Biology of Porphyra pulchella sp. nov. from Australia and New Zealand

Ackland, Jillian C.,West, John A.,Scott, Joseph,Zuccarello, Giuseppe C.,Broom, Judy The Korean Society of Phycology 2006 ALGAE Vol.21 No.2

Porphyra pulchella sp. nov. Ackland, West, Scott and Zuccarello was obtained at Mimosa Rock National Park, New South Wales; Westgate Bridge, Victoria, Australia; and Waihau Bay, North Island, New Zealand. It occurs mainly in mangrove habitats and is very small (± 1 mm) in field collections. In laboratory culture at 21 ± 2°C tiny blades (0.5-3.0 mm) reproduced exclusively by archeospores liberated from vegetative cells of the upper sector of the blades. The archeospores displayed amoeboid and gliding motility once discharged. At 14 ± 2°C the blades grew to 25 mm and produced longitudinal spermatangial streaks mixed with ‘phyllosporangial’ streaks. The discharged ‘phyllospores’ showed amoeboid motility and germinated forming asexual blades. A conchocelis phase with typical bangiophycidean pit connections was observed in blade cultures after 8-10 weeks at 14 ± 2°C. Conchocelis filaments produced conchosporangia and these released amoeboid conchospores that developed into archeosporangiate blades. Molecular data indicate that all 3 isolates are genetically identical.

Biology of Porphyra pulchella sp. nov. fromAustralia and New Zealand

Jillian C. Ackland,John A. West,Joseph Scott,Giuseppe C. Zuccarello,Judy Broom 한국조류학회I 2006 ALGAE Vol.21 No.2

Porphyra pulchella sp. nov. Ackland, West, Scott and Zuccarello was obtained at Mimosa Rock National Park, New South Wales; Westgate Bridge, Victoria, Australia; and Waihau Bay, North Island, New Zealand. It occurs mainly in mangrove habitats and is very small (± 1 mm) in field collections. In laboratory culture at 21 ± 2°C tiny blades (0.5- 3.0 mm) reproduced exclusively by archeospores liberated from vegetative cells of the upper sector of the blades. The archeospores displayed amoeboid and gliding motility once discharged. At 14 ± 2°C the blades grew to 25 mm and produced longitudinal spermatangial streaks mixed with ‘phyllosporangial’ streaks. The discharged ‘phyllospores’ showed amoeboid motility and germinated forming asexual blades. A conchocelis phase with typical bangiophycidean pit connections was observed in blade cultures after 8-10 weeks at 14 ± 2°C. Conchocelis filaments produced conchosporangia and these released amoeboid conchospores that developed into archeosporangiate blades. Molecular data indicate that all 3 isolates are genetically identical.

Physical Profiling and Talent Identification for Sporting Success

Timothy R. Ackland 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2001 국제학술대회논문집 Vol.20 No.1

Central to the development of sporting talent using the resources of qualified coaches, sport scientists and sports physicians, has been a commitment by smaller countries to the systematic identification and development of youth with the physical and psychological potential to achieve success in high-level sport. This paper will explore a model for talent identification that has been used in Australia to great effect. Such a strategy is very important for countries like South Korea and Australia with hundreds of sports trying to attract junior participants from the limited population talent pool. We propose a five-stage process for a successful talent identification program, as follows: ·Develop a clear understanding of the important aspects for particular sport; ·Gather a set of relevant data on the young athlete; ·Compile normative data on elite performers to be used for purposes; ·Create a profile chart which shows the relationship between the young athlete and the norms for elite performers; ·The coach + sport scientist partnership cooperate to interpret the profile chart and create a developmental strategy for the athlete. For this process to work effectively though, one must discover what system of talent identification works best within the cultural framework of the county.

Polycrystalline iron under compression: Plasticity and phase transitions

Gunkelmann, Nina,Bringa, Eduardo M.,Kang, Keonwook,Ackland, Graeme J.,Ruestes, Carlos J.,Urbassek, Herbert M. American Physical Society 2012 Physical review. B, Condensed matter and materials Vol.86 No.14

Mechanism of trifluorothymidine potentiation of oxaliplatin-induced cytotoxicity to colorectal cancer cells

Temmink, O H,Hoebe, E K,van der Born, K,Ackland, S P,Fukushima, M,Peters, G J Nature Publishing Group 2007 The British journal of cancer Vol.96 No.2

<P>Oxaliplatin (OHP) is an anticancer agent that acts by formation of Platinum-DNA (Pt-DNA) adducts resulting in DNA-strand breaks and is used for the treatment of colorectal cancer. The pyrimidine analog trifluorothymidine (TFT) forms together with a thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor (TPI) the anticancer drug formulation TAS-102, in which TPI enhances the bioavailability of TFT <I>in vivo</I>. In this <I>in vitro</I> study the combined cytotoxic effects of OHP with TFT were investigated in human colorectal cancer cells as a model for TAS-102 combinations. In a panel of five colon cancer cell lines (WiDr, H630, Colo320, SNU-C4 and SW1116) we evaluated the OHP-TFT drug combinations using the multiple drug–effect analysis with CalcuSyn software, in which the combination index (CI) indicates synergism (CI<0.9), additivity (CI=0.9–1.1) or antagonism (CI>1.1). Drug target analysis was used for WiDr, H630 and SW1116 to investigate whether there was an increase in Pt-DNA adduct formation, DNA damage induction, cell cycle delay and apoptosis. Trifluorothymidine combined with OHP resulted in synergism for all cell lines (all CI<0.9). This was irrespective of schedule in which either one of the drugs was kept at a constant concentration (using variable drug ratio) or when the two drugs were added in a 1 : 1 IC<SUB>50</SUB>-based molar ratio. Synergism could be increased for WiDr using sequential drug treatment schedules. Trifluorothymidine increased Pt-DNA adduct formation significantly in H630 and SW1116 (14.4 and 99.1%, respectively; <I>P</I><0.05). Platinum-DNA adducts were retained best in SW1116 in the presence of TFT. More DNA-strand breaks were induced in SW1116 and the combination increased DNA damage induction (>20%) compared with OHP alone. Exposure to the drugs induced a clear cell-cycle S-phase arrest, but was dose schedule and cell line dependent. Trifluorothymidine (TFT) and OHP both induced apoptosis, which increased significantly for WiDr and SW1116 after TFT–OHP exposure (18.8 and 20.6% respectively; <I>P</I><0.05). The basal protein levels of ERCC1 DNA repair enzyme were not related to the DNA damage that was induced in the cell lines. In conclusion, the combination of TFT with the DNA synthesis inhibitor OHP induces synergism in colorectal cancer cells, but is dependent on the dose and treatment schedule used.</P>

Load response of the natural tooth and dental implant: A comparative biomechanics study

Robinson, Dale,Aguilar, Luis,Gatti, Andrea,Abduo, Jaafar,Lee, Peter Vee Sin,Ackland, David The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics 2019 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.11 No.3

PURPOSE. While dental implants have displayed high success rates, poor mechanical fixation is a common complication, and their biomechanical response to occlusal loading remains poorly understood. This study aimed to develop and validate a computational model of a natural first premolar and a dental implant with matching crown morphology, and quantify their mechanical response to loading at the occlusal surface. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A finite-element model of the stomatognathic system comprising the mandible, first premolar and periodontal ligament (PDL) was developed based on a natural human tooth, and a model of a dental implant of identical occlusal geometry was also created. Occlusal loading was simulated using point forces applied at seven landmarks on each crown. Model predictions were validated using strain gauge measurements acquired during loading of matched physical models of the tooth and implant assemblies. RESULTS. For the natural tooth, the maximum vonMises stress (6.4 MPa) and maximal principal strains at the mandible ($1.8m{\varepsilon}$, $-1.7m{\varepsilon}$) were lower than those observed at the prosthetic tooth (12.5 MPa, $3.2m{\varepsilon}$, and $-4.4m{\varepsilon}$, respectively). As occlusal load was applied more bucally relative to the tooth central axis, stress and strain magnitudes increased. CONCLUSION. Occlusal loading of the natural tooth results in lower stress-strain magnitudes in the underlying alveolar bone than those associated with a dental implant of matched occlusal anatomy. The PDL may function to mitigate axial and bending stress intensities resulting from off-centered occlusal loads. The findings may be useful in dental implant design, restoration material selection, and surgical planning.