Bureaucratic Managers and Diversity Programs

YongJin Sa(사용진),James Gerard Caillier 한국정부학회 2016 한국행정논집 Vol.28 No.2

Although there is no paucity of research investigating the theory of representative bureaucracy in agencies, there are still avenues that have not been explored. One such area is the demographic composition of managers and the impact that they have on influencing diversity policies inside agencies. As a result, we examined the extent to which the ethnic characteristics of managers affected employee perceptions of diversity policies in US federal agencies. The results indicate that minority managers in general did not have an effect on perceptions regarding diversity policies. However, African-American managers were found to have a positive effect on perceptions of these policies, while Hispanic managers were found to have a negative impact on perceptions of diversity policies. Only the relationship between African-Americans and the promotion of diversity policies was consistent with the theory of representative bureaucracy. The implications these findings have for theory and practice are discussed.

Relationship between satisfaction with flexible work system and organizational satisfaction in public sector : The moderating effect of gender and age

사용진 ( Yongjin Sa ) 한국정치사회연구소 2023 한국과 국제사회 Vol.7 No.6

본 연구는 유연근무제 관련 공무원 인식조사를 활용하여 다음 두 가지의 주요 목적을 위한 통계적 분석을 수행하고자 한다. 첫째, 유연근무제 활용 만족도 수준과 조직 만족도 수준 간의 영향 관계를 정량적으로 검증하는 것이다. 둘째, 유연근무제 활용 만족도와 조직만족도 수준 간의 영향 관계에서 공무원의 성별과 연령이 갖는 조절효과를 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구의 목적 달성과 가설 검증을 위해 우리나라 D 자치단체공무원을 대상으로 설문조사를 수행하였다. 응답자 공무원의 소속은 D 자치단체 본청, 직속기관, 산하기관, 사업소 등이 포함되었으며, 정규직 신분의 지방직 공무원이다. 기초통계분석, 상관관계분석과 더불어 본 연구의 가설 검증을 위해 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 유연근무제 활용 만족도 수준과 조직만족도 수준 간은 통계적으로 유의미한 양의 관계가 있음이 검증되었다. 또한, 공무원의 성별과 연령대 변수 모두 유연근무제 활용 만족도 수준과 조직만족도 간의 관계를 유의미하게 조절하는 효과가 있음이 검증되었다. 특히, 성별과 유연근무제 활용 만족도의 상호작용항과 연령대와 유연근무제 활용 만족도의 상호작용항의 회귀계수가 모두 통계적으로 유의미하게 나타난 점은 정부조직의 유연근무제 활용과 정책 집행에 있어 중요한 시사점이 있다고 판단된다. 본 연구를 통해서 지금까지 유연근무제 활용 여부 자체에 대한 효과 검증에 치우쳐 있던 국내 공공기관 대상 유연근무제 연구의 이론적 확장이 이루어지길 기대한다. 유연근무제 이용 여부 자체에서 벗어나 유연근무제 활용 만족도 수준이 여러 다양한 조직결과변수들에 미치는 효과를 검증함으로써 국내 공공부문 유연 근무제 연구는 더욱 더 다양하고 심도있게 추진될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. 아울러, 정부조직에서의 유연근무제의 보다 합리적인 정착과 적극적인 활용이라는 실무적 관점에서 본 연구에서 제시하고 있는 통계분석 결과가 이에 기여할 수 있을 것이다. This study intends to perform statistical analysis for the following two main purposes. First, it is to quantitatively verify the relationship between the level of satisfaction with flexible working hours and the level of organizational satisfaction. Second, it is to analyze the moderating effect of the gender and age of public officials in the relationship between satisfaction with the use of flexible working hours and the level of organizational satisfaction. In order to achieve the purpose of this study and test the hypothesis, a survey was conducted targeting public officials of D local government in Korea. In addition to basic statistical analysis and correlation analysis, regression analysis was performed to test the hypotheses of this study. As a result of the analysis, it was verified that there was a statistically significant positive relationship between the level of satisfaction with the use of flexible working hours and the level of organizational satisfaction. In addition, it was verified that both the gender and age variables of public servants had a significant effect of regulating the relationship between the level of satisfaction with flexible working hours and organizational satisfaction. In particular, the fact that the regression coefficients of the interaction term between gender and satisfaction with the use of flexible work systems and the interaction term between age and satisfaction with use of flexible work systems were all statistically significant was judged to have important implications for the use of flexible work systems and policy implementation in government organizations.

Are There Differences in Employees’ Perceived Link of Diversity Management with Work Group Performance, Job Satisfaction and Intentions to Leave by Ethnic Diversity and Supervisory Level?: Evidence from U.S. Federal Agencies

사용진(Yongjin Sa) 한국인사행정학회 2015 한국인사행정학회보 Vol.14 No.4

Most of the studies on diversity management in public sectors have been entirely based on an aggregated level of analysis. Namely, very few studies have empirically examined whether there are differences between non-whites and whites in employees’ perceived link of the existence of diversity management in agencies with outcomes across their supervisory levels. To address, this study explores the extent to which employees perceive the link between diversity management and outcomes such as work group performance, job satisfaction, and turnover intention in U.S. federal agencies. This research also investigates the different link of employees’ perceived diversity management with those outcomes for non-white and white employees at three managerial levels: non-supervisors/ team leaders, supervisors/ managers, and executives. The empirical results drawn from a series of ordinary least squares regressions show that employees’ perceptions on the existence of diversity management in their agencies are positively correlated with work group performance and job satisfaction, whereas it is negatively correlated with intentions to leave their positions. Furthermore, this research demonstrates that federal employees’perceptions about the link between the existence of diversity management and work-related outcomes vary significantly between non-whites and whites depending on their managerial levels.

Volume of Teleworking and Satisfaction with Teleworking: Evidence from U.S Federal Agencies

사용진(Yongjin Sa),박소영(Soyoung Park) 한국인사행정학회 2016 한국인사행정학회보 Vol.15 No.1

This study aims to provide a better understanding of the factors that influence teleworkers’ satisfaction with teleworking in the U.S federal agencies. To advance the extant teleworking literature, in particular, this research empirically tests whether federal teleworkers’ levels of satisfaction with teleworking are significantly different by their volume (frequency) of teleworking. To examine, this study utilizes the 2011 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey collected by the U.S. Office of Personnel Management. The empirical findings of this study support a positive association between teleworkers’ volume (frequency) of teleworking and their teleworking satisfaction levels. Several possible explanations for the discrepancy between Golden’s (2006) curvilinear inverted U-shape between volume (frequency) of teleworking and teleworkers’ job satisfaction and the empirical findings of this research are discussed. The theoretical contributions, managerial implications, limitations and future research suggestions of this study are discussed.

일반논문 : 재택근무의 양/빈도와 재택근무 만족도와의 관계 분석: 미연방정부 공무원들의 인식조사를 중심으로

사용진 ( Yongjin Sa ),박소영 ( Soyoung Park ) 한국인사행정학회 2016 한국인사행정학회보 Vol.15 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 미연방정부 공무원들의 인식조사를 근거로, teleworking의 양/빈도의 정도가 teleworking 만족도에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증적 분석을 제공함으로써, teleworking 그리고 family-friendly policy 연구 발전에 기여하고자 함에 있다. 이를 위해, 본 연구에서는 U.S. Office of Personnel Management에서 실시한 2011 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey를 사용하였다. 분석결과, 일주일에 3일 이상 teleworking을 이용하는 공무원들의 teleworking 만족도가, 다른 정도의 양/빈도로 teleworking을 이용하는 공무원들보다 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 분석결과와, 한계점, 그리고 teleworking과 family-friendly policy 연구의 발전에 기여할 수 있다고 제안한 후속 연구의 주제들에 대해서 심도 있게 논의하였다. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the factors that influence teleworkers’ satisfaction with teleworking in the U.S federal agencies. To advance the extant teleworking literature, in particular, this research empirically tests whether federal teleworkers’ levels of satisfaction with teleworking are significantly different by their volume (frequency) of teleworking. To examine, this study utilizes the 2011 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey collected by the U.S. Office of Personnel Management. The empirical findings of this study support a positive association between teleworkers’ volume (frequency) of teleworking and their teleworking satisfaction levels. Several possible explanations for the discrepancy between Golden’s (2006) curvilinear inverted U-shape between volume (frequency) of teleworking and teleworkers’ job satisfaction and the empirical findings of this research are discussed. The theoretical contributions, managerial implications, limitations and future research suggestions of this study are discussed.

The Perceptions and Attitudes of Senior Executives Toward Innovation

Mark Stevens,사용진(Yongjin Sa) 한국정부학회 2016 한국행정논집 Vol.28 No.1

The use of innovative practices within the United States federal government has increased significantly over the years due to budgetary pressures on public leaders to do more with less. However, the research on the role of senior executives in supporting innovation is scant. This research fills the gap in scholarship by conducting research on attitudes and behaviors of public sector senior executives towards innovation. To explore, this research utilized the semi-structured interviews for 10 senior executives within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Health. The results, implications, and limitations of this research with suggestions for future innovation research are thoroughly discussed in the article.

Impact of Credit Rating Constraints on Spending Volatilities

Soyoung Park(박소영),Yongjin Sa(사용진) 한국공공관리학회 2017 한국공공관리학보 Vol.31 No.2

Even with the practical virtue of fiscal stability, state governments behave with fiscal instability. This is because the budgetary choices of governments are made under constrained conditions. This study examines how credit rating constraints influence spending behaviors. The results indicate that states with high credit ratings are positively related to spending volatility, but states with a high level credit rating during economic downturns have less spending volatility than during economic booms. States with high level credit ratings, combined with a strong governor, have less spending volatility than to those with weak governors. In conclusion, the budgetary choices of governments are made under constrained conditions such as the credit rating and governor power.

Composition of Expenditures and Economic Performance

Soyoung Park(박소영),Yongjin Sa(사용진) 한국공공관리학회 2016 한국공공관리학보 Vol.30 No.4

State governments create fiscal policies, but not all state policy decisions result in better economic performance. Economic performance depends on taxes and types of expenditures. The composition of public expenditures also is considered the instrument for promoting economic growth. This study attempts to examine how different types of expenditures (highway, education, and welfare expenditure) influence economic growth, as measured by change of gross state product (GSP) using a panel data set from 1998 to 2013. The results indicate that a high proportion of highway expenditure and education expenditure are positively related to economic growth rate. In addition, a high level of welfare expenditure is positively related to a state"s economic growth rate.