<i>Olpidiopsis</i> sp., an oomycete from Madagascar that infects <i>Bostrychia</i> and other red algae: Host species susceptibility

West, John A.,Klochkova, Tatyana A.,Kim, Gwang Hoon,Loiseaux-de Goë,r, Susan Blackwell Publishing Asia 2006 Phycological research Vol.54 No.1

<P>SUMMARY</P><P><I>Olpidiopsis</I> sp. (Oomycota) was cultured with its original host <I>Bostrychia moritziana</I> (Sonder ex Kützing) J. Agardh from Madagascar. Bean-shaped zoospores with two heterokont flagella attached to the host cell wall surface and in 2 days host cells began collapsing and one or more syncytia developed in each infected cell. Zoospores were cleaved and an exit tube with a small plug was formed. Complete development and zoospore discharge occurred in 3 days. Infection occurred in cells of polysiphonous branches, monosiphonous branches, rhizoids and reproductive stichidia. Dead cells of plants treated with microwave were not infected. Susceptibility was variable in other <I>Bostrychia</I> species from different countries. <I>Bostrychia moritziana</I> (Sonder ex Kützing) J. Agardh<I>,</I> and <I>Bostrychia radicans</I> (Montagne) Montagne from Madagascar were susceptible but one <I>Bostrychia tenella</I> (J. V. Lamouroux) J. Agardh isolate from Madagascar was susceptible and two were not. <I>B. radicosa</I> (Itono) J. A. West, G. C. Zuccarello et M. Hommersand isolates from Madagascar, Thailand, Australia and New Caledonia were susceptible but an isolate from Malaysia was not. <I>B. radicans</I> isolates from Mexico and Brazil were non-susceptible as were <I>Bostrychia flagellifera</I> Post, <I>Bostrychia harveyi</I> Montagne, <I>Bostrychia montagnei</I> Harvey, <I>Bostrychia simpliciuscula</I> Harvey ex J. Agardh<I>, Bostrychia tenuissima</I> R. J. King et Puttock<I>, Stictosiphonia intricata</I>(Bory de Saint-Vincent) P. C. Silva, <I>Stictosiphonia kelanensis</I> (Grunow) R. J. King et Puttock and <I>Stictosiphonia tangatensis</I> (Post) R. J. King et Puttock, <I>Lophosiphonia</I> sp., <I>Neosiphonia</I> sp. and <I>Polysiphonia</I> spp. isolates were also non-susceptible. Many non-susceptible strains showed initial cell-collapse followed by rapid wound-repair cell formation without syncytia or sporangia developing. <I>Caloglossa leprieurii</I> (Montagne) G. Martens from Madagascar showed cell-collapse and wound-repair in periaxial cells, but wing cells died and became purple without wound-repair. <I>Caloglossa ogasawaraensis</I> Okamura and <I>Caloglossa postiae</I> M. Kamiya et R. J. King had no symptoms of infection. <I>Dasysiphonia chejuensis</I> I. K. Lee et J. A. West was not infected. Surprisingly, the conchocelis phase but not the blade phase of <I>Porphyra pulchella</I> J. A.West, G. C. Zuccarello and <I>Porphyra suborbiculata</I> Kjellman was infected. The conchocelis of <I>Porphyra tenera</I> Kjellman and <I>Porphyra linearis</I> Greville were infected but no blade stages were tested. <I>Porphyra miniata</I> (C. Agardh) C. Agardh and <I>Porphyra dentata</I> Kjellman conchocelis were not infected. <I>Bangia atropurpurea</I> (Roth) C. Agardh gametophyte filaments were not infected. Other red, brown and green algae were not infected. Time lapse videomicroscopy of development and spore release was done.</P>

[Corrigendum]On the genus Rhodella, the emended orders Dixoniellales and Rhodellales with a new order Glaucosphaerales (Rhodellophyceae, Rhodophyta) (26: 277-288)

John A. West 한국조류학회I 2012 ALGAE Vol.27 No.1

The order Glaucosphaerales proposed by E. C. Yang, J. L. Scott, S. Y. Yoon and J. A. West required a Latin diagnosis as it was published in 2011, prior to the new rules adopted by the International Congress at Melbourne in August 2011. From January 1, 2012, taxa are validly published when a Latin or an English description or diagnosis is provided (Knapp et al. 2011). Thus, the English description below is intended to validate the name Glaucosphaerales. Typification of the order is also a requirement of the Code.

Nomenclatural changes for some freshwater red algae from India

E. K. Ganesan,John A. west 한국조류학회I 2013 ALGAE Vol.28 No.1

In preparing a bibliographic check-list on freshwater red algae of India, we noted that nomenclatural changes are necessary for nine taxa currently placed in Acrochaetium-Audouinella-Chantransia complex and Batrachospermum sensu lato. These are Audouinella desikacharyi nom. nov., A. keralayensis (Jose & Patel) comb. nov., Kumanoa balakrishnanii (Chaugule) comb. nov., K. dasyphylla (Skuja ex Balakrishnan & Chaugule) comb. nov., K. iyengarii (Skuja ex Balakrishnan & Chaugule) comb. nov., K. kylinii (Balakrishnan & Chaugule) comb. nov., K. mahabaleshwarense (Balakrishnan & Chaugule) comb. nov., K. umamaheswararaoi (Baluswami & Babu) comb. nov., and K. zeylanica (Skuja ex Balakrishnan & Chaugule) comb. nov. All the above-mentioned species, excepting Kumanoa zeylanica, appear to be endemic to India, since no other records are known outside India.

Nomenclatural changes for some freshwater red algae from India

Ganesan, E.K.,West, John A. The Korean Society of Phycology 2013 ALGAE Vol.28 No.1

In preparing a bibliographic check-list on freshwater red algae of India, we noted that nomenclatural changes are necessary for nine taxa currently placed in Acrochaetium-Audouinella-Chantransia complex and Batrachospermum sensu lato. These are Audouinella desikacharyi nom. nov., A. keralayensis (Jose & Patel) comb. nov., Kumanoa balakrishnanii (Chaugule) comb. nov., K. dasyphylla (Skuja ex Balakrishnan & Chaugule) comb. nov., K. iyengarii (Skuja ex Balakrishnan & Chaugule) comb. nov., K. kylinii (Balakrishnan & Chaugule) comb. nov., K. mahabaleshwarense (Balakrishnan & Chaugule) comb. nov., K. umamaheswararaoi (Baluswami & Babu) comb. nov., and K. zeylanica (Skuja ex Balakrishnan & Chaugule) comb. nov. All the above-mentioned species, excepting Kumanoa zeylanica, appear to be endemic to India, since no other records are known outside India.

Viator vitreocola gen. et sp. nov. (Stylonematophyceae), a new red alga on drift glass debris in Oregon and Washington, USA

Gayle I. Hansen,John A. West,윤환수,Christopher D. Goodman,Susan Loiseaux de Goër,Giuseppe C. Zuccarello 한국조류학회I 2019 ALGAE Vol.34 No.2

A new encrusting red alga was found growing abundantly on glass debris items that drifted ashore along the coasts ofOregon and Washington. These included discarded fluorescent tubes, incandescent light bulbs, capped liquor bottles,and ball-shaped fishing-net floats. Field collections and unialgal cultures of the alga revealed that it consisted of twomorphological phases: a young loosely aggregated turf and a mature consolidated mucilaginous crust. The turf phaseconsisted of a basal layer of globose cells that produced erect, rarely branched, uniseriate to multiseriate filaments up to500 μm long with closely spaced cells lacking pit-plugs. These filaments expanded in size from their bases to their tipsand released single cells as spores. At maturity, a second phase of growth occurred that produced a consolidated crust,up to 370 μm thick. It consisted of a basal layer of small, tightly appressed ellipsoidal-to-elongate cells that generateda mucilaginous perithallial matrix containing a second type of filament with irregularly spaced cells often undergoingbinary division. At the matrix surface, the original filaments continued to grow and release spores but often also eroded. Individual cells, examined using confocal microscopy and SYBR Green staining, were found to contain a central nucleus,a single highly lobed peripheral chloroplast without a pyrenoid, and numerous chloroplast nucleoids. Morphologicaldata from field and culture isolates and molecular data (rbcL, psbA, and SSU) show that this alga is a new genus and specieswhich we name Viator vitreocola, “a traveller on glass.”

Flora of drift plastics: a new red algal genus, Tsunamia transpacifica(Stylonematophyceae) from Japanese tsunami debris in the northeast Pacific Ocean

West, John A.,Hansen, Gayle I.,Hanyuda, Takeaki,Zuccarello, Giuseppe C. The Korean Society of Phycology 2016 ALGAE Vol.31 No.4

Floating debris provides substrates for dispersal of organisms by ocean currents, including algae that thrive on plastics. The 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Tohuku, Japan resulted in large amounts of debris carried by the North Pacific Current to North America from 2012 to 2016. In 2015-2016, the plastics in the debris bore a complex biota including pink algal crusts. One sample (JAW4874) was isolated into culture and a three-gene phylogeny (psbA, rbcL, and SSU) indicated it was an unknown member of the red algal class Stylonematophyceae. It is a small pulvinate crust of radiating, branched, uniseriate filaments with cells containing a single centrally suspended nucleus and a single purple to pink, multi-lobed, parietal plastid lacking a pyrenoid. Cells can be released as spores that attach and germinate to form straight filaments by transverse apical cell divisions, and subsequent longitudinal and oblique intercalary divisions produce masses of lateral branches. This alga is named Tsunamia transpacifica gen. nov. et sp. nov. Sequencing of additional samples of red algal crusts on plastics revealed another undescribed Stylonematophycean species, suggesting that these algae may be frequent on drift oceanic plastics.

Flora of drift plastics: a new red algal genus, Tsunamia transpacifica (Stylonematophyceae) from Japanese tsunami debris in the northeast Pacific Ocean

John A. west,Gayle I. Hansen,Takeaki Hanyuda,Giuseppe C. Zuccarello 한국조류학회I 2016 ALGAE Vol.31 No.4

Floating debris provides substrates for dispersal of organisms by ocean currents, including algae that thrive on plastics. The 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Tohuku, Japan resulted in large amounts of debris carried by the North Pacific Currentto North America from 2012 to 2016. In 2015-2016, the plastics in the debris bore a complex biota including pink algalcrusts. One sample (JAW4874) was isolated into culture and a three-gene phylogeny (psbA, rbcL, and SSU) indicated itwas an unknown member of the red algal class Stylonematophyceae. It is a small pulvinate crust of radiating, branched,uniseriate filaments with cells containing a single centrally suspended nucleus and a single purple to pink, multi-lobed,parietal plastid lacking a pyrenoid. Cells can be released as spores that attach and germinate to form straight filamentsby transverse apical cell divisions, and subsequent longitudinal and oblique intercalary divisions produce masses oflateral branches. This alga is named Tsunamia transpacifica gen. nov. et sp. nov. Sequencing of additional samples of redalgal crusts on plastics revealed another undescribed Stylonematophycean species, suggesting that these algae may befrequent on drift oceanic plastics.

Monosiphonous growth and cell-death in an unusual Bostrychia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta): B. anomala sp. nov.

John A. west,Susan Loiseaux de Goër,Giuseppe C. Zuccarello 한국조류학회I 2013 ALGAE Vol.28 No.2

A morphologically distinct lineage within the Bostrychia moritziana-B. radicans species complex is described as a new species. Bostrychia anomala has thalli with branched monosiphonous filaments with apical cell divisions. The species has terminal tetrasporangial stichidia, each subtending cell bearing tetrasporangia with 2 cover cells. Discharged spores divide transversely, the lower cell first forming a narrow rhizoid and the upper cell forming a monosiphonous shoot. Females have subterminal procarps and males have terminal spermatangial stichidia. Carposporophytes are spherical. Isolates in culture show a pattern of cell death not associated with injury, reminiscent of programmed cell death. Bostrychia anomola shows cell death at intervals along the filaments resulting in division of adjacent cells on either side of the dead cell re-joining the filament; cell division of only one adjacent cell resulting in branching at that site; or filaments fragmenting at the cell death point with adjacent cells forming new apical cells, a means of thallus propagation. The cell death pattern could be a method of filament propagation in the mangrove environment where sexual reproduction is rare.

Viator vitreocola gen. et sp. nov. (Stylonematophyceae), a new red alga on drift glass debris in Oregon and Washington, USA

Hansen, Gayle I.,West, John A.,Yoon, Hwan Su,Goodman, Christopher D.,Goer, Susan Loiseaux-de,Zuccarello, Giuseppe C. The Korean Society of Phycology 2019 ALGAE Vol.34 No.2

A new encrusting red alga was found growing abundantly on glass debris items that drifted ashore along the coasts of Oregon and Washington. These included discarded fluorescent tubes, incandescent light bulbs, capped liquor bottles, and ball-shaped fishing-net floats. Field collections and unialgal cultures of the alga revealed that it consisted of two morphological phases: a young loosely aggregated turf and a mature consolidated mucilaginous crust. The turf phase consisted of a basal layer of globose cells that produced erect, rarely branched, uniseriate to multiseriate filaments up to $500{\mu}m$ long with closely spaced cells lacking pit-plugs. These filaments expanded in size from their bases to their tips and released single cells as spores. At maturity, a second phase of growth occurred that produced a consolidated crust, up to $370{\mu}m$ thick. It consisted of a basal layer of small, tightly appressed ellipsoidal-to-elongate cells that generated a mucilaginous perithallial matrix containing a second type of filament with irregularly spaced cells often undergoing binary division. At the matrix surface, the original filaments continued to grow and release spores but often also eroded. Individual cells, examined using confocal microscopy and SYBR Green staining, were found to contain a central nucleus, a single highly lobed peripheral chloroplast without a pyrenoid, and numerous chloroplast nucleoids. Morphological data from field and culture isolates and molecular data (rbcL, psbA, and SSU) show that this alga is a new genus and species which we name Viator vitreocola, "a traveller on glass."

Monosiphonous growth and cell-death in an unusual Bostrychia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta): B. anomala sp. nov.

West, John A.,Loiseaux de Goer, Susan,Zuccarello, Giuseppe C. The Korean Society of Phycology 2013 ALGAE Vol.28 No.2

A morphologically distinct lineage within the Bostrychia moritziana-B. radicans species complex is described as a new species. Bostrychia anomala has thalli with branched monosiphonous filaments with apical cell divisions. The species has terminal tetrasporangial stichidia, each subtending cell bearing tetrasporangia with 2 cover cells. Discharged spores divide transversely, the lower cell first forming a narrow rhizoid and the upper cell forming a monosiphonous shoot. Females have subterminal procarps and males have terminal spermatangial stichidia. Carposporophytes are spherical. Isolates in culture show a pattern of cell death not associated with injury, reminiscent of programmed cell death. Bostrychia anomola shows cell death at intervals along the filaments resulting in division of adjacent cells on either side of the dead cell re-joining the filament; cell division of only one adjacent cell resulting in branching at that site; or filaments fragmenting at the cell death point with adjacent cells forming new apical cells, a means of thallus propagation. The cell death pattern could be a method of filament propagation in the mangrove environment where sexual reproduction is rare.