Characterization of MHC DRB3.2 Alleles of Crossbred Cattle by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

Paswan, Chandan,Bhushan, Bharat,Patra, B.N.,Kumar, Pushpendra,Sharma, Arjava,Dandapat, S.,Tomar, A.K.S.,Dutt, Triveni Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.9

The present investigation was undertaken to study the genetic polymorphism of the DRB3 exon 2 in 75 crossbred cattle by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Five genotypes i.e. HaeIII-a, HaeIII-b, HaeIII-e, HaeIII-ab and HaeIII-ae were observed when the 284 bp PCR products were digested with HaeIII restriction enzyme. The corresponding frequencies of these patterns were 0.53, 0.04, 0.01, 0.38 and 0.04, respectively. Digestion with RsaI restriction enzyme resolved 24 different restriction patterns. The frequencies of these patterns ranged from 0.013 (RsaI-f, RsaI-k and RsaI-c/n) to 0.120 (RsaI-n). The results revealed that the crossbred cows belonged to the RsaI patterns namely b, k, l, a/l, d/s, l/n, l/o and m/n, whose corresponding frequencies were 0.027, 0.013, 0.040, 0.027, 0.040, 0.067, 0.027 and 0.067, respectively. Digestion of the 284 bp PCR product of DRB3.2 gene with PstI in the crossbred cattle did not reveal any restriction site. These results suggested the absence of the recognition site in some of the animals. These results also revealed that the crossbred cows studied were in homozygous as well as heterozygous condition. On the basis of the above results it can be concluded that the DRB3.2 gene was found to be highly polymorphic in the crossbred cattle population.

Effect of Replacing Cereal Grain in Concentrate With Wheat Bran on the Performance of Lactating Bos indicus×Bos taurus Cows Fed Green Fodder ad libitum in the Northern Plains of India

Sahoo, A.,Chaudhary, L.C.,Agarwal, Neeta,Kamra, D.N.,Dutt, T.,Pathak, N.N. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.12

Thirty-one multiparous Bos indicus${\times}$Bos taurus cows were offered concentrate supplements based on (1) 2 kg wheat bran; (2) 4 kg wheat bran; and (3) concentrate (30 maize: 67 wheat bran) at 0.5 kg per 1.0 kg milk produced, in a one year study in India. All supplements also contained 2 parts of a mineral mixture and 1 part salt. Cows were allocated to treatments at calving on parity (2nd and 3rd calf) with 13, 8 and 10 cows respectively in treatments 1, 2 and 3. They were individually fed for whole lactation, the basal diet being ad libitum berseem clover plus 2 kg wheat straw in the cool season/winter (period 1) and chopped maize in summer (period 2). Diets with berseem offered TDN and CP contents of 67.6, 18.2; 65.5, 16.8; and 67.5, 16.8 percent; and with maize fodder 62.6, 12.0; 62.6, 12.5; and 63.3, 12.5 percent for treatments 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Total dry matter (DM) intakes (1) 9.9 kg, (2) 10.9 kg and (3) 11.1 kg DM/day and intake of nutrients (TDN, CP) increased with level of supplementation (p<0.01), but effects of treatment on animal performance were not significant. Cow milk yields averaged (1) 7.9 kg, (2) 8.1 kg and (3) 8.8 kg milk/day (p>0.05) for lactation lengths of 252, 270 and 220 days (p>0.05) and cows gained +7.3; +8.1; and +12.0 kg respectively over their lactation (p>0.05). Wheat bran was used effectively as the sole energy component in concentrates for lactating dairy cows. Its use could potentially reduce feed costs and demands for cereal grain. Reduced concentrate levels may be considered if green forages of high nutrient content are fed ad libitum. Associated economic advantages or disadvantages require further evaluation.

Pharmacological Review of Caralluma R.Br. with Special Reference to Appetite Suppression and Anti-Obesity

Harish Chander Dutt,Surjeet Singh,Bharathi Avula,Ikhlas A. Khan,Yashbir S. Bedi 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.2

Caralluma fimbriata extract has received Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status for use as a nutraceutical to combat the most serious public health concern (i.e., obesity). More than 260 species grouped under the genus Caralluma (Family Apocynaceae) are distributed in tropical Asia and Mediterranean regions of the globe. Ethnobotanically,some species have been used as traditional and modern dietary ingredients to suppress appetite. Many species of Caralluma are commonly used as traditional medicine for the treatment of rheumatism, diabetes, leprosy, paralysis, and inflammation and have antimalarial, antitrypanosomal, anti-ulcer, antioxidant, antinociceptive, and antiproliferative activities. The genus is known for compounds like pregnane glycosides, flavonoid glycoside, flavones, magastigmane glycosides, pregnane steroids,steroidal glycosides, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, aromatic and nonaromatic volatile compounds, and b-sitosterol. An extract of C. fimbriata (Slimaluna, Gencor Nutrients, Anaheim, CA, USA) is used as an anti-obesity agent and appetite suppressor. It is also seen that the pregnane glycosides isolated and identified from African Hoodia are reported as anti-obesity and appetite-suppressant compounds. On reviewing the studies undertaken on the chemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutic potential of Caralluma, it is concluded that the genus is also composed of pregnane glycosides as one of the major constituents. Availability of pregnane glycosides in Caralluma is an indication of the appetite-suppressant property of this genus. This coupled with the GRAS status of the extract of C. fimbriata has opened the possibility of developing an anti-obesity/appetite-suppressant product from other species of Caralluma. The main objective of this article is to review the studies undertaken on the plant in light of further research for anti-obesity drugs and nutraceuticals from species of Caralluma.

Development of Optimal Nanocrystalline Absorption Layer for Thin Film Silicon Solar Cell Applications

C. Álvarez-Macías,J. D. Escobar-Carrasquilla,A. Dutt,E. Mon-Pérez,L. González,G. Santana 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2017 NANO Vol.12 No.11

To obtain an optimum absorption layer based on hydrogenated polymorphous and nanocrystalline silicon thin films in a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, radio frequency (RF) power was varied from 25W to 100W using a mixture of dichlorosilane and hydrogen. By Raman spectroscopy, the crystalline fraction was found to be varied from 7% to 69%, and RF power value of 75W was found to be suitable with an appropriate mixture of amorphous and crystalline phases, respectively. Thickness measurements performed by profilometry were cross-checked with the value obtained from the cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy micrographs. Micrographs obtained using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of silicon nanocrystals in the range of 2–5 nm with a strong probability of confinement effect. B and gap value of 1.55 eV at 75W upheld the suitability of this particular RF power for active absorption layer, which has also shown maximum photosensitivity.

Metabolically engineered anthocyanin-producing lime provides additional nutritional value and antioxidant potential to juice

Faraj Hijaz,Yasser Nehela,Shelley E. Jones,Manjul Dutt,Jude W. Grosser,John A. Manthey,Nabil Killiny 한국식물생명공학회 2018 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.12 No.5

Anthocyanins are synthesized via the flavonoid pathway through a complex expression of several genes such as MYB transcription factors. Anthocyanins protect plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. Herein, we studied the effect of expression of MYB (VvmybA1 cloned from the red grape and Ruby cloned from ‘Moro’ blood orange) transcription factors in “Mexican” lime on juice quality and leaf pigments, leaf metabolites, and phytohormones. Anthocyanins, furanocoumarins, flavonoids, and hydroxycinnamates were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, whereas chlorophylls, carotenoids, and xanthophylls were analyzed using HPLC coupled with photodiode array detector (PDA). The rest of metabolites were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Overexpression of VvmybA1 and Ruby resulted in accumulation of anthocyanins in leaves, flowers, and fruits of the transgenic plants. However, the level of anthocyanins in Ruby plants was significantly lower than that in VvmybA1 plants. The level of anthocyanins and the gene expression of VvmybA1 and Ruby in young leaves were higher than mature leaves. On the other hand, the level of several furanocoumarins, and hydroxycinnamates decreased in mature VvmybA1 leaves, indicating a drainage of p-coumaric acid due to the induction of anthocyanins biosynthesis. The level of chlorophyll decreased in mature VvmybA1 leaves, whereas zeaxanthin level increased, indicated a photoprotection role for anthocyanins. Most of polar and volatile metabolites also decreased VvmybA1 leaves, indicating a decrease in the photosynthetic efficiency. Benzoic acid and salicylic acid increased, whereas auxins decreased. The level of abscisic acid was not affected by the overexpression of VvmybA1 and the plants showed normal growth and development. Overexpression of VvmybA1 highly increased the antioxidant activity of the transgenic juice and leaves, whereas overexpression of Ruby showed only a slight increase. The pH, °Brix value, and TA of the transgenic juice were not affected by the expression of VvmybA1 or Ruby.

Register File Power Reduction Using Bypass Sensitive Compiler

Sanghyun Park,Shrivastava, A.,Dutt, N.,Nicolau, A.,Yunheung Paek,Earlie, E. IEEE 2008 IEEE transactions on computer-aided design of inte Vol.27 No.6

<P>This paper explores, develops, and investigates several bypass-sensitive compilation techniques to reduce the register file power by reducing the access frequency to the register file. We study the effectiveness of our techniques on the Intel XScale processor, which is based on the previously proposed ldquoon-demand register fetch readrdquo architectural feature. Furthermore, we show that our bypass-sensitive compilation technique is effective on various partial bypass configurations.</P>

Supplementation of retinoic acid alone in MSC culture medium induced germ cell-like cell differentiation

Kuldeep Kumar,Kinsuk Das,Ajay Kumar,Purnima Singh,Madhusoodan A. P.,Triveni Dutt,Sadhan Bag The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction and Biot 2023 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.38 No.2

Background: Germ cells undergo towards male or female pathways to produce spermatozoa or oocyte respectively which is essential for sexual reproduction. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential of trans-differentiation to the multiple cell lineages. Methods: Herein, rat MSCs were isolated from bone marrow and characterized by their morphological features, expression of MSC surface markers, and in vitro differentiation capability. Results: Thereafter, we induced these cells only by retinoic acid supplementation in MSC medium and, could able to show that bone marrow derived MSCs are capable to trans-differentiate into male germ cell-like cells in vitro. We characterized these cells by morphological changes, the expressions of germ cell specific markers by immunophenotyping and molecular biology tools. Further, we quantified these differentiated cells. Conclusions: This study suggests that only Retinoic acid in culture medium could induce bone marrow MSCs to differentiate germ cell-like cells in vitro. This basic method of germ cell generation might be helpful in the prospective applications of this technology.

Treatment of 4T1 metastatic breast cancer with combined hypofractionated irradiation and autologous T-cell infusion.

Filatenkov, Alexander,Baker, Jeanette,M?ller, Antonia M,Ahn, G-One,Kohrt, Holbrook,Dutt, Suparna,Jensen, Kent,Dejbakhsh-Jones, Sussan,Negrin, Robert S,Shizuru, Judith A,Engleman, Edgar G,Strober, Samu Academic Press 2014 Radiation research Vol.182 No.2

<P>The goal of this study was to determine whether a combination of local tumor irradiation and autologous T-cell transplantation can effectively treat metastatic 4T1 breast cancer in mice. BALB/c mice were injected subcutaneously with luciferase-labeled 4T1 breast tumor cells and allowed to grow for 21 days, at which time metastases appeared in the lungs. Primary tumors were treated at that time with 3 daily fractions of 20 Gy of radiation each. Although this approach could eradicate primary tumors, tumors in the lungs grew progressively. We attempted to improve efficacy of the radiation by adding autologous T-cell infusions. Accordingly, T cells were purified from the spleens of tumor-bearing mice after completion of irradiation and cryopreserved. Cyclophosphamide was administered thereafter to induce lymphodepletion, followed by T-cell infusion. Although the addition of cyclophosphamide to irradiation did not improve survival or reduce tumor progression, the combination of radiation, cyclophosphamide and autologous T-cell infusion induced durable remissions and markedly improved survival. We conclude that the combination of radiation and autologous T-cell infusion is an effective treatment for metastatic 4T1 breast cancer.</P>

Supplementation of retinoic acid alone in MSC culture medium induced germ cell-like cell differentiation

Kumar Kuldeep,Das Kinsuk,Kumar Ajay,Singh Purnima,A. P. Madhusoodan,Dutt Triveni,Bag Sadhan 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2023 Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Vol.38 No.2

Background: Germ cells undergo towards male or female pathways to produce spermatozoa or oocyte respectively which is essential for sexual reproduction. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential of trans-differentiation to the multiple cell lineages. Methods: Herein, rat MSCs were isolated from bone marrow and characterized by their morphological features, expression of MSC surface markers, and in vitro differentiation capability. Results: Thereafter, we induced these cells only by retinoic acid supplementation in MSC medium and, could able to show that bone marrow derived MSCs are capable to trans-differentiate into male germ cell-like cells in vitro. We characterized these cells by morphological changes, the expressions of germ cell specific markers by immunophenotyping and molecular biology tools. Further, we quantified these differentiated cells. Conclusions: This study suggests that only Retinoic acid in culture medium could induce bone marrow MSCs to differentiate germ cell-like cells in vitro . This basic method of germ cell generation might be helpful in the prospective applications of this technology.