Inhibitory Effect of Fenugreek Galactomannan on Digestive Enzymes Related to Diabetes, Hyperlipidemia, and Liver-kidney Dysfunctions

Khaled Hamden,Abdelfattah Elfeki,Bassem Jaouadi,Samir Bejar,Serge Carreau 한국생물공학회 2010 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.15 No.3

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of fenugreek galactomannan on intestinal glucose uptake in surviving diabetic rats. It explored their potential action with respect to lowering maltase, lactase,and sucrase activities in the small intestine of galactomannan-treated diabetic group compared to the diabetic control group. The findings indicate that the increase of blood glucose levels was significantly suppressed in the galactomannan-treated group than those in the diabetic rats. Moreover, the galactomannan isolated from fenugreek exhibited a prominent selective inhibitory effect against intestinal lipase activity. It was found to significantly delay the absorption of LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides and the increase in HDL-cholesterol. In addition, fenugreek galactomannan efficiently protect the hepatic function observed by the considerable decrease of aspartate and alanine transaminases (AST and ALT) and lactate deshydrogenase (LDH) contents in the serum of diabetic rats. The beneficial effects of fenugreek galactomannan were also evidenc-ed by their capacity to inhibit diabetes-induced kidney injury through lowering the urea and creatinine content in plasma. Overall, the conclusion of the present study indicate that fenugreek galactomannan displays a number of promising properties and attributes for future applications as therapeutic agents in biotechnological and bioprocess-based technologies, particularly those interested in the development of anti-diabetic and hypolipidemic drugs.

Modulatory Effect of Fenugreek Saponins on the Activities of Intestinal and Hepatic Disaccharidase and Glycogen and Liver Function of Diabetic Rats

Khaled Hamden,Abdelfattah Elfeki,Bassem Jaouadi,Samir Bejar,Tahia Salami,Serge Carreau 한국생물공학회 2010 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.15 No.5

Diabetes mellitus is a serious health concern throughout the world and is often associated with a variety of bodily disorders such as liver toxicity and dysfunction. This study elucidates the effect of fenugreek saponin administration on disaccharidase and glycogen activities in the intestine and liver of surviving diabetic rats. It also evaluates the effect of saponin feeding using a number of liver toxicity indices, namely stress oxidant, liver dysfunction markers and metabolism. Our findings indicate that the fenugreek saponin fraction significantly modulated the disaccharidase and glycogen enzyme activities in the intestine and liver of rats, increased the hepatic glycogen content, suppressed the increase of blood glucose level and improved results in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The fenugreek saponin extract also efficiently protected the hepatic function, which was evidenced by the significant increases of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT),gluthation peroxidase (GPX), aspartate transaminase (AST),alanine transaminase (ALT) and lactate deshydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activities. Fenugreek saponin also induced a notable delay in the absorption of LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides and a remarkable increase in levels of HDLcholesterol. A histological analysis of the hepatic tissues further established the positive effect of fenugreek saponin. Overall, the findings of the current study indicate that fenugreek saponins exhibit attractive properties and can be considered as promising candidates for future application as therapeutic agents in biotechnological and bioprocessbased technologies, particularly those related to the development of anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic drugs.

Dietary Nigella sativa and Peganum harmala Oils Reverses Hyperglycaemia, Hepatotoxicity, and Metabolism in Rats

Khaled Hamden,Serge Carreau,Kamel Jamoussi,Fatma Ayadi,Fadhel Garmazi,Abdelfattah Elfeki 한국식품과학회 2009 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.18 No.3

This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic action of administration of Nigella sativa (NS) and Peganum harmala (PH) oils in diabetes and hepatic toxicity. Results show that treatment of diabetic rats with NS oil or PH oil ameliorate hyperglycaemia induced stress oxidative and hepatic dysfunction in diabetic rats. Administration of NS or PH oil to diabetic rats caused an anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities by the decrease in plasmatic glucose level and increase in hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities, reduced glutathione (GSH) and glycogen contents compared to untreated diabetic rats. Besides, NS and PH oils protect the hepatic function observed by decrease of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCh), and increase of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-Ch) levels in serum and hepatic tissues. Moreover, a diminution in the bilirubin, transaminase glutanic pyruvic (TGP), and transaminase pyruvic oxaloacetic (TPO) contents in serum and the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels (TBARs) in hepatic tissues are also detected.

Antioxidant and Protective Effect of Ocimum basilicum Seeds Extract on Renal Toxicity Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Rats

Khaled Bellassoued,Fatma Ben Mansour,Habib Ayadi,Jos van Pelt,Abdelfattah Elfeki 한국식품영양과학회 2024 Journal of medicinal food Vol.27 No.1

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is distributed worldwide and used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmeticindustries. Most applications are for the herb basil, recently the basil seeds have also been used commercially; however, littleis known about the nutritional and functional properties of the seeds. The present study aimed to investigate a possibleprotective effect of the methanol extract of O. basilicum seeds (MEOB), based on its phytochemical content, against kidneytoxicity induced by CCl4 in adult rats. A single dose of CCl4 was used to induce oxidative stress in rats, which wasdemonstrated by a significant rise of serum enzyme markers. MEOB was administrated for 15 consecutive days (200 mg/kgbody weight) to Wistar rats before CCl4 treatment and the effects on serum urea, creatinine, and uric acid, as well as thekidney superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione activity and thiobarbituric acid reactivesubstances and protein carbonyl (PCO) levels were evaluated. In addition, histopathological examinations of kidneys wereperformed. In the positive control group, CCl4 induced an increase in serum biochemical parameters and triggered oxidativestress in the kidney. MEOB (200 mg/kg BW) resulted in significant reduction of CCl4-elevated levels of kidney markers, ureaand creatinine, and a significant increase of uric acid compared with the CCl4-only group. In addition, MEOB pretreatmentresulted in a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation and PCO levels in renal tissue compared with CCl4-exposed group. MEOB definitely could prevent the development of pathological changes in the kidneys. Overall, we conclude that MEOB iseffective in protecting renal function from CCl4 toxicity.

Chitosan-based bioglass composite for bone tissue healing : Oxidative stress status and antiosteoporotic performance in a ovariectomized rat model

Samira Jebahi,Hassane Oudadesse,Gada Ben Saleh,Mongi Saoudi,Sirrar Mesadhi,Tarek Rebai,Hassib Keskese,Abdelfattah Elfeki,Hafed El Feki 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.9

Tissue engineering has opened up a new therapeutic avenue promising a revolution in regenerative medicine. Considerable attention has been given to chitosan composite materials and their applications in the field of the bonegraft substitutes. We evaluated the antioxidative properties of chitosan-doped bioactive glass (BG-CH) with 17 wt%chitosan, and their applications in the guided bone regeneration. BG-CH was produced by a freeze-drying process andimplanted in the femoral condyles of ovariectomized rats. Grafted bone tissues were carefully removed to evaluate theoxidative stress analysis, histomorphometric profile and mineral bone distribution by using inductively coupled plasmaoptical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). A significant decrease of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs)was observed after BG-CH implantation. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase(GPx) activities significantly increased in ovariectomized group implanted with chitosan-doped bioactive glass (OVX-BG-CH) as compared to ovariectomized group implanted with bioactive glass (OVX-BG). The histomorphometricanalysis showed that bone/tissue volume (BV/TV), osteoblast number (N.Ob) and osteoblast surface/bone surface (Ob.S/BS) were significantly higher in OVX-BG-CH group than in OVX-BG group. On the other hand, a rise in Ca and Pion concentrations in the implanted microenvironment was shown to lead to the formation/deposition of Ca-P phases. Trace elements such as Sr and Fe were detected in the newly formed bone and involved in bone healing. These resultssuggested that BG-CH composites could become clinically useful as a therapeutic and implantable material.

Inhibitory Action of Purified Hydroxytyrosol from Stored Olive Mill Waste on Intestinal Disaccharidases and Lipase Activities and Pancreatic Toxicity in Diabetic Rats

Khaled Hamden,Noureddine Allouche,Bessam Jouadi,Serge Carreau,Najoua Gharbi,Saloua El-Fazaa,Mohamed Damak,Abdelfattah Elfeki 한국식품과학회 2010 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.19 No.2

This study was established that after 3 months storage, olive mill waste (OMW) was enriched with hydroxytyrosol (HT) (2,652 mg/L) and contained only phenolic monomers. It also showed that HT supplementation to surviving diabetic rats decreases considerably intestinal maltase, lactase, sucrose, and lipase activities by 49, 31, 42,and 40%, respectively. In addition, HT enhanced the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities by 330, 170, and 301%, respectively and reduced gluthation (GSH) level by 79% in pancreas compared to diabetic rats. Moreover, a significant decrease in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) level and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in diabetic rats pancreas by 34 and 49%respectively after administration of HT. In addition, HT improved plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels in diabetic rats by lowering low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) by 27 and 53%,respectively and increasing high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol content by 72%. These properties of HT are interesting regarding its use as therapeutic agent in biotechnological applications, especially in developing anti-diabetic and hypocholesterolemic drugs.