ solution, and the antioxidant activities were determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·) scavenging activity, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS<SUP>·+</SUP>) scavenging activity, nitric oxide radical (NO<SUP>·</SUP>) scavenging ability, hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, and ability to inhibit Fe<SUP>2+</SUP>-induced lipid oxidation. The HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of some phenolic compounds in the studied bitter yam varieties, with varying degree of quantitative changes after cooking. The antioxidant indices (total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, reducing power, DPPH<SUP>·</SUP> scavenging activity, ABTS<SUP>·+</SUP> scavenging activity, and NO<SUP>·</SUP> scavenging activity) were higher in the simulated gastrointestinal digestion model compared to the methanolic extract, with the in vitro digested cooked white bitter yam ranking higher. Similarly, the in vitro digested yams had a higher inhibitory action against lipid oxidation compared to the methanolic extracts, with the cooked white bitter yam ranking high. The methanolic extracts and in vitro enzyme digests showed no acetylcholinesterase inhibitory abilities, while methanolic extracts and the in vitro enzyme digest displayed some level of butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. Therefore the studied bitter yams could be considered as possible health supplements.

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Effect of Parkia biglobosa Bark Extract on Mitochondrial Redox Status

Kayode Komolafe,Tolulope Mary Olaleye,Olaposi Idowu Omotuyi,Aline Augusti Boligon,Margareth Linde Athayde,Akintunde Afolabi Akindahunsi,Joao Batista Teixeira da Rocha 사단법인약침학회 2014 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.7 No.4

Aqueous-methanolic extract of Parkia biglobosa bark (PBB) was screened for its polyphe- nolic constituents, in vitro antioxidant activity, and effect on mitochondria redox status. The in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed by using the scavenging abilities and the reducing powers of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2 0 -azino-bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) diammonium salt radical cation against Fe 3þ . Subsequently, the ability of PBB to inhibit lipid peroxidation induced by FeSO 4 (10 mm) and its metal-chelating potential were investigated. The effects of the extract on basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and on the mitochondrial membrane potential (DJm) in isolated mitochondria were determined by using 2 0 , 7 0 -dichlorodihy- drofluorescin (DCFH) oxidation and safranin fluorescence, respectively. PBB mitigated the Fe(II)-induced lipid peroxidation in rat tissues and showed dose-dependent scav- enging of DPPH (IC 50 : 98.33 ± 10.0 mg/mL) and ABTS. (trolox equivalent antioxidant concentration, TEAC value = 0.05), with considerable ferric-reducing and moderate metal-chelating abilities. PBB caused slight decreases in both the liver and the brain mitochondria potentials and resulted in a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in DCFH oxida- tion. Screening for polyphenolics using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) revealed the presence of caffeic acid, gallic acid, catechin, epigalocatechin, rutin, and quercetin. These results demonstrate for the first time the considerable in vitro antioxidant activity and favorable effect of PBB on mito- chondria redox status and provide justification for the use of the plant in ethnomedicine.