연구논문 : 식민지의 “위대한” 역사와 제국의 위상: 와다 유지(和田雄治)의 조선기상학사 연구

미야가와타쿠야 ( Miyagawa Takuya ) 한국과학사학회 2010 한국과학사학회지 Vol.32 No.2

Wada Yuji 和田雄治(1859-1918), the first chief director of the meteorological network in colonial Korea, wrote some books and papers on history of Korean meteorology in 1910s, which were the very first study on history of Korean science. In his writings, he praised the invention of observation system and the long record of rainfall during the Choson dynasty because such a long record could not be found anywhere else in the world. At the same time he represented history of Korean meteorological projects as a part of Japanese history, stating that “our country [Japan] must be proud of them.” Such expression was possible because Wada was influenced by intellectual tendency of the historians of Orient in Meiji Japan, and he believed that he was obligated to represent the great legacy instead of the “uncivilized” Korean people, who he thought were incapable of studying and representing their history by themselves. Also by decontextualizing the meteorological history and data from the historical context of Choson, Wada could describe them as Japanese history of science. As a result, the decontextualized history of Korean meteorology functioned as one noteworthy element of the Japanese empire for cultural opposition to the Western empires.

일본의 연구윤리

미야가와 타쿠야(MIYAGAWA Takuya),김옥주(KIM Ock-Joo) 한국생명윤리학회 2008 생명윤리 Vol.9 No.2

이 논문은 2000년 이후 현재까지 일본에서 잇따라 연구부정행위와 연구윤리에 깊이 관련된 사건들이 발생하고 있는 상황에 대해 일본의 대학, 연구소들이 어떻게 대응하고 어떤 대책을 마련했는지를 검토한다. 일본은 법에 의한 규제보다 지침을 통한 연구윤리체계의 구축을 꾀하고 있으며, 그 실천은 각 대학, 연구소, 그리고 과학자들 자신에게 맡기는 경향이 있다. 일본 학계에서는 지침에 대한 준수만으로도 연구윤리가 확보될 수 있으며, 법적으로 강제화하지 않는 것이 좋다는 학계의 공감대에 기인한 것으로 보인다. 이에 따라 일본의 각 대학 및 연구소는 각기 윤리지침을 제정하여 연구윤리 실천 및 부정행위 방지를 위해 노력하고 있다. 특히 2000년대 들어서부터 연구윤리 관련 사건들이 자주 발생하게 됨에 따라 연구기관들은 사건에 대한 반성을 바탕으로 스스로 지침과 규정을 만들기 시작했다. 이 글에서 다룬 도쿄대학 의과학연구소, 이화학연구소, 도쿄대학 의학부는 모두 일본 최고의 연구기관에서 최근에 심각한 사건이 일어났다는 공통적인 특징을 지닌다. 일련의 사건을 계기로 일본 정부와 학계에서는 새로 윤리규정과 심사제도 등을 마련했다. 리켄은 소속 과학자들이 적극적으로 규정과 지침을 만들었다. 의과연의 경우, 이 사건을 심각하게 받아들인 의과연 연구소장이 강력한 리더십을 발휘하여 내부조사와 외부감사단을 구성하는 등 신속하게 대응하여 새로운 심사체제, 교육시스템을 마련하여 연구소의 연구윤리를 증진하는 데에 이른 것이다. 일본의 연구윤리는 연구윤리 추문에 대한 반성 위에서 정부와 연구기관들의 공동노력으로 최근 들어 연구윤리 체계와 실천이 발전하고 있는 중이다. This paper deals with research ethics in Japan with special reference to institutions' responses to cases of non-compliance with research ethics guidelines. Facing advent of new biotechnology like genetics engineering and artificial reproduction in 1980s, Japanese society chose to handle ethical, legal and social challenges brought by these new biotechnology with implementing ethics guidelines rather than with enactment of laws. Since 2000, several scandals related to research misconducts or noncompliance with research ethics guidelines have occurred in such eminent Japanese research institutes as the Institute of Medical Sciences Tokyo University, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research) and College of Medicine Tokyo University. After a series of investigation by internal and external committees, these institutes rebuilt a research ethics system. This includes new review system, a new policy to mandate research ethics education and a routine auditing system to ensure research ethics. Taking lessons from the scandals, Japanese institutions have been promoting research ethics not to repeat their past.

에도 말 메이지 초 일본 서양의사의 형성에 대하여

김옥주(KIM Ock-Joo),Takuya Miyagawa 大韓醫史學會 2011 醫史學 Vol.20 No.2

Western medicine began to be introduced to Japan since late 16th century. Japanese encounter with Western medicine centered on Dejima in Nagasaki in the seventeenth and eighteenth century and the initial process of introduction was gradual and slow. In the mid-nineteenth century, facing threats from Western countries, Tokugawa bakufu(幕府) asked Dutch naval surgeon, J. L. C. Pompe van Meerdervoort to teach western medicine at the Kaigun Denshujo naval academy in Nagasaki. The government also supported the western medical school in Edo. This paper deals with how modern western medical doctors were developed in Japan from late Edo to early Meiji. The publication of the New Text on Anatomy(解體新書) in 1774 translated by Sugita Genpaku and his colleagues stimulated Japanese doctors and scholars to study western medicine, called Rangaku(蘭學). During the Edo period, western medicine spread into major cities and countryside in Japan through Rangaku doctors(蘭方醫). In 1838, for example, Dr. Ogata Kōan established the Rangaku school named Tekijuku and educated many people with western medicine. When smallpox vaccination was introduced in Japan in 1849, Rangaku doctors played an important role in practiving the vaccination in cities and in countryside. After the Edo bakufu and the feudal lords of han(藩, han) actively pursued to introduce western medicine to their hans by sending their Samurai to Edo or Nagasaki or abroad and by establishing medical schools and hospitals until their abolition in 1871. In late Edo and early Meiii military doctors were the main focus of training to meet the urgent need of military doctors in the battle fields of civil wars. The new Meiji government initiated a series of top-down reformations concerning army recruitment, national school system, public health and medical system. In 1874, the government introduced a law on medicine(醫制) to adopt western medicine only and to launch a national licence system for medical doctors. Issuing supplementary regulations in the following years, the Meiji government settled down a dual-track medical licensing system: one for the graduates from medical schools with certain quality and the other for the graduate from less qualified schools who should take the licensing examination.

Perianal and Vulvar Extramammary Paget Disease: A Report of Six Cases and Mapping Biopsy of the Anal Canal

( Yuzo Nagai ),( Sinsuke Kazama ),( Daisuke Yamada ),( Takuya Miyagawa ),( Koji Murono ),( Koji Yasuda ),( Takeshi Nishikawa ),( Toshiaki Tanaka ),( Tomomichi Kiyomatsu ),( Keisuke Hata ),( Kazushige 대한피부과학회 2016 Annals of Dermatology Vol.28 No.5

Treatment of perianal and vulvar extramammary Paget disease (EMPD), rare intraepithelial malignancies, is often challenging because of its potential to spread into the anal canal. However, there is still no consensus regarding the optimal resection margin within the anal canal. Between 2004 and 2014, six patients (three with perianal EMPD and three with vulvar EMPD) in which the spread of Paget cells into the anal canal was highly suspected were referred to our department. To evaluate the disease extent within the anal canal, preoperative mapping biopsy of the anal canal was performed in five out of six patients. Two patients were positive for Paget cells within the anal canal (one at the dentate line and the other at 0.5 cm above the dentate line), whereas in three patients, Paget cell were present only in the skin of the anal verge. Using 1 cm margin within the anal canal from the positive biopsy sites, we performed anal-preserving wide local excision (WLE), and negative resection margins within the anal canal were confirmed in all five patients. The remaining one patient with perianal EMPD did not undergo mapping biopsy of the anal canal because preoperative colonoscopy revealed that the Paget cells had spread into the lower rectum. Therefore, WLE with abdominoperineal resection was performed. During the median follow-up period of 37.3 months, no local recurrence was observed in all patients. Our small case series suggest the usefulness of mapping biopsy of the anal canal for the treatment of perianal and vulvar EMPD. (Ann Dermatol 28(5) 624∼628, 2016)

1950-60년대 한국의 뇌폐흡충증과 심보성의 대뇌반구적출술

박지영(PARK Jiyoung),미야가와 타쿠야(MIYAGAWA Takuya),홍정화(HONG Jeonghwa),김옥주(KIM Ockjoo) 大韓醫史學會 2011 醫史學 Vol.20 No.1

This paper deals with cerebral paragonimiasis and cerebral hemispherectomy conducted as a treatment of cerebral paragonimiasis by Bo Sung Sim in Korea in 1950s-1960s. He demonstrated that cerebral hemispherectomy could be used for unilateral diffuse cerebral paragonimiasis. Sim learned cerebral hemispherectomy from Dr. L. A. French. at the University of Minnesota from 1955 to 1957 in America. The authors argues that Bo Sung Sim’s introduction of cerebral hemispherectomy to Korea was not a simple application of an advanced medical technology, but a complicated and active process in that Sim used the technique to intervene intractable complications from cerebral paragonimiasis such as generalized convulsions, spastic hemiplegia and mental deterioration. Bo Sung Sim, one of the neurosurgeons of the first generation in Korea, was trained in neurology, neuropathology, neuroradiology and animal experiments as well as in neurosurgery at the University of Minnesota. After returning to Korea, Sim faced parasitic diseases, one of the most serious public health problems at that time, which were far different from what he learned in America. As a neurosurgeon, Sim tackled with parasitic diseases of the central nervous system with various diagnostics and therapeutics. In 1950s, more than one million populations suffered from pulmonary paragonimiasis acquired by eating raw crabs or by feeding juice of crushed crayfish for the treatment of measles in Korea. About 26.6 percent of people with paragonimiasis had cerebral paragonimiasis. Before bithionol therapy was introduced in 1962, neurosurgery was the only available treatment to control increased intracranial pressures, intractable epilepsy, paralysis and mental deterioration. Between 1958 to 1962, Bo Sung Sim operated on 24 patients of cerebral paragonimiasis. In two of them, he performed cerebral hemispherectomy to control intractable convulsions when he found diffuse cerebral paragonimiasis and cerebral atrophy at the operating table. The two patients were recovered dramatically after the operation. The first patient became a part of medical campus for 20 years after hemispherectomy, doing chores at the hospital and helping Bo Sung Sim for his teaching neuroanatomy. The presence of the hemispherectomized patient in the classroom impressed the students deeply. Furthermore, the hemispherectomized patient stimulated Sim and his school to perform research upon the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of the brain with hemispherectomized animals.