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Atar Selouane,Driss Bouya,Ahmed Lebrihi,C. Decock,Amina Bouseta 한국미생물학회 2009 The journal of microbiology Vol.47 No.4
The effects of temperature, water activity (aw), incubation time, and their combinations on radial growth and ochratoxin A (OTA) production of/by eight Aspergillus niger aggregate strains (six A. tubingensis and two A. niger) and four A. carbonarius isolated from Moroccan grapes were studied. Optimal conditions for the growth of most studied strains were shown to be at 25°C and 0.95 aw. No growth was observed at 10°C regardless of the water activity and isolates. The optimal temperature for OTA production was in the range of 25°C~30°C for A. carbonarius and 30°C~37°C for A. niger aggregate. The optimal aw for toxin production was 0.95~0.99 for A. carbonarius and 0.90~0.95 for A. niger aggregate. Mean OTA concentration produced by all the isolates of A. niger aggregate tested at all sampling times shows that maximum amount of OTA (0.24 µg/g) was produced at 37°C and 0.90 aw. However, for A. carbonarius, mean maximum amounts of OTA (0.22 µg/g) were observed at 25°C and 0.99 aw. Analysis of variance showed that the effects of all single factors (aw, isolate, temperature and incubation time) and their interactions on growth and OTA production were highly significant.
Hajer Naceur Ben Marzoug,Jalloul Bouajila,Monia Ennajar,Ahmed Lebrihi,Florence Mathieu,Franc¸ois Couderc,Manef Abderraba,Mehrez Romdhane 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.4
Essential oils of four different Eucalyptus species (Eucalyptus salubris, Eucalyptus salmonophloia, Eucalyptus oleosa, and Eucalyptus gracilis) grown in southern Tunisia were screened for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties as well as their chemical compositions. According to gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, chemical compositions of the Eucalyptus species E. salubris (27 compounds; 99.2%), E. salmonophloia (31 compounds; 99.2%), E. oleosa (32 compounds; 97.6%), and E. gracilis (18 compounds; 97.7%) were identified. In the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay, the antioxidant activity was in the range of 12.0–52.8mg/mL, whereas in the 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate assay, E. oleosa (176.5±3.1mg/L) gave the best inhibition result. To evaluate antimicrobial activity, all essential oils were tested against bacteria (two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative), two yeast, and two fungi. Essential oils exhibited an interesting antibacterial activity against all microorganisms tested (activity was better against Gram-positive bacteria) except for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Correlations between chemical composition and biological and antioxidant activities were studied.
Mounira Guedri Mkaddem,Mehrez Romdhane,Hany Ibrahim,Monia Ennajar,Ahmed Lebrihi,Florence Mathieu,Jalloul Bouajila 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.6
Thymus capitatus Hoff. et Link. essential oil was constituted by thymol (89.06%) as a major component followed by p-cimene (5.04%) and γ-terpinene (3.19%) after analysis by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activity assays of the essential oil used in the inhibition of the radical cation 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) and the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl showed high 50% inhibitory concentration values of 1.24±0.05mg/L and 0.59±0.02mg/L, respectively. The essential oil of T. capitatus was tested for antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Salmonella analum, Listeria monocytogenes), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherchia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae), fungi (Mucor ramamnianus, Aspergillus ochraceus), and yeast species (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans) using the agar well diffusion method. It seemed that L. monocytogenes, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae bacteria were inhibited by the essential oil tested. A strong activity was also observed against fungi and yeasts.