Optimum design of FRP box-girder bridges

Akhil Upadhyay,V. Kalyanaraman 국제구조공학회 2010 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.35 No.5

Light weight superstructure is beneficial for bridges in remote areas and in emergency erection. In such weight sensitive applications, combination of fibre reinforced plastics (FRP) as material and box-girders as a structural system have great scope. This combination offers various options to tailor structure and its elements but this flexibility poses greater challenge in optimum design. In this paper a procedure is derived for a generalised optimum design of FRP box-girder bridges, using genetic algorithms (GA). The formulation of the optimum design problem in the form of objective function and constraints is presented. Size, configuration and topology optimization are done simultaneously. A few optimum design studies are carried out to check the performance of the developed procedure and to get trends in the optimum design which will be helpful to the new designers.

Cost effective biosynthetic approach for graphene exhibiting superior sonochemical dye removal capacity

Akhil Syed,Saeed Al Musawi Mahdi Jawad,Majety Syam Sundar,Mullamuri Bhanu,Majji Ganesh,Bharatiya Debasrita,Mosali Venkata Sai Sriram,Bollikolla Hari Babu,Chandu Basavaiah 한국탄소학회 2021 Carbon Letters Vol.31 No.6

Green synthesis of graphene using leaf extracts as sustainable reducing and capping agents is a thrust area of research owing to its simplicity, eco-friendly nature and the ease of access to graphene. Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) plant is widely cultivated in India owing to its important medicinal and nutritional values. Inspired by these reports, herein we report a simple, green and economic synthesis of graphene, Moringa leaf extract employed reduced graphene oxide (MRGO) with excellent dye removal efciencies. The MRGO is prepared by refuxing a mixture of aqueous dispersion of graphene oxide and Moringa leaf extract for 10 h. Further, we elucidated the role of synthesized MRGO in the removal of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RB) dyes through the sonochemical method. This as-synthesized material exhibited excellent dye removal efciencies of about 93% and 87% against MB and RB dyes, respectively. Graphene with huge surface area expedited the better adsorption of dye molecules, thus, facilitated the better removal of the latter. Therefore, the superior dye removal efciencies of MRGO were attributed to its adsorption capacity. This cost-efective synthetic approach of MRGO nanomaterial has a great potential for the innovative applications in water purifcation technology and fnd its place in further industrialization.

Influence of various operational parameters in enhancing photocatalytic reduction efficiency of carbon dioxide in a photoreactor: A review

Akhil G. Variar,Ramyashree M.S.,Veekshit Udayakumar Ail,Shanmuga Priya S.,Sudhakar K.,Muhammad Tahir 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.99 No.-

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction is a rapidly evolving sustainable approach for CO2 reduction and renewablefuel production. The photocatalytic conversion efficiency of CO2 depends on many operational aspects. This review focuses on some of the important operational and intrinsic parameters that significantlyinfluence CO2 photocatalytic reduction efficiency. The critical parameters studied are temperature, pH,pressure, catalyst size, catalytic doping, reaction time, reaction time, feed ratio, reducing agents, type ofsolvent, the wavelength of the light source, light intensity, and effect of direct solar radiation. Thetemperature directly impacts photocatalytic reduction. Similarly, the effect of pressure was systemati-cally discussed. The morphology of photocatalysts and their effects on CO2 reduction efficiency andproducts selectivity are also deliberated. The review also focuses on a detailed assessment of the role ofphotoreactor design with the various photocatalytic reactor, their geometry, operating mode and phases. The reaction pathways for specific products are discussed based on several characterization techniques. Hence, this work gives a deeper understanding of the influential operational parameters affecting CO2photoreduction and provides new directions on optimizing them to enhance the photoreductionefficiency of CO2 to renewable fuels.

A comparison of healing and complication rates between common flaps utilized in total knee arthroplasty: a review of the literature

( Akhil A. Chandra ),( Filippo Romanelli ),( Alex Tang ),( Luke Menken ),( Maximilian Zhang ),( Adam Feintisch ),( Frank A. Liporace ),( Richard S. Yoon ) 대한슬관절학회 2022 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.34 No.-

Background: Flap reconstruction with perforator, fasciocutaneous, muscular, and/or free microvascular flaps is utilized to cover wound defects and improve vascularization and antibiotic/nutrient delivery. Flap use in revision procedures for total knee arthroplasty has been explored previously; however, current data are limited and studies comparing healing and complication rates between different flap types are lacking. Methods: A literature review was performed using PubMed on 13 January 2022. Studies were included if they reported healing and complication rates for either gastrocnemius, rectus abdominis, latissimus dorsi, fasciocutaneous, chimeric, or gracilis flaps in the setting of revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Results: The final cohort included gastrocnemius (n = 421, healing rate 73.8%, complication rate 59.9%), gracilis (n = 9, healing rate 93%, complication rate 55.6%), latissimus dorsi (n = 41, healing rate 67%, complication rate 46.3%), rectus abdominis (n = 3, healing rate 100%, complication rate 0%), fasciocutaneous (n = 78, healing rate 70%, complication rate 19.2%), and chimeric flaps (n = 4, healing rate 100%, complication rate 25%). There was no significant difference when comparing healing rates across flap types (p = 0.39). There was a significant difference when comparing complication rates across flap types (p < 0.0001), with a significant difference being noted between gastrocnemius and fasciocutaneous complication rates (p < 0.0001). All other comparisons between flap types by complication rate were not significantly different. Conclusions: Gastrocnemius flaps are the workhorse flap in the setting of revision TKA, as evidenced by this review. Healing rates did not vary significantly across flap types, which suggests that determining the appropriate flap for coverage of soft-tissue defects in revision TKA should be driven by defect size and location as well as physician experience and patient tolerance.

Scaling Up Face Masks Classification Using a Deep Neural Network and Classical Method Inspired Hybrid Technique

Akhil Kumar,Arvind Kalia,Kinshuk Verma,Akashdeep Sharma,Manisha Kaushal,Aayushi Kalia 한국인터넷정보학회 2022 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.16 No.11

Classification of persons wearing and not wearing face masks in images has emerged as a new computer vision problem during the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to address this problem and scale up the research in this domain, in this paper a hybrid technique by employing ResNet-101 and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) classifier has been proposed. The proposed technique is tested and validated on a self-created face masks classification dataset and a standard dataset. On self-created dataset, the proposed technique achieved a classification accuracy of 97.3%. To embrace the proposed technique, six other state-of-the-art CNN feature extractors with six other classical machine learning classifiers have been tested and compared with the proposed technique. The proposed technique achieved better classification accuracy and 1-6% higher precision, recall, and F1 score as compared to other tested deep feature extractors and machine learning classifiers.

Experimental, modeling and RSM optimization of CO2 loading for an aqueous blend of diethylenetriamine and 3-dimethyl amino-1-propanol

Akhil Kumar Gupta,Ashish Gautam,Monoj Kumar Mondal 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.40 No.5

Post-combustion CO2 capture by aqueous amine solvent is one of the most promising methods for mitigating the presence of CO2 in the environment. In this work, a novel amine blend of Diethylenetriamine and 3-Dimethyl amino-1-propanol was selected. Experiments were performed in the temperature range of 293.15–323.25 K, mole fraction of diethylenetriamine in the range of 0.05–0.2, partial pressure of CO2 in the range of 10.13–25.33 kPa and solution concentration in the range of 1–3 mol·L−1. Effects of these parameters on equilibrium CO2 loading were judged at various operating conditions. An empirical model was developed for the calculation of equilibrium CO2 loading in the aqueous amine blend. The heat of absorption of CO2 for this amine blend was found to be −65.22 kJ·mol−1. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimization and a quadratic model was selected. The analysis of variance was used to prove the significance of the selected model. Three-dimensional diagrams and contour plots of independent variables were also shown. Optimum CO2 loading by RSM was found to be 1.068 mol CO2·mol amine−1 at temperature 294.15 K, mole fraction of diethylenetriamine 0.20, solution concentration 1.3 mol/l, and partial pressure of CO2 24.22 kPa.

Toxicity of atrazine and its bioaccumulation and biodegradation in a green microalga, Chlamydomonas mexicana

Kabra, Akhil N.,Ji, Min-Kyu,Choi, Jaewon,Kim, Jung Rae,Govindwar, Sanjay P.,Jeon, Byong-Hun Springer-Verlag 2014 Environmental Science and Pollution Research Vol.21 No.21

Optimum design of FRP box-girder bridges

Upadhyay, Akhil,Kalyanaraman, V. Techno-Press 2010 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.35 No.5

Light weight superstructure is beneficial for bridges in remote areas and in emergency erection. In such weight sensitive applications, combination of fibre reinforced plastics (FRP) as material and box-girders as a structural system have great scope. This combination offers various options to tailor structure and its elements but this flexibility poses greater challenge in optimum design. In this paper a procedure is derived for a generalised optimum design of FRP box-girder bridges, using genetic algorithms (GA). The formulation of the optimum design problem in the form of objective function and constraints is presented. Size, configuration and topology optimization are done simultaneously. A few optimum design studies are carried out to check the performance of the developed procedure and to get trends in the optimum design which will be helpful to the new designers.

Parkinson’s Patients’ Cognitive and Motor Function While Using a Mouse and Touchscreen

Sai Akhil Penumudi,In-Sop Kim,Subhramanya Suryanarayana Raju Chodraju,Rachael Mohler,Jaejin Hwang 한국언어재활사협회 2018 Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders Vol.3 No.2

Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare the effect of desktop conditions (mouse and touchscreen) on frontal lobe activity, motor function, and task performance on the part of patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and healthy control participants. Methods: Six PD patients and 6 control participants performed an attentional cuing task while using a mouse and touchscreen. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIR) was used to measure the oxygenation levels in the frontal lobe, and a motion capture system was used to measure motor function. Results: Compared to the mouse, touchscreen use increased the travel velocity of the arm and hand significantly, while mouse use caused more forward head displacement among participants. PD patients required longer response times (1,000 ms) to complete the attentional cuing task than did controls (796 ms). Although the difference was not statistically significant, PD patients showed lower levels of total oxygenation in the frontal lobe (0.13 μmol/L) than did the control group (0.31 μmol/L) and showed few changes in brain activation across both desktop conditions. PD patients had greater neck flexion (71°) than did the control group (58°). Conclusions: The results suggested that PD patients exhibited lower cognitive and motor function while using both a mouse and touchscreen than did a control group. Future studies could study the way complex cognitive tasks influence the cognitive and motor function of PD patients with tremor.

Development of nano-immunotherapy for cancer treatment: achievements and scopes

Raj Akhil,바부아말,Kothandan Vinoth Kumar,박인규,황승림 한국약제학회 2023 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.53 No.6

Background Cancer immunotherapy, which activates the immune system of the human body to fight cancer cells, is a new paradigm for cancer treatment that follows first-generation chemotherapeutics and second-generation cancer-targeting agents. Cancer patients who respond to immuno-oncology drugs can experience continuous anticancer effects because cancer immunotherapy uses the memory and adaptiveness of the human immune system. Immunotherapeutics such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune cell therapies, anticancer vaccines, and antibody-drug conjugates are changing the present cancer treatment landscape owing to their anticancer efficacy and improvement in the survival rate of cancer patients. However, the clinical use of cancer immunotherapy has limitations, such as variation in the therapeutic response rate between patients and side effects including cytokine storm syndrome and immunosuppressive barriers. Area covered In this review, we describe cancer immunotherapy related to the tumor immune microenvironment and discuss the achievements and scope of nano-immunotherapy for cancer treatment. Expert opinion Tumors have complex characteristics, and immune cell types are diverse. The recent exploration for overcoming the limitations of cancer immunotherapy has paved the way towards the use of nanoparticles for the delivery of immunotherapeutics and/or anticancer agents near the tumor tissue, as well as for immuno-bioimaging.